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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (Hoe 893d). I. Effects on blood pressure, pulse rate, catecholamines in blood and urine, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone under basal conditions and following exercise (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Beta-blockade ; penbutolol ; hypertension ; plasma and urinary catecholamines ; plasma renin ; aldosterone excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of penbutolol (Hoe 893 d), a new non-selective beta-receptor blocking agent, were studied in 5 patients with moderate hypertension. Initially, it was shown that 2–4 mg given orally once or twice daily tended to lower blood pressure and pulse rate, both at rest and following submaximal work. In prolonged trials (3–8 months) 40–60 mg/day were required to produce an acceptable antihypertensive effect. Penbutolol had no effect on the normal increase in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline on standing, nor did it alter basal urinary catecholamine excretion. Submaximal work caused no significant change in plasma catecholamines before treatment, but there was a marked rise both in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline during treatment with penbutolol. In short term studies there was a fall in plasma renin by 4 hours after oral administration of penbutolol 2–4 mg, which persisted for 24 hours. Prolonged treatment with penbutolol 20–30 mg twice daily inhibited renin production under basal conditions and following submaximal work, as well as lowered basal urinary aldosterone excretion. In one patient slight asthmatic symptoms appeared after treatment for 3 months with penbutolol. In other respects penbutolol was well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613424
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of metoprolol on blood glycerol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and glucose in relation to plasma catecholamines in hypertensive patients at rest and following submaximal work (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Beta1-receptor blockade ; metoprolol ; hypertension ; submaximal work ; plasma catecholamines ; free fatty acids ; glycerol ; triglycerides ; blood sugar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies were performed in nine male patients with moderate hypertension. Treatment with metoprolol, 50–150 mg three times daily for 4–17 weeks, had no effect on the plasma level of glycerol, free fatty acids, triglycerides or glucose under basal conditions, neither in the supine nor in the upright position. Submaximal work, performed postprandially, increased plasma glycerol before medication but not during metoprolol, in spite of a marked increase in plasma noradrenaline. The work load employed caused no change in free fatty acids, triglycerides or glucose, neither before medication nor during metoprolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606673
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (Hoe 893d) III. Effects on glucose tolerance and insulin production (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Beta-adrenergic blockade ; penbutolol ; intravenous glucose tolerance test ; peroral glucose tolerance test ; blood glucose ; plasma insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies in seven patients with moderate hypertension were done to explore the effect of the non-selective beta-receptor blocking agent penbutolol on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels under fasting conditions, and following a glucose load. Oral penbutolol 20–30 mg, twice daily for 3–8 months, produced no change in fasting levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin, or in the blood glucose response following an oral or iv glucose load. The initial insulin response to intravenous glucose was similar before and during penbutolol treatment. The total integrated insulin response following iv glucose increased slightly during treatment when measured from insulin zero level, but was unaltered when calculated from the initial basal insulin level. Following oral glucose the total integrated insulin response was not affected by treatment with penbutolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558323
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with the beta1-receptor blocking agent metoprolol (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Beta1-receptor blockade ; metoprolol ; hypertension ; submaximal work ; insulin-induced hypoglycaemia ; plasma catecholamines ; plasma renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of submaximal work and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on plasma catecholamines and renin activity was studied in nine males with moderate hypertension before treatment, after one month on placebo and after three months of metoprolol treatment. The maintenance dose used was 50–150 mg three times daily. The placebo caused no change in blood glucose, blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma catecholamines and renin activity, neither under basal conditions nor following submaximal work or insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Metoprolol significantly reduced blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma renin activity under basal conditions whereas plasma catecholamines were unchanged. During metoprolol treatment the increase in blood pressure and pulse rate in