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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manipulation of nucleation by growth rate modulation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3792-3796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on manipulation of nucleation by means of periodic modulation of the growth rate R, both during molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si on Si(111) and using a simulated bilayer structure. We have found that the bilayer-by-bilayer growth can be improved and that the surface roughness can be reduced by applying the R modulation synchronized with the deposition of a multiple of full bilayers. For nonsynchronized growth the phase of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillations could be shifted relative to the bilayer deposition period and a beating phenomenon of the RHEED oscillations was observed, which can be attributed to the superimposed effects of the R modulation and the regular bilayer-by-bilayer growth. We have used the phenomenological correspondence between the surface step density and the RHEED oscillations as a basis to discuss the growth. By employing a kinetic solid-on-solid Monte Carlo model without vacancies and overhangs all significant experimental features could be simulated. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359959
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunneling current spectroscopy of electron subbands in n-type δ-doped silicon structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 1962-1968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tunneling current measurements on n-type δ-doped Si(100) structures were carried out, with sheet doping concentrations ranging from ∼4×1012 to 2.0×1013 cm−2 at 4 K. All samples have been grown by using a low-energy ion source for antimony doping in a silicon molecular beam epitaxy system. From analysis of dI/dVg and (dI/dVg)/ (I/Vg) spectra, tunneling associated with quantized electron subbands is identified. The subband energy positions relative to the equilibrium Fermi level EF0 under zero bias were determined from the tunneling current measurements as a function of the sheet doping concentration. Self-consistent theoretical calculations of the electronic structure of δ layers have been performed, and good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for most structures in the tunneling spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345575
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Si/SiGe/Si:Er:O light-emitting transistors prepared by differential molecular-beam epitaxy (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1697-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Si/SiGe/Si:Er:O heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) type light-emitting devices with Er3+ ions incorporated in the collector region have been fabricated using a layered structure grown by differential molecular-beam epitaxy. Electroluminescence measurements on processed light-emitting HBTs can be performed in either constant driving current mode or constant applied bias mode, which is an important advantage over conventional Si:Er light-emitting diodes. Intense room-temperature light emission at the Er3+ characteristic wavelength of 1.54 μm has been observed at low driving current density, e.g., 0.1 A cm−2, and low applied bias, e.g., 3 V, across the collector and emitter. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1356732
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room temperature 1.54 μm light emission of erbium doped Si Schottky diodes prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1023-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Schottky-type light emitting devices have been fabricated on Er-oxide doped Si layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy, in order to study the light emission process of Er-doped Si structures. By applying a reverse bias on the Schottky junction, Er ions incorporated within the depletion layer can be electrically excited via a hot electron impact process. Rather intense electroluminescence (EL) at a wavelength of 1.54 μm has been observed at room temperature. The optoelectronic properties of the devices have been characterized by both input-power dependent and temperature dependent EL measurements. An activation energy value of ∼160 meV responsible for luminescence thermal quenching has been obtained. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119715
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of high quality Ge films on Si(111) using Sb as surfactant (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1409-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality, completely relaxed Ge films have been grown on Si(111) using Sb as surfactant at the initial stage of growth. After desorbing the surface Sb layer, cusplike reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations indicated excellent Ge layer-by-layer epitaxy. High resolution x-ray diffraction analysis showed a very high crystalline quality and well resolved thickness fringes consistent with a flat relaxed Ge layer. Chemical preferential etching experiments revealed a defect density of down to ∼3×104 cm−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112067
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple neuroectodermal abnormalities in pheochromocytoma patients (1988)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 12 (1988), S. 710-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez 80 patients consécutifs porteurs de phéochromocytome, opérés de 1956 à 1985, on a recherché des signes d'autres anomalies neuroectodermiques. On en a trouvé chez 23 patients (29%). L'anomalie associée la plus fréquente était le cancer médullaire de thyroïde, puis venait la neurofibromatose de von Recklinghausen. Les autres anomalies retrouvées étaient les tumeurs intracrâniennes, les tumeurs carcinoïdes de l'intestin moyen et l'hyperplasie parathyroïdienne. Les 6 patients ayant des phéochromocytomes multiples avaient des anomalies neuroectodermiques associées. Quatorze patients avec une maladie héréditaire avaient des anomalies neuroectodermiques multiples associées (ANM). Il y avait significativement moins d'hypertension parmi les patients avec des ANM (p〈0.05). Tous les patients présentant une ANM, avaient aussi un phéochromocytome surrénalien bénin. Chez 1 patient parmi les 9 patients normotensifs, on a soupçonné un phéochromocytome en raison de l'association d'anomalies neuroectodermiques. Parmi ces 9 patients, il n'y a pas eu de complications cardio- ou cérébrovasculaires, mais celles-ci se sont produites chez 22% des patients hypertendus. Aucun patient dans cette série n'est mort de son phéochromocytome, mais 4 sur 5 patients avec une ANM sont morts de leur maladie neuroectodermique associée. Pendant ces 10 dernières années, on a fait le diagnostic d'ANM chez 40% des patients avec un phéochromocytome, alors qu'au cours des 10 précédentes années, ce diagnostic n'a été fait que chez 20%. Une recherche approfondie des anomalies neuroectodermiques associées chez le patient avec phéochromocytome ainsi que la recherche de phéochromocytome chez le patient présentant des anomalies neuroectodermiques devraient aider à poser le diagnostic plus précocément et ainsi à améliorer le pronostic.
