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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors within aromatase-immunoreactive neurons in the fetal and neonatal rat brain (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Aromatase ; Estrogen receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Brain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We elucidated the anatomical relationship between estrogen receptors and aromatase, the enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, in the fetal and neonatal rat brain by means of double immunohistochemical labeling, using antibodies against rat estrogen receptors and human placental aromatase cytochrome P450. Numerous aromatase-immunoreactive neurons were found in the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus. Estrogen receptors were also abundant in these areas. Most of the aromatase-immunoreactive neurons showed immunoreactivity for estrogen receptors in the medial subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the posterodorsal division of the medial amygdaloid nucleus. There were also many double-labeled cells in the ventromedial nucleus. However, in the medial preoptic area the localization of aromatase-immunoreactive neurons was distinct from that of neurons containing estrogen receptors. These results suggested that estrogens, which are converted from androgens in aromatase-containing neurons, are involved in the sexual differentiation of the brain through estrogen receptors within aromatase-immunoreactive neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus, but through estrogen receptors in aromatase-immunonegative neurons in the medial preoptic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214702
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolecular cyclization via onium salts: a novel synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidines from chloromethyl (trimethylsilyl)methyl sulfide and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 52 (1987), S. 4423-4424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00228a062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation of intra-4f shell luminescence of Yb3+ by energy transfer from Si nanocrystals (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3108-3110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SiO2 films containing Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) and Yb were prepared and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied. For the sample containing nc-Si with an average diameter of 3.1 nm, a weak peak (∼1.26 eV) attributable to the intra-4f shell transition of Yb3+ could be observed at the low-energy side of a broad peak (∼1.4 eV) of nc-Si. The intensity of the 1.26 eV peak was found to depend strongly on the size of nc-Si and increase rapidly with decreasing size. The temperature dependence of the PL spectra was studied. It was found that the degree of temperature quenching of the 1.26 eV peak depends on the size of the nc-Si and becomes small as the size decreases. These results suggest that the band-gap widening of nc-Si due to the quantum size effects is essential to efficiently excite Yb3+ by nc-Si. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122688
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence from B-doped Si nanocrystals (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 7953-7957 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron-doped Si nanocrystals as small as 3.5 nm were prepared and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied. The PL properties were found to be very sensitive to the B concentration. For the sample without B doping the temperature-dependent shift of the PL peak was almost the same as that of the bulk band gap. As the B concentration increased, the temperature dependence deviated from that of the bulk band gap, and the peak exhibited a low-energy shift as the temperature decreased. The anomalous temperature dependence is considered to be due to the contribution of the PL from excitons bound to the neutral B states. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367976
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and immunohistochemical localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in the migratory pathway from the rat olfactory placode (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry in the developing rat olfactory region with special relation to the spatiotemporal location of NCAM, a neural cell adhesion molecule expressed in differentiated neurons, and the calcium-binding protein calbindin D-28k, a marker of neurons migrating from the vomeronasal organ anlage (Y. Toba et al. (2001) J. Neuroendocrinol., 13, 683–694). Both VGLUT2 and NCAM immunoreactivities were first detected at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) in the neuronal cell mass beneath the telencephalic vesicle. After E12.5, VGLUT2-immunoreactive cells were detected in the migratory pathways from both medial and lateral olfactory pits, anlagen of the vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium. Between E15.5 and E19.5, moderate to intense VGLUT2 immunoreactivity was observed in cell clusters situated along NCAM-bearing vomeronasal nerves, and frequently colocalized with calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, VGLUT2 mRNA signals were detected in the clustered cells as well as in cells of the vomeronasal and olfactory epithelium. After E20.5, migrating cells gradually decreased in number and VGLUT2 immunoreactivity attenuated in the clustered cells, although calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in these residual cells was still intense. The presence of intense VGLUT2 immunoreactivity in neurons actively migrating from the olfactory placode suggests that this transporter is involved in the migratory process of these neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03544.