response to submaximal work was reduced, but the plasma noradrenaline response was enhanced and plasma adrenaline unaltered. The decrease in pulse rate after work was positively correlated with the mean plasma metoprolol concentration. The fall in blood glucose after insulin 0.1 IU/kg body weight i. v. and its return to normal was unaffected by metoprolol. Before metoprolol, hypoglycaemia was followed by a pronounced increase in plasma adrenaline, with a maximum after 45 min. During metoprolol the adrenaline increase was even more pronounced. Hypoglycaemia was also followed by a two-fold increase in plasma noradrenaline, both before and during treatment with metoprolol. Plasma renin activity during submaximal work and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia varied as much before as during treatment with metoprolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607672
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with the beta1-receptor blocking agent metoprolol (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Beta1-receptor blockade ; metoprolol ; hypertension ; plasma catecholamines ; plasma renin activity ; urinary aldosterone ; plasma volume ; working capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine males with moderate hypertension were investigated before treatment, after one month on placebo and after three months on the beta1-receptor blocking agent metoprolol, 50–150 mg three times daily. During the placebo period no changes were observed apart from a slight decrease in supine pulse rate. Treatment with metoprolol significantly decreased blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma renin activity in the supine and upright positions. The efficiency of the drug on blood pressure was not correlated with pretreatment pulse rate or plasma renin, noradrenaline or adrenaline. The plasma concentration of metoprolol was related to the dose administered. With the patient supine, the decrease in plasma renin activity was correlated with the plasma concentration of metoprolol but there was no effect on plasma catecholamines. On standing, plasma noradrenaline increased significantly and to the same extent under all three conditions studied. During metoprolol treatment there was a non-significant tendency for urinary aldosterone in the entire group to decrease. However, in individual patients during metoprolol treatment urinary aldosterone showed a decrease which was significantly related to the decrease in plasma renin activity. Plasma volume rose slightly in patients on metoprolol. The treatment had no effect on maximal working capacity, measured by cycling on a stationary ergometer, but the associated increase in blood pressure and pulse rate was markedly reduced. Metoprolol was well tolerated and no side effects were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607671
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA analysis indicates patient-specific human papillomavirus type 16 strains in Bowen's disease on fingers and in archival samples from genital dysplasia (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is casually involved in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer and has also been demonstrated in some patients with Bowen's disease (BD) on the fingers. From two women with HPV 16 in BD on the fingers, and in archival samples from genital dysplasia, collected as long as 26 years ago, the non-coding region of the virus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The HPV 16 DNA sequences found in the finger lesions and in the genital archival samples showed no diversities within single patients. Compared with an HPV 16R reference sequence, one patient showed a unique T nucleotide at position 78, whereas the other patient exhibited T and A nucleotides at positions 7193 and 7521, respectively. In one of the patients, the same strain of HPV 16 was found in a digital tumour 26 years after its clearance from the genital tract. DNA sequence analysis indicated patient-specific HPV 16 strains. Auto-inoculation from the genital tract was favoured as a plausible explanation of why HPV 16 caused BD on the fingers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6551615.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of chronic replicative hepatitis B virus infection with short-term continuous infusion of foscarnet (1994)
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 330-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Foscarnet (Trisodium-Fosfonoformat) wurde sieben Tage lang als intravenöse Dauertropfinfusion nach initialem Bolus von 20 mg/kg KG bei drei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis B und aktiver Virusreplikation eingesetzt. Obwohl die Dosis nach einem Nomogramm berechnet wurde, lagen die erreichten Plasmakonzentrationen (500 µM/l=150 µg/l) um etwa die Hälfte unter den angestrebten Werten. Während der Behandlung und einer Beobachtungszeit von 24 Monaten traten nur marginale Änderungen der s-ALAT, HBV-DNA und DNA-Polymerase-Spiegel ein. Alle Patienten blieben während der Behandlung und Beobachtungszeit HBsAg und HBeAg positiv. Wir schließen aus diesen Beobachtungen, daß Foscarnet in der in dieser Studie verabreichten Dosis keinen oder nur einen geringen antiviralen Effekt bei Patienten mit chronischer, replizierender HBV-Infektion hatte. Es bleibt zu prüfen, ob höhere Dosen, längere Behandlungsphasen oder die Anwendung von Foscarnet in Kombinationstherapie wirksamer sind.