    Abstract: Resumen Una serie de 80 pacientes con feocromocitoma operados entre 1956 y 1985 fueron investigados para establecer la presencia de otras anomalías neuroectodérmicas, las cuales fueron halladas en 23 pacientes (29%). La más frecuente fue el carcinoma medular de tiroides, seguida de neurofibromatosis de von Recklinghausen. Otras anomalías encontradas fueron tumores intracraneales, carcinomas del intestino medio, e hiperplasia paratiroidea. La totalidad de los 6 pacientes con feocromocitomas múltiples poseían otras anomalías neuroectodérmicas. Los 14 pacientes con enfermedad hereditaria presentaban también anomalías neuroectodérmicas múltiples (ANM). La hipertensión se presentó con incidencia significativamente menor en los pacientes con ANM (p〈0.05). Todos los pacientes con ANM tenían feocromocitoma adrenal benigno. En 7 de los 9 pacientes normotensos se sospechó el feocromocitoma por la presencia de otras anomalías neuroectodérmicas. Ninguno de los 9 pacientes exhibió complicaciones cardiovasculares o neurovasculares, pero éstas ocurrieron en 22% de los pacientes hipertensos. Ningún paciente de la serie falleció por causa de su feocromocitoma, pero 4 de los 5 pacientes fallecidos con ANM murieron como resultado de la enfermedad neuroectodérmica asociada. En el curso del último decenio, 40% de los pacientes con feocromocitoma tuvieron diagnóstico de ANM, contra 20% en el período previo. La creciente conciencia sobre la posibilidad de otras anomalías neuroectodérmicas en pacientes con feocromocitoma y de feocromocitoma en pacientes con anomalías neuroectodérmicas debe resultar en diagnósticos más tempranos y mejor pronóstico en estos pacientes.
