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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced natriuresis during weightlessness (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 678-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Body fluid regulation ; Circadian rhythm ; Natriuresis ; Natriuretic peptide ; Space flight ; Urodilatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kidney response to weightlessness was measured in one volunteer during a 1-week space mission. Shortly after entering microgravity and later during the mission, consecutive urine sampling periods were monitored, covering in total about 50% of the inflight time. Preflight references were a sequence of ground-based experiments, which evaluated body fluid metabolism with different degrees of standardization. Additional variables, such as circadian rhythms and cortisol-associated stress, were also monitored. In contrast to current hypotheses, the volunteer showed a pronounced reduction in natriuresis and diuresis during the entire space flight, despite a considerable weight loss. For the first time, the urinary excretion of the renal natriuretic peptide urodilatin was also measured. Both, during the preflight experiments and during weightlessness, close correlations between urodilatin excretion and sodium excretion were observed. However, the correlation between natriuresis and urodilatin excretion was considerably altered during weightlessness. We conclude that the loss of body weight during space flight is not related to an increased renal fluid loss and that urodilatin might counteract the decrease in renal excretion observed in weightlessness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209720
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucosal biopsy of vascular ectasia (angiodysplasia) of the large bowel detected during routine colonoscopic examination (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 9 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Between 1975 and 1983, 9434 colonoscopic examinations were performed at the University Hospital of Zürich. Localized vascular ectasia was detected in 84 patients and there were 48 mucosal biopsies from 46 patients. From the total of 48 biopsies only 24 (50%) showed vascular anomalies. The most frequent lesion encountered was groups of thin-walled dilated vessels in the lamina propria seen in 21 biopsies from 20 patients. These dilated vessels are not specific but in respect of age (median 69 years), location (predominantly in the caecum and the ascending colon) and frequent multiplicity, they are suggestive of angiodysplasia. Five of the 20 patients suffered from chronic anaemia due to haemorrhages. The three other positive biopsies (from two patients) revealed a tiny haemangioma in the sigmoid colon of a 28-year-old woman and a few large, thick-walled probably malformed vessels in the mucosa of the caecum of a 17-year-old boy. Twenty-four biopsies did not show any histologically significant vascular anomaly. Mucosal biopsy of vascular lesions detected during routine colonoscopic examination will, if positive, most frequently simply confirm the endoscopically diagnosed vascular ectasia and may in rare cases show or alert suspicion to vascular lesions other than angiodysplasia. Definitive morphological diagnosis will however only rarely be achieved by this method of investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1985.tb02844.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient supply during recent European missions (2000)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 441 (2000), S. R8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Calcium Energy Fluid Microgravity Nutrient requirements Protein Sodium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An inadequate nutrient intake during space flight may compromise the crewmembers' health status. In fact, during recent European missions (D-2, EuroMIR 94 and EuroMIR 95), monitoring of the astronauts' food intake revealed that they had a deficient energy, fluid, and calcium intake and an excessive sodium consumption compared to the dietary reference intakes for earthbound conditions. Inappropriate amounts of these nutrients have a considerable impact on body fluid regulation, the cardiovascular system and on calcium and bone metabolism, especially bone mineral density, which are all stressed by the microgravity environment. Provision of adequate nutrition especially when facing long-term space flights is therefore one of the foremost challenges. Therefore, for the German MIR 97 mission, we considered the data obtained from previous European missions to devise a constant and controlled nutrient intake that matched the earthbound dietary reference intake values in our experiments. Specific markers indicated that bone formation continually declined and bone resorption increased in the MIR 97 astronaut. This suggests that the nutritional criteria chosen for the subjects remaining on Earth may be inadequate for extended space missions. Therefore, more emphasis has to be placed on investigating the effects of a deficient nutrient intake on astronauts during exposure to microgravity, to manage their nutritional care appropriately during long-term missions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240000334
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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