    Notes: Summary Three patients with chronic replicative hepatitis B virus infection were treated for 7 days with a continuous intravenous infusion of foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate) after an initial bolus dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Although the dose was calculated from a nomogram, approximately only half the intended plasma concentration (500 µM/l=150 µg/l) was achieved. The levels of s-ALAT, HBV-DNA and DNA-polymerase changed only marginally during the treatment and 24-week follow-up period. All three patients remained HBsAg and HBeAg positive during treatment and follow-up. There were no severe side-effects. We conclude that foscarnet treatment with the dose regimen given in this study had no or only a minor antiviral effect in patients with chronic replicative HBV infection. It remains to be explored if higher doses, longer treatment periods or the use of foscarnet in combination regimen are more effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715540
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (hoe 893d). II. Effect on the response of plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; beta-receptor blockade ; penbutolol ; plasma catecholamines ; plasma renin activity ; pulse rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the blood levels of catecholamines and renin activity has been studied in five patients with moderate hypertension before and after treatment for 3 – 8 months with penbutolol (PEN) 20 – 30 mg twice daily. Penbutolol caused no change in fasting blood glucose level. Insulin 0.1 IU per kg body weight i.v. reduced blood glucose concentration by approximately 50 per cent after 30 – 45 min, both before and during treatment with penbutolol. Hypoglycemia prior to medication was accompanied by a marked increase in the production of adrenaline and a minor increase of noradrenaline in all five patients. During treatment the response of adrenaline to hypoglycemia was reduced in four patients and the data was inconclusive in one. Basal renin activity was rather low in three patients, within the normal range in one and relatively high in one. Before penbutolol the hypoglycemia-induced increase in catecholamine production caused no change in plasma renin activity in the three patients with low basal levels, whereas a marked increase was observed in the other two. During medication plasma renin activity remained unchanged on induction of hypoglycemia regardless of the catecholamine response. Despite the marked increase in plasma adrenaline following insulin-induced hypoglycemia, no statistically significant increase in pulse rate was recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561656
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delta infection among patients with chronic hepatitis B in the Stockholm region (1984)
    Springer
    Infection 12 (1984), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Prävalenz, Epidemiologie und Folgen der Delta-Infektion wurden bei 60 Patienten mit bioptisch gesicherter chronischer Hepatitis B, die 1972-82 am Roslagstull Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Stockholm, Schweden, behandelt wurden, analysiert. Die Seren aller Patienten wurden auf Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis-A-Virus, Hepatitis-B-Oberflächenantigen und den entsprechenden Antikörper, Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis-B-core-Antigen, das Hepatitis-B-e-Antigen und den entsprechenden Antikörper und Antikörper gegen Delta-Antigen mittels Radioimmunoassay-Verfahren untersucht. Bei allen 60 Patienten wurde eine Leberbiopsie durchgeführt; sie wurde bei 28 Patienten wiederholt. 32% der Patienten (19/60) erwiesen sich als anti-delta-positiv. Die Mehrzahl der anti-delta-positiven Patienten waren entweder Einwanderer aus nicht-europäischen Ländern oder Drogensüchtige (jeweils 9 von 19, entsprechend 47%). Es zeigte sich, daß im Einzugsbereich von Stockholm bereits in den frühen 70er Jahren Delta-Infektionen aufgetreten waren. Im Verlauf der Studie traten bei vier der Patienten klinische Symptome und Laborwerte im Sinne einer akuten Hepatitis in Verbindung mit einer Delta-Infektion auf. Bei 63% (12/19) der anti-delta-positiven und bei 39% (16/41) der anti-delta-negativen Patienten wurde eine chronisch aktive Hepatitis mit oder ohne Zirrhose festgestellt. Bei zwei von vier antidelta-positiven Patienten ließ sich in Biopsien der Übergang der chronisch aktiven oder chronisch persistierenden Hepatitis in eine Zirrhose feststellen.