    Notes: Abstract A series of 80 consecutive pheochromocytoma patients operated on from 1956 to 1985 were investigated for other neuroectodermal abnormalities. Such abnormalities were found in 23 (29%) patients. Medullary thyroid carcinoma was the most common associated neuroectodermal abnormality followed by von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Other abnormalities were intracranial tumors, midgut carcinoid, and parathyroid hyperplasia. All 6 patients with multiple pheochromocytomas had other neuroectodermal abnormalities. In the total series, the 14 patients with hereditary disease had multiple neuroectodermal abnormalities (MNA). Hypertension occurred significantly less often in MNA patients (p〈0.05). All the MNA patients had benign adrenal pheochromocytoma. In 7 of 9 normotensive patients, pheochromocytoma was suspected because of the presence of other neuroectodermal abnormalities. None of these 9 patients had any cardio- or cerebrovascular complications, but these occurred in 22% of the hypertensive patients. No patient in the series died from pheochromocytoma, but 4 of 5 deceased MNA patients died as a result of their associated neuroectodermal disease. During the last decade, 40% of the pheochromocytoma patients had MNA diagnosed compared to 20% during the previous period. An increased observation for other neuroectodermal abnormalities in pheochromocytoma patients and for pheochromocytoma in patients with neuroectodermal abnormalities should lead to earlier diagnosis and a better prognosis for the patients concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01655896
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical evaluation of radiation-induced hyperparathyroidism based on 148 surgically treated patients (1984)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 8 (1984), S. 96-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pendant une période de 29 ans s'étendant jusqu'à 1981, 839 malades ont été opérés pour hyperparathyroÏdie. Cent quarante-huit malades, soit 17,6%, avaient subi une irradiation cervicale. Le temps de latence entre l'irradiation et le diagnostic d'hyperparathyroÏdie était inversement proportionnel à l'âge ou le sujet avait été irradié, la moyenne s'élevant à 35 ans. L'hyperparathyroÏdie secondaire à l'irradiation présentait les mêmes caractères cliniques que l'hyperparathyroÏdie primitive mais à un moindre degré. Dans les deux cas la lithiase rénale était plus fréquente chez l'homme, cependant que les troubles mentaux et osseux étaient plus fréquents chez la femme. La répartition de l'adénome et de l'hyperplasie était identique dans les deux groupes de malades. Il ne fut constaté aucun cas d'hyperplasie à cellules claires aqueuses ou de cancer parmi les sujets irradiés. Chez ces derniers les lésions siégeaient le plus souvent au niveau des glandes supérieures, ce fait étant dû à la technique de l'irradiation cervicale. Chez 84% des sujets irradiés et chez 49% des malades présentant une hyperparathyroÏdie primitive furent constatées des anomalies thyroÏdiennes associées. Le cancer thyroÏdien fut constaté neuf fois plus souvent chez les malades irradiés, ce fait soulignant la nécessité de l'intervention chirurgicale.
    Abstract: Resumen 839 pacientes fueron tratados para hiperparatiroidismo (HPT) en el período de 29 años que concluye en 1981. Ciento cuarenta y ocho de estos pacientes (17.6%) tenían historia de irradiación previa a la región del cuello. El tiempo de latencia transcurrido entre la irradiación y el diagnóstico se encontró inversamente correlacionado con la edad de la irradiación y tuvo un promedio de 35 años. El HPT que aparece después de la radioterapia cervical (r-HPT) exhibió la misma presentación clínica que el HPT primario espontáneo (p-HPT); sin embargo, los pacientes con r-HPT controlados en seguimiento presentaron una forma más leve de la enfermedad. Tanto en los pacientes con r-HPT como en aquellos con p-HPT la enfermedad calculosa renal fue más comÚn en los hombres, mientras las alteraciones mentales y esqueléticas fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres. La distribución porcentual de adenomas y de hiperplasia de células principales no apareció diferente en los dos grupos. No hubo casos de hiperplasia de células ciaras o de carcinoma paratiroideo entre los pacientes con r-HPT. Los pacientes con r-HPT exhibieron con mayor y significativa frecuencia (p〈0.001) un adenoma localizado en una glándula superior. Tal distribución de los adenomas en cuanto a su ubicación puede ser explicada por el tratamiento con irradiación. Anormalidades concomitantes de la glándula tiroides fueron diagnosticadas en el 84% de los pacientes con r-HPT y en el 49% de los pacientes con p-HPT. El carcinoma tiroideo occurrió con una frequencia nueve veces mayor en los casos de r-HPT, lo cual fortalece la indicación de cirugía en estos pacientes.
