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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymhistochemische, histometrische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen von Milzen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 303-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Vinylchloride-disease ; Splenomegaly ; Electron microscopy ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Morphometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch histometrische, enzymhistochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, da\ die pathologischen MilzverÄnderungen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit nicht durch hepatisch bedingte Pfortaderdruckerhöhung verursacht werden, sondern auf einer Gewebsalteration durch das Vinylchlorid oder dessen Metabolite beruhen. Dabei sind vor allem die faserbildenden Zellen der Milz beteiligt. Faserassoziierte Reticulumzellen in der roten Pulpa und fibroblastische Reticulumzellen in der wei\en Pulpa werden zu übermÄ\iger Bindegewebsneubildung stimuliert. Hierdurch kommt es in der roten Pulpa zur bindegewebigen Verödung der FiltrationsrÄume mit einer Reduzierung der Pulpastrangmakrophagen und in der wei\en Pulpa zu einer Vernarbung der periarteriellen Lymphscheiden. Die Folgen dieser Fibrosierungsprozesse sind charakteristische VerÄnderungen in der quantitativen Zusammensetzung der Gewebskomponenten, die sich deutlich von denjenigen in Milzen bei Lebercirrhose und Milzvenenthrombose unterscheiden.
    Notes: Summary By means of histometric, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations it was demonstrated that the pathological changes in the spleen in vinylchloride-disease are primary. Fibroblastic cells are the only specific splenic cells involved. Fibre-associated reticulum cells of the red pulp and fibroblastic reticulum cells in white pulp are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of the extracellular elements of connective tissue, especially collagen fibrils. The newly formed connective tissue causes obliteration of extracellular blood channels in the red pulp and thus a reduction in the number of pulp-cord macrophages, and scarring of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths. The results of this fibrosing process are characteristic quantitative changes in the splenic histologic structures. These changes are different from those structural alterations occuring in spleens following extrasplenic hemodynamic changes, such as thrombosis of the splenic veins or cirrhosis of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427061
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    143. Die Autotransplantation der Milz: Erste klinische Erfahrungen (1981)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 355 (1981), S. 532-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Splenic rupture ; Autotransplantation ; Operative technique ; Phagocytosis ; Milzruptur ; Autotransplantation der Milz ; Operationstechnik ; Phagocytose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit April 1980 wurde bei 8 polytraumatisierten Patienten (6–43 Jahre) die Milz wegen einer ausgedehnten Ruptur entnommen und nach einer neuen Technik in das Omentum majus transplantiert. Der zusätzliche Zeitaufwand betrug etwa 15 min. Komplikationen als Folge der Transplantation traten nicht auf. 4 Monate postoperativ hatten sich Immunelektrophorese, Howell-Jolly-Körper und „pitted” Erythrocyten normalisiert. Ein Szintigramm mit99mTc-Human-Serum-Albumin-Millimikrosphären bewies in allen Fällen die Phagocytose und Proteolyse des Transplantats, so daß ