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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nosocomial pneumonia ; S. aureus ; Superinfection ; Ciprofloxacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out a prospective, randomized four-center study in nosocomial pneumonia to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens in adult intensive care patients. During the randomized treatment of 18 patients with late onset pneumonia, ciprofloxacin (CIP) was compared to ceftazidim plus gentamicin (CAZ/GM), outbreaks of Staphylococcus aureus infections occurred in center 1. This article reports the unexpected findings. In the CIP group six out of ten patients were superinfected or reinfected with ciprofloxacin-resistant pathogens at the follow-up on day 5 after treatment. Four out of these six patients were superinfected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Four superinfected patients died with pneumonia during treatment or before the follow-up. In the CAZ/GM group one out of eight patients was superinfected with MRSA. One patient died with pneumonia during treatment. There was no problem with multiresistant S. aureus or MRSA before the study period in center 1. In conclusion, we observed outbreaks of S. aureus infections during the treatment of late onset pneumonia with ciprofloxacin, which were associated with a high mortality. These superinfections occurred in mechanically ventilated, postoperative cardiac surgical patients after 13 days in the intensive care unit (ICU). We recommend combining ciprofloxacin with an antibiotic agent active against gram-positive bacteria in ventilator-associated pneumonia after a prolonged ICU stay. Selective pressure of ciprofloxacin could have played a role in these superinfections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a still ongoing open, randomized prospective trial the preliminary data of 50 intensive care patients on artificial ventilation were analysed. The evaluation included clinical and bacteriological efficacy and tolerance of ceftazidime alone or in combination with tobramycin versus azlocillin plus tobramycin. Artifically ventilated patients who had been treated in an intensive care unit for at least five days were selected to enter the study because of a high probability of colonisation with gram-negative bacteria. 16 patients were treated for bronchopulmonary infection with ceftazidime alone, and 17 each were treated with ceftazidime plus tobramycin or with azlocillin plus tobramycin. In the ceftazidime group nine patients were cured and three were improved (75% clinical success). Of the patients treated with ceftazidime plus tobramycin, 11 were cured and one was improved (75% clinical success); one patient died from very severe multiple trauma. In the azlocillin-tobramycin group, six patients were cured and two were improved (57% clinical success). Two patients from this group died from their underlying disease and another died from multiple organ failure due to septicemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer noch laufenden offenen, randomisierten, prospektiven Studie wurden die Daten von 50 Respirator-bedürftigen Intensivpatienten vorab ausgewertet. Untersucht wurden die klinische und bakteriologische Wirksamkeit sowie die Verträglichkeit von Ceftazidim im Vergleich zu der Kombination von Ceftazidim plus Tobramycin versus Azlocillin plus Tobramycin. Wegen der höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer gramnegativen Besiedlung wurden in der Studie die Respirator-bedürftigen Patienten aufgenommen, die sich seit mindestens fünf Tagen in intensivmedizinischer Behandlung befanden. 16 Patienten erhielten wegen bronchopulmonaler Infektionen Ceftazidim, jeweils 17 Patienten erhielten Ceftazidim plus Tobramycin bzw. Azlocillin plus Tobramycin. In der Ceftazidim-Gruppe wurden neun Patienten klinisch geheilt und drei Patienten klinisch gebessert (Therapieerfolg von 75%). In der Gruppe Ceftazidim plus Tobramycin wurden 11 Patienten klinisch geheilt und ein Patient klinisch gebessert (Therapieerfolg von 75%). In dieser Gruppe starb ein Patient an den Folgen eines schwersten Polytraumas. In der Gruppe Azlocillin plus Tobramycin wurden sechs Patienten klinisch geheilt und zwei klinisch gebessert (Therapieerfolg von 57%). In dieser Behandlungsgruppe starben drei Patienten: zwei Patienten verstarben an ihrer Grunderkrankung, ein Patient verstarb an einem Multiorganversagen infolge Sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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