    Notes: Abstract During a 29-year period ending in 1981, there were 839 patients treated surgically for hyperparathyroidism (HPT). One hundred and forty-eight (17.6%) of these patients had a history of previous radiation to the neck region. Latency time between irradiation and diagnosis was inversely correlated to age at irradiation and showed a mean of 35 years. Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) following neck radiotherapy (r-HPT) had the same clinical presentation as spontaneous primary HPT (p-HPT); however, the r-HPT patients traced by follow-up had milder disease. In patients with r-HPT or p-HPT, kidney stones were more common in men, while mental and skeletal changes were more common in women. The percentage distribution of adenoma and chief-cell hyperplasia did not differ between the two groups. There were no cases of water clear-cell hyperplasia or parathyroid carcinoma among r-HPT patients. Location of a parathyroid adenoma in an upper gland was significantly more common ( p〈0.001) in patients with r-HPT compared to patients with p-HPT. This distribution of adenomas could be correlated with the radiation treatment field. Concomitant thyroid abnormalities were diagnosed in 84% of patients with r-HPT and in 49% of patients with p-HPT. Thyroid carcinoma occurred 9 times more often in r-HPT patients strengthening the indication for surgery in irradiated subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01658376
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical characteristics and surgical results in hyperparathyroidism caused by water-clear cell hyperplasia (1981)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 5 (1981), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Entre 1952 et 1978, 39 malades ont été traités pour hyperplasie à cellules claires des parathyroÏdes (HCC) et 531 pour adénome parathyroÏdien unique. La fréquence annuelle du nombre de HCC ne s'est pas modifiée pendant la période d'étude; par contre le nombre d'adénomes a nettement augmenté. Les cas de HCC ont un taux de S-Ca plus élevé que les adénomes, et leur maladie est plus grave. Les symptÔmes psychiques et l'altération de la fonction rénale sont particulièrement fréquents et 4 malades sont morts d'insuffisance rénale dans le follow-up. Dans le groupe des HCC, il y plus d'hommes que de femmes, ce qui peut expliquer la plus grande fréquence de calculs rénaux. La chirurgie a guéri 24 malades atteints de HCC, dont 7 ont développé une hypocalcémie; 5 malades restent hypercalcémiques. L'HCC persistante entraÎnant une morbidité importante, il faut supprimer l'hyperparathyroÏdie et donc réaliser dans de tels cas une chirurgie plus radicale qu'on ne le conseille d'habitude.
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-nine patients were treated for water-clear cell hyperplasia (WCCH) of the parathyroid glands and 531 for single adenoma during a 26-year period ending in 1978. The annual incidence of WCCH did not change during the period, whereas the number of adenoma cases markedly increased. Patients with WCCH had higher serium calcium levels and more severe disease than did those with adenoma. Mental symptoms and impaired renal function were especially common, and 4 patients later died of renal failure. The reversed sex ratio, with more men than women among the WCCH patients, can explain their higher prevalence of renal calculi. Operative treatment resulted in a cure of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in 24 WCCH patients, 7 of whom developed hypocalcemia. Five patients remained hypercalcémie. Because of the morbidity of WCCH, persistent HPT should be avoided and more radical surgery performed than is currently recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01655011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Survival of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer after Surgical Microdissection (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 20 (1996), S. 854-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A total of 195 patients had surgery for papillary thyroid cancer. The mean age at operation was 50 years. A microdissection technique was used for total thyroidectomy and lymph node clearance. Postoperative radioiodine tests showed no uptake or an uptake close to the background activity in 77% of the examined patients. By counting the lymph nodes removed at surgery we were able to check on the quality of the lymph node dissection. Men had a higher incidence (70%) of lymph node metastases than women (45%). Only 4% of the patients had radioiodine ablation of the thyroid remnant. The median follow-up time was 13 years. None of the patients below 45 years of age at surgery died of thyroid cancer. In the older age group eight patients died of thyroid cancer at a mean age of 75 years. Five of those who died of a thyroid carcinoma had distant metastases at diagnosis. Among patients with resectable disease, three (1.6%) died of thyroid cancer, all of whom had lived for more than 17 years after surgery. Hence longer follow-up is needed before we know the final mortality in our series. The results suggest that surgical technique and strategy can positively influence the survival of patients with papillary thyroid cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900130
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma in a consecutive series of pheochromocytoma patients (1984)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 8 (1984), S. 493-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pendant une période de 27 ans dont le terme s'est situé en 1982, 64 malades ont été opérés pour phéochromocytome. Il n'y avait pas de lien de parenté parmi ces malades. L'existence éventuelle d'une maladie à cellules C de la thyroïde fut recherchée en déterminant le taux de la calcitonine après stimulation par la pentagastrine. Les opérés furent suivis en mesurant la pression artérielle et le taux d'excrétion dans les urines des cathécholamines et des métabolites. Dix opérés (15.6%) ont présenté une affection thyroïdienne à cellules C témoignant qu'ils étaient atteints d'un syndrome type MEN II. Sept parmi ces dix opérés ont vu leur affection reconnue avant le moment du test, quatre parce qu'ils présentaient des manifestations cliniques et trois grâce à l'examen de dépistage. Lors des examens postopératoires trois nouveaux cas furent reconnus. L'examen de dépistage permit de retrouver quatre nouveaux syndromes MEN II apparentés. Sept des dix malades qui présentaient un syndrome MEN II après adrénalectomie unilatérale ont été suivis plus de 7,7 ans sans signes de récidive d'affection surrénale. Ces résultats suggèrent que la fréquence du syndrome MEN II chez les sujets atteints de phéochromocytome est plus élevée qu'on le croyait. L'ablation exclusive des phéochromocytomes évidents et une observation attentive des sujets ainsi opérés représente donc une bonne alternative à l'adrénalectomie bilatérale systématique chez les sujets qui présentent un syndrome MEN II avec phéochromocytome.