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Substance P-immunoreactivity by Estrogen in Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptors in the Anterovental Periventricular Nucleus of Female but not Male Rats (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of gonadal steroids on numbers of neurons containing estrogen receptor (ER) and/or substance P (SP) were examined in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of female and male rats by double-labeling immunohistochemistry employing antibodies specific for ER and SP. Animals were gonadectomized and received subcutaneously either oil alone (Control group), sequential injections of estradiol benzoate and oil (EB + Oil group), or those of EB and progesterone (EB + P group). In the female control rat, a large population of ER-immunoreactive (IR) cells were found clustered throughout the AVPV. They were counted more than 2,000 in total of 4 sections in this nucleus. On the contrary, SP-IR neurons were scarcely observed in the same area of this group. Administration of estrogen to female animals decreased the total number of ER-IR cells to 67% of the control group. In contrast to the supressive effect of estrogen to its own receptor, it induced SP-IR neurons in the AVPV of the female. Approximately 50–80 SP-IR neurons were counted in the 4 sections, and 59% of these neurons expressed ER-IR material in their nuclei. In the female EB + P group, the number of ER-IR neurons also decreased to 79% of the control group. Although the number of SP-IR neurons in this group decreased to 32% of that in the EB + Oil group, a ratio of coexistence of ER-IR material in these neurons increased to 75%. The male control group contained a smaller population of ER-IR cells relative to the female control (1497 vs 2143). SP-IR neurons were rarely observed as were in the female control. Administration of estrogen to the male also decreased the number of ER-IR cells in a manner similar to that in the female. However, unlike the female, the steroid failed to induce the SP-IR neurons in the male.These results demonstrate sexual dimorphism in the AVPV not only in the number of ER-IR neurons but also in the responsiveness of SP neurons to estrogen. They further provide anatomical evidence that a subset of SP neurons are regulated by estradiol in estrogen sensitive neurons in the female rat. The data also suggest that this peptide is involved in mechanisms of luteinizing hormone surge by mediating actions of gonadal steroids in the AVPV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00626.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogenic Induction of NADPH- Diaphorase Activity in the Preoptic Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Female Rat (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nitric oxide and estrogen have been shown to play a critical role in the control of female reproductive function. In order to determine an anatomical relationship between nitric oxide generating neurons and estrogen target neurons, NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry was combined with estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry in the female medial preoptic area. While only a few weakly stained neurons for NADPH-diaphorase were found in ovariectomized control rats, a drastic increase in NADPH-diaphorase activity was observed in the medial preoptic nucleus of estradiol-treated ovariectomized animals. The total number of NADPH-diaphorase neurons in the estradiol-treated group increased three-fold relative to controls, and more than 80% of those neurons contained estrogen receptor-immunoreactivity in their nuclei. Since neuronal NADPH-diaphorase is nitric oxide synthase, the present result suggests that nitric oxide synthase activity can be positively regulated by estradiol in neurons containing estrogen receptor in the female medial preoptic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00624.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological and Cytogenetical Studies on Paramecium polycaryum. V. Lethal Interactions in Certain Stocks (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 11 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Evidence is presented for killer and sensitive animals in Paramecium polycaryum. The killer animals excreted in the culture medium a lethal substance which killed the sensitive animals. The lethal substance was unstable at high temperatures and was completely precipitated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes. Comparative immunity to killing by killer animals was shown to be possessed by some animals of certain sensitive stocks.Attempts to find a cytoplasmic particle comparable to “kappa” in P. aurelia in killer animals were not successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01733.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of surface oxides of gas-evaporated Si small particles with infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5300-5308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oxide layers grown on surfaces of gas-evaporated Si particles as small as 100 A(ring) have been investigated. Results of high-resolution electron microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy show that the native oxide layer (SiOx) is about 20 A(ring) thick and its chemical composition x is around 1.2. When the particles are annealed in air at 400 °C, the thickness of the oxide layers remains almost the same while the composition x increases up to 2 as the annealing time increases. The evolution of the oxide takes place during the first 15 min of annealing. Due to the increase in x, the infrared absorption band in the region of Si-O-Si stretching vibration shifts to higher frequencies and increases in intensity. A comparison of experimental infrared spectra with those calculated by an effective medium theory suggests that the observed large width of the absorption band is caused by the particle aggregation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347022
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement in photoluminescence efficiency of SiO2 films containing Si nanocrystals by P doping: An electron spin resonance study (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1855-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SiO2 and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) films containing Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) as small as a few nanometers were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and photoluminescence (PL), and the correlation between the two measurements was examined. It is shown that the incorporation of nc-Si in SiO2 results in the drastic increase in the ESR signal; the signal is assigned to the Si dangling bonds at the interfaces between nc-Si and matrices (Pb centers). The ESR signal becomes weaker by doping P into SiO2 matrices, i.e., by using PSG as matrices. By increasing the P concentration, the ESR signal decreases further. By decreasing the ESR signal, the low-energy PL peak at 0.9 eV decreases, while the band-edge PL at 1.4 eV increases. These results suggest that the 0.9 eV peak is related to Pb centers, and that the decrease in the density of the Pb centers by P doping brings about an improvement in the band-edge PL efficiency of nc-Si. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372103
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