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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Car body alloys and methods of corrosion protection: Aluminium Sheet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 318-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Karosseriewerkstoffe und deren Korrosionsschutz: AluminiumblechDie Aluminiumindustrie liefert heute spezielle, auf das Anforderungsprofil der Karosseriebauteile maßgeschneiderte Karosseriebleche. Wichtigste Legierungstypen sind AlMgSi (fließfigurenfrei, für Außenhaut geeignet) und AlMg (für den Innenbereich). Neben den erreichbaren Gewichtseinsparungen ist es vor allem die sehr gute Langzeitbeständigkeit der lackierten Aluminium-Karosserie, welche diesen Leichtbauwerkstoff als Alternative zu Stahl interessant macht. Voraussetzung ist cine „aluminiumgerechte“ Oberflächenbehandlung, insbesondere eine schichtbildende Phosphatierung vor der Lackierung. Dabei kann Aluminium im Verbund mit Stahl und verzinktem Stahl in vorhandenen Anlagen lackiert werden. Von den „statischen“ Beständigkeitstests eignet sich nur die verschärfte Freibewitterung (VDA 621-414) vorbehaltlos für eine Beurteilung des Korrosionsschutzwertes der fertig lackierten Karosserieoberfläche. Wichtig ist, daß neben der „richtigen“ Legierung und Verarbeitung auch konstruktive Maßnahmen zur Erreichung der geforderten Langzeitbeständigkeit des Gesamtsystems berücksichtigt werden.
    Notes: The aluminium industry supplies various car body sheet qualities tailor-made to meet the requirements of the car producers. The most important alloy types are AlMgSi (free from stretcher-strain markings after forming and hence suited for outer skin) and AlMg (for interior use). In addition to the significant weight savings it is its long service life which makes aluminium an attractive alternative to steel sheets. A prerequisite for good corrosion resistance is a surface treatment optimised for aluminium. This includes the creation of a phosphate surface layer to allow lacquer coating together with steel and galvanized steel on existing lines.The Accelerated Outdoor Exposure Test (VDA 621-414) proved to be the only static corrosion test method suitable for assessing the resistance level of the final lacquered car body. In addition to the proper selection of alloy and surface finishing technique it is important that some aluminium-specific precautions are taken during manufacture if the full long service potential of the material is to be realized.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260608
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outbreaks of Staphylococcus aureus infections during treatment of late onset pneumonia with ciprofloxacin in a prospective, randomized study (1998)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 1327-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nosocomial pneumonia ; S. aureus ; Superinfection ; Ciprofloxacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out a prospective, randomized four-center study in nosocomial pneumonia to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens in adult intensive care patients. During the randomized treatment of 18 patients with late onset pneumonia, ciprofloxacin (CIP) was compared to ceftazidim plus gentamicin (CAZ/GM), outbreaks of Staphylococcus aureus infections occurred in center 1. This article reports the unexpected findings. In the CIP group six out of ten patients were superinfected or reinfected with ciprofloxacin-resistant pathogens at the follow-up on day 5 after treatment. Four out of these six patients were superinfected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Four superinfected patients died with pneumonia during treatment or before the follow-up. In the CAZ/GM group one out of eight patients was superinfected with MRSA. One patient died with pneumonia during treatment. There was no problem with multiresistant S. aureus or MRSA before the study period in center 1. In conclusion, we observed outbreaks of S. aureus infections during the treatment of late onset pneumonia with ciprofloxacin, which were associated with a high mortality. These superinfections occurred in mechanically ventilated, postoperative cardiac surgical patients after 13 days in the intensive care unit (ICU). We recommend combining ciprofloxacin with an antibiotic agent active against gram-positive bacteria in ventilator-associated pneumonia after a prolonged ICU stay. Selective pressure of ciprofloxacin could have played a role in these superinfections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050770
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of heterologous genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG: induction of a cellular response against HIV-1 Nef protein
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 109 (1991), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; Streptomyces albus ; antituberculosis vaccine ; expression cassette ; foreign antigen ; groES/groEL1 operon ; heat-shock promoter ; proliferative response