    Abstract: Resumen Cuando se hace el diagnóstico de carcinoma medular de tiroides, usualmente se procede a investigar la posible presencia de un feocromocitoma concomitante (síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipos II y IIB). Esto es realizado con anterioridad a la operación tiroidea, a fin de evitar las consecuencias potencialmente desastrosas de un tumor adrenal no identificado. Por el contrario, los pacientes con feocromocitomas no son regularmente investigados para determinar la presencia de carcinoma medular de tiroides o de hyperplasia de células C. En este estudio se realizó investigación de hipercalcitonemia en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con feocromocitoma para definir la prevalencia de enfermedad de las células C en tales pacientes. En el curso del período de 27 años (1956–1982), 64 pacientes fueron tratados quirúrgicamente por feocromocitoma. No existió relación familiar entre ninguno de estos pacientes. Se investigó la prevalencia real de enfermedad de células C de la tiroides mediante la realización de determinaciones de calcitonina sérica después de provocación con pentagastrina. El seguimiento postoperatorio de la enfermedad por feocromocitoma fué hecho por medio de mediciones de la presión arterial y de la determinación de la excreción urinaria de catecolaminas y metabolitos. Diez individuos (15.6%) fueron hallados con enfermedad de células C, indicando ésto que poseían el síndrome NEM II. Siete de los 10 pacientes habían sido diagnosticados previamente al período de estudio, cuatro en virtud de la sintomatología y tres por procedimientos de investigación general. Con el estudio de seguimiento sistemático se hallaron tres “nuevos” casos de enfermedad de células C. Como resultado del procedimiento de investigación general, encontramos 4 casos “nuevos” de familiares con síndrome NEM II. Siete de nuestros 10 casos de NEM II han sido seguidos por más de 7.7 años sin evidencia de enfermedad adrenal recurrente. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la prevalencia de síndromes NEM II en pacientes con feocromocitoma es más alta de lo que previamente ha sido informado. La resección de sólo los feocromocitomas macroscópicamente evidentes y un cuidadoso seguimiento es una buena alternativa a la adrenalectomía bilateral rutinaria en pacientes con NEM II con feocromocitoma.
    Notes: Abstract During a 27-year period (1956–1982), 64 patients were treated surgically for pheochromocytoma. There was no kinship among any of these subjects. The true prevalence of C-cell disease of the thyroid in this series was searched for by performing serum calcitonin determinations after provocation with pentagastrin. Postoperative follow-up of the pheochromocytoma disease was performed by blood pressure measurement and determination of urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites. Ten individuals (15.6%) were found to have C-cell disease indicating that they had multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN II) syndromes. Seven of these patients had been diagnosed before the time of follow-up evaluation, 4 because of symptoms and 3 because of the screening procedure. At the systematic follow-up, 3 “new” cases of C-cell disease were diagnosed. As a result of the screening procedure, we found 4 “new” MEN II kindreds. After unilateral adrenalectomy, 7 of the 10 MEN II patients have been followed for more than 7.7 years without signs of recurrent adrenal disease. Our results suggest that the prevalence of MEN II syndromes among pheochromocytoma patients is higher than previously reported. Removal of only grossly evident pheochromocytomas and careful follow-up is a good alternative to routine bilateral adrenalectomy in MEN II patients with pheochromocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654922
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