    Notes: Summary The prevalence, epidemiology and consequences of delta infection were analysed in 60 patients attending the Roslagstull Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden, between 1972 and 1982. All of the patients had biopsy-documented chronic hepatitis B. Using radioimmunoassay techniques, sera from all patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis A virus, for hepatitis B surface antigen and the corresponding antibody, for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, for hepatatitis B e antigen and the corresponding antibody and for antibodies to delta antigen. All 60 patients underwent a liver biopsy which was repeated in 28 patients. 32% of the patients (19/60) were found to be anti-delta positive. The majority of the anti-delta positive patients were either immigrants from non-European countries or addicts (both 9/19 or 47%). Infections with delta agent were found to have already occurred in the Stockholm region in the early 1970s. During the study period, four of the patients developed clinical and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis in association with a delta infection. Among the anti-delta positive patients, 63% (12/19) were classified as having chronic active hepatitis, with or without cirrhosis, as against 39% (16/41) of the anti-delta negative patients. Histological progression to cirrhosis was observed in two of the four anti-delta positive patients with initial chronic active or chronic persistent hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01641021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis in drug addicts — a follow-up study (1988)
    Springer
    Infection 16 (1988), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verlaufsstudie. 47 Drogenabhängige mit histologisch gesicherter chronischer Hepatitis, verursacht durch das Hepatitis-Virus Non-A, Non-B, wurden mindestens zwölf Monate lang beobachtet (Mittelwert 58 ± 34,5 Monate). Es handelte sich um junge Patienten mit einem mittleren Alter von 25 Jahren, vorwiegend Männer. 40 Patienten (85%) hatten bei der ersten Leberbiopsie eine chronisch persistierende Hepatitis (CPH) und sieben (15%) eine chronisch aktive Hepatitis mit oder ohne Zirrhose (CAH/C). Mit Ausnahme der Bilirubinspiegel fanden sich zwischen den beiden histologischen Gruppen keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den biochemischen Standard-Laborparametern. Bei zehn Patienten wurde die Leberpunktion wiederholt, bei vier Fällen zeigte die histologische Untersuchung der Biopsie ein Fortschreiten der chronischen Hepatitis. Bei sechs Patienten mit CAH waren Zeichen einer Zirrhose vorhanden. Bei keinem der Patienten kam es durch die Lebererkrankung zum Leberversagen, keiner der Patienten starb an seiner Leberkrankheit. Im Verlauf der Beobachtung trat bei zwei Patienten eine Normalisierung der biochemischen Parameter ein. Die eher gutartigen morphologischen Befunde in den Leberbiopsien stehen im Widerspruch zu Beobachtungen bei transfusionsbedingter chronischer Non-A, Non-B-Hepatitis, bei der es sehr viel häufiger zur chronisch aktiven Hepatitis und Zirrhose kommt. Diese Unterschiede lassen sich zum Teil durch altersabhängige immunologische Faktoren erklären.
    Notes: Summary Forty-seven drug addicts with histologically verified chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were followed up for at least 12 months (mean 58±34.5 months). The patients were young, mean age 25 years and predominantly of the male sex. Forty patients (85%) had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) in the first biopsy and seven (15%) had chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis (CAH/C). Except for bilirubin levels, standard biochemical tests at the time of the biopsy did not differ significantly between the two histologic groups. Ten patients had repeated biopsies performed and in four of them a histologic progression was observed. Six patients with CAH had evidence of cirrhosis. No patient developed hepatic failure or died because of the liver disease. Two patients seemed to resolve biochemically during follow-up. The rather benign liver morphology contrasts with chronic NANBH after blood transfusion where chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis are much more common. Age-dependent immunologic factors might to some extent explain these differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644093
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