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(91)90587-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of buffered and plain acetylsalicylic acid formulations with and without ascorbic acid on gastric mucosa in healthy subjects (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The most frequently reported adverse events associated with acetylsalicylic acid intake are minor gastrointestinal complaints. Galenic modifications, such as buffered formulations with or without ascorbic acid, may improve the benefit–risk ratio by decreasing the local mucosal side-effects of acetylsalicylic acid.Aim : To assess endoscopically-proven gastrointestinal lesions and the amount of gastric microbleeding of four different buffered and plain acetylsalicylic acid formulations, one containing paracetamol.Methods : A randomized, four-fold cross-over study was performed in 17 healthy subjects who underwent serial oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy before and after each course of 4-day dosing. Gastric aspirates were collected for the determination of haemoglobin concentrations to detect microbleeding.Results : Buffered acetylsalicylic acid plus ascorbic acid yielded the lowest Lanza score, the lowest increase in the number of mucosal petechiae and the lowest increase in the amount of gastric microbleeding. Subjects receiving acetylsalicylic acid plus paracetamol plus caffeine showed the highest Lanza score of all treatments, and a considerably greater sum of petechiae in the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum compared with those receiving buffered acetylsalicylic acid plus ascorbic acid.Conclusions : The trial confirms that buffering of acetylsalicylic acid improves local gastric tolerability. Acetylsalicylic acid in combination with ascorbic acid shows significantly fewer gastric lesions and the lowest increase in gastric microbleeding compared with the other tested formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01742.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Escherichia coliβ-galactosidase in Mycobacterium bovis BCG using an expression system isolated from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which induced humoral and cellular immune responses (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A promoter sequence, Pan', was isolated from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and characterized. This promoter lies adjacent to, and outside, the 3’end of an IS900 insertion element. IS900 contains an open reading frame, ORF2, on the complementary strand which codes for the putative transposase of this insertion sequence. A DNA fragment containing PAN and part of ORF2 was fused to the lacZ gene and inserted into the replicative shuttle vector pRR3. Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) transformed with this plasmid exhibited β-galactosidase activity. However, lacZ was only expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of Pan, when ORF2 was deleted. Immunization of mice with the recombinant M. bovis BCG expressing lacZ resulted in the induction of a high humoral and cellular response directed against β-galactosidase. The Pan-ORF2 expression system may prove to be particularly useful for cloning and expression of heterologous genes in the BCG vaccine strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02201.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcription and expression analysis, using lacZ and phoA gene fusions, of Mycobacterium fortuitumβ-lactamase genes cloned from a natural isolate and a high-level β-lactamase producer (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 12 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gene encoding a class A β-lactamase was cloned from a natural isolate of Mycobacterium fortuitum (blaF) and from a high-level amoxicillin-resistant mutant that produces large amounts of β-lactamase (blaF). The nucleotide sequences of the two genes differ at 11 positions, including two in the region upstream from the coding sequence. Gene fusions to Escherichia coli lacZ and transcription and expression analysis of the cloned genes in Mycobacterium smegmatis indicated that high-level production of the β-lactamase in the mutant is mainly or wholly due to a single base pair difference in the promoter. These analyses also showed that transcription and translation start at the same position. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of BlaF, as predicted from the nucleotide sequence, with the determined N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated the presence of a typical signal peptide. The fusion of blaF (or biaF) to the E. coli gene phoA resulted in the production of BlaF-PhoA hybrid proteins that had alkaline phosphatase activity. These results demonstrate that phoA can be used as a reporter gene for studying protein export in mycobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01037.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    234. Zur Prognose des perforierten Magen-Duodenal-Ulcus (1979)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 349 (1979), S. 581-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Gastric ulcer ; Duodenal ulcer ; Simple closure ; Magenulcusperforation ; Duodenalulcusperforation ; Übernähung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 82 Patienten wurden zwischen 1968 und 1974 wegen Magen-Duodenal-Ulcusperforation durch Übernähung versorgt. Die postoperative Letalität betrug 12,2 % und zeigte deutliche Abhängigkeit von Lebensalter, Perforationszeit und Dauer der Ulcusanamnesse. Durch den mindestens 3 Jahre zurückliegenden Eingriff wurde bei 59,7 % der Patienten völlige Beschwerdefreiheit erzielt. 17,5 % geben noch Beschwerden an. Bei 22,8 % wurde seitdem eine Magenresektion wegen stärkerer Beschwerden, Magenausgangsstenose und Reperforation durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary Between 1968 and 1974, 82 patients suffering from gastric or duodenal ulcer perforation, have been attended by simple closure. The postoperative mortality was 12.2 % and was clearly dependent on age, time elapsed since perforation and history of the ulcer. By means of the procedure, which had been carried out at least three years previously, 59.7 % of the patients were completely cured. 17.5 % still have symptom. In 22.8 % of the patients suffering from major complaints, pylorostenosis and reperforation, gastric resection was performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01729694
