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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 483-491 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words CNS injury ; Adult ganglion cells ; Regeneration ; Visual function ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The mechanisms of neuronal network response to axotomy are poorly understood. In one of the favoured models used to study the fate of injured neurons in the adult rat visual system, appreciable numbers of retinal neurons survive optic nerve injury under conditions of microglia-targeted neuroprotection. Rescued neurons can regenerate their axons and become target-dependently stabilised after reconnection with their natural visual centres by means of a peripheral nerve graft, which, in addition to guidance, actively supports axonal growth. The mechanisms that control regenerative axonal growth and resynaptogenesis include coordinated cell-cell interactions between growing neurites and target cells in order to establish a meaningful reconnectivity. Here the function of the regenerating visual circuitry was first studied by monitoring the ability of animals to discriminate spatial patterns, and second by recording visual evoked cortical potentials (VEPs) in the same animals. These functions were correlated with neuroanatomical studies of the retinotopic organisation of regenerating axons. To achieve these goals, adult rats were behaviourally trained in a Y-maze to discriminate between vertical and horizontal stripes. Both optic nerves were transected, and the regenerating axons of one optic nerve were guided into the area of optic tract with a peripheral nerve graft according to the protocols of neuroprotection and simultaneous grafting, in order to enable large numbers of axons to reinnervate the major visual targets in the midbrain and thalamus. Postoperative testing of the animals showed a marked improvement of visual perception and behaviour. The VEPs of the same animals were measurable indicating a restoration of the visual circuitry including the ascending corticopedal connections. Neuroanatomical assessment of the fibre topography within the graft and the area of termination revealed a rough topographic organisation that may account for restoration of the function. These results suggest that interrupted central pathways can be functionally reconnected by providing a neuroprotective environment in combination with peripheral nerve grafts to by-pass lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: binding assays ; immunosensors ; electrochemical polymerisations ; peptide derivatives ; peptide immobilisation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the first time, antigenic peptides have been immobilised by electrochemical polymerisation after having been modified with a polymerisable functional group. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid was chosen as the novel polymerisable group. The synthetic peptides represent epitopes of the bovine foot and mouth disease virus and of the sodium channel of the cardiac muscle. The polymerisation was performed by applying a constant anodic potential or by cyclic voltammetry. A combination of these two methods was also employed, that is, cyclic voltammetry with a delay at the anodic vertex potential. No additional free phenolic monomer was required for the polymerisation. The layers formed by the polymerisation were recognised by specific antibodies. The specific binding of the antibodies to the polymer film could be demonstrated by ELISA, an enzyme-linked amperometric immunoassay, and electrochemical impedance measurements, as well as by fluorescence-labelled antibodies. A peptide derived from laminine was also immobilised by electrochemical polymerisation. It could be shown that neuroblastoma cells adhere to this layer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 4 (1992), S. 223-231 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Catechols ; modified electrode ; glassy carbon ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glassy carbon electrodes were coated with a copolymer of styrene and maleic acid anhydride. The voltammetric behavior of catechol, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and DOPAC was examined at both bare and coated electrode using cyclic voltammetry and modified differential pulse voltammetry. Electrochemical pretreatment increased peak current of catechol and its derivatives; the polymer coating caused significant decrease of peak currents and shift of peak potentials. The signal of ascorbic acid is greatly suppressed, while that of DOPAC disappears even after polymer coating.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Carbon paste ; Impedance spectroscopy ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Electrochemical pretreatment ; Bovine serum albumin ; Polyethyleneimine ; Kanamycin ; Chitosan glutamate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical properties of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs), including unmodified and modified with protein and polycations, were investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS) using ferricyanide and ferrocene monocarboxylic acid (FcMA) as redox probes. Various electrochemical pretreatments were applied to the unmodified CPE. The heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant of ferro/ferricyanide couple is enhanced by 2 to 10 times compared with that obtained at untreated electrodes. It was found that for ferricyanide the more suitable pretreatments are successive cyclic voltammetric scans, cathodization and a square wave-like stepping rather than high-potential anodization. However, the pretreatment only exhibits a slight effect on the kinetics of FcMA. At the CPEs containing modifier, the electron transfer rate of the redox couple depends more on the pH of electrolyte solution if ferro/ferricyanide is used. The results can be explained by the differently charged states of the CPEs that were caused by the protonation or deprotonation of the modifiers in various pH solutions and demonstrate the importance of the electrostatic interaction on the kinetics of the highly polar species such as ferricyanide. The different adsorptive behavior of ferricyanide and FcMA is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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