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die tumorerzeugende Wirkung von Zigarettenrauch-Kondensaten an der Mäusehaut (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 73 (1970), S. 285-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Vergleich der tumorerzeugenden Wirkung des Kondensates verschiedener modifizierter Zigaretten aus der gleichen Tabakmischung erbrachte die folgenden Ergebnisse, die stets auf dem Vergleich gleich wirksamer Kondensatmengen beruhen. Die biologische Wirkung des Kondensates wird beim Abrauchen verschieden langer Tabakstränge genau so wenig verändert wie beim Abrauchen von Strangzigaretten auf verschiedene Stummellängen. Durch die untersuchten Celluloseacetatfilter oder Cellulosefilter ist nur die Menge des Kondensates entscheidend beeinflußbar, nicht aber seine tumorerzeugende Wirkung. Der experimentell beobachtete Unterschied zwischen den Wirkungen des Kondensats aus Kohlefilterzigaretten und des Standardkondensats läßt sich statistisch nicht sichern. Ein Zusatz von 2% Diäthylenglykol als Feuchthaltemittel zum Tabak verändert die tumorerzeugenden Eigenschaften des Kondensats nicht. Durch 1% Gallussäure-n-propylester, zum Tabak zugesetzt zur Beeinflussung radikalisch ablaufender Reaktionen beim Abbrand der Zigarette, wird die biologische Aktivität nicht verändert. Durch eine Erhöhung der Tabakfeuchte von 12% auf 20% wird die Wirkung des Kondensates verstärkt, eine Erniedrigung der Feuchte von 12% auf 6% führt dagegen zu keinem anderen Ergebnis. Zigaretten aus der hier untersuchten Tabakfolie führen zu einem Kondensat, das eine entscheidend verminderte tumorerzeugende Wirksamkeit besitzt. Das Kondensat aus Zigaretten, deren Tabak mit Äthanol/Wasser extrahiert wurde, zeigt ebenfalls eine verminderte Aktivität. Der Extrakt hat in der applizierten Dosis keine tumorerzeugende Wirkung. Die hier untersuchte biologische Wirkung war weder mit dem Benzpyrengehalt noch mit dem Phenolgehalt der Kondensate so stark korreliert wie dies in der Literatur mehrfach angegeben wird. Möglicherweise gestattet der Gehalt des Kondensates an sogenannter Nitromethanfraktion einen Hinweis auf die biologische Aktivität des Kondensates.
    Notes: Summary In comparing the tumorigenic activity of tobacco smoke condensate of different modified cigarettes of the same tobacco blend on the basis of quantities producing the same effect the following results could be stated: The biological activity of the condensate is as urchanged during smoking of different long tobacco rods as during smoking of plain cigarettes of different butt lengths. Only the quantity of condensate is decisively influenced by the investigated cellulose acetate filters or cellulose filters but not its tumorigenic activity. Experimentally observed differences between the effect of the condensate from cigarettes with charcoal filters and of standard condensate is statistically not significant. The tumor-inducing activity of the condensate is not altered by adding 2% diethyleneglycole to the tobacco as humectant. The biological effect is not altered by adding 1% gallic acid-n-propylester to the tobacco; this compound was expected to be a scavenger for free radicals during burning of the cigarette. By increasing tobacco moisture from 12% to 20% the activity of the condensate is intensified; by reducing tobacco moisture from 12% to 6% no difference could be noted. Cigarettes made from reconstituted tobacco sheets produce a condensate with significantly decreased tumor-inducing effect. The condensate made from cigarettes, the tobacco of which was extracted with ethanol/water, shows a reduced activity. The extract has no tumor-inducing effect in the applied dosage. The investigated biological activity was neither as strong in correlation with the benzpyrene contents nor with the phenol contents of the condensate as repeatedly stated in the literature. Possibly, the contents of condensate of the so-called nitromethanefraction is an indicator for a biological activity of the condensate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00524408
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Syncarcinogenese (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 87 (1976), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 3400 weibliche NMRI-Mäuse erhielten zweimal wöchentlich Gemische von elf verschiedenen, carcinogenen und nicht carcinogenen PAH auf die geschorene Rückenhaut getropft; die mengenmäßige Zusammensetzung der Kohlenwasserstoffgemische entsprach dabei den Verhältnissen, die bei der Analyse von Zigarettenrauchkondensat, Automobilabgaskondensat und Räucherkammerruß und -teer gefunden worden waren. Antagonistische Wirkungen der PAH untereinander hinsichtlich ihrer Carcinogenität ließen sich dabei nicht feststellen; vielmehr zeigte sich ein additives Verhalten der einzelnen Substanzen. Die unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung der Gemische entsprechend den o.e. Vergleichsmedien führte nicht zu qualitativen Wirkungsveränderungen.
    Notes: Summary A mixture of 11 carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic hydrocarbons was applied to the shorn skin of the back of 3400 female NMRI-mice. The proportion of the hydrocarbons in the mixture corresponded to the analytical findings in condensates of cigarette smoke, automobil exhaust gas, and preservation curing smoke and tar. Antagonistic effects by the individual hydrocarbons in the mixture were not observed, on the contrary the substances in the mixture showed additive effects. There were no differences in the mode of action of the different mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die tumorerzeugende Wirkung von Zigarettenrauch-Kondensaten an der Mäusehaut (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 73 (1970), S. 265-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An einem großen Tiermaterial wurden die Dosis/Wirkungsbeziehungen des Zigarettenrauchkondensats bei der Tumorinduktion im Bereich der Mäusehaut untersucht. Die gefundene schwach carcinogene Wirkung des Kondensats einer Standardzigarette wird an Hand von Vergleichen mit Versuchsgruppen, die mit Benzpyren behandelt wurden, interpretiert. Das Versuchsergebnis zeigt eine weitgehende Linearität der Dosis/Wirkungsbeziehung (standardisierte Häufigkeiten über den Logarithmus der Dosis) sowohl bei Berücksichtigung aller Tumoren als auch der Carcinome allein. Der Versuch ließ erkennen, daß die carcinogene Wirkung entscheidend durch die Dosis bestimmt ist. Beim Vergleich mit den Kontrollen konnte gezeigt werden, daß lediglich die an der Haut aufgetretenen Tumoren durch die Behandlung mit Kondensat ausgelöst wurden. Die bei dem verwendeten Tierstamm vorhandene Spontanrate, z. B. der malignen Lymphome bzw. Leukämien oder Lungenadenome sowie anderer Tumoren oder Spontanerkrankungen, wurde durch die Kondensatbehandlung nicht beeinflußt. Die mit Kondensat behandelten Tiere zeigten im Vergleich zu den mit 12 μg Benzpyren behandelten Tieren eine eindeutig niedere Tumorhäufigkeit bei wesentlich längerer Tumorinduktionszeit und mittlerer Überlebenszeit. Auch die Metastasenhäufigkeit war bei den mit Kondensat behandelten Tieren geringer. Beim Vergleich der klinisch. d. h. während des Lebens der Tiere diagnostizierten Hauttumoren mit den Obduktionsbefunden konnte bei 6,6% der Versuchstiere eine “Regression” von Hautpapillomen nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary The dose-response-relationship of cigarette smoke condensate with regard to tumor induction on the mouse skin was investigated at a large number of animals. The ascertained weak carcinogenic activity of a reference cigarette condensate is interpreted on the basis of comparing the same with control groups treated with benzpyrene. Results of experiments show a largely linear dose-response-relationship (standardized frequency on the logarithm of the dose) not only with respect to all tumors but also concerning carcinomas alone. Experiments proved that the carcinogenic effect is decisively determined by the dose. In comparing results of experimental animals with those of controls it could be demonstrated that only skin tumors were induced by treatment with smoke condensate. The existing spontaneous tumor rate of e. g. malignant lymphomas, leukemias or lung adenomas as well as other tumors or spontaneous diseases was not influenced in the mouse strain by treatment with condensate. The animals treated with smoke condensate showed an essential lower tumor frequency at distinct longer tumor induction time and mean survival time than animals treated with 12 μg benzpyrene. The frequency of metastases was lower in animals treated with condensate than treated with benzpyrene. Comparing clinically diagnosed skin tumors, i. e. during animal life, with post-mortem findings, a regression of skin papillomas could be demonstrated in 6.6% of experimental animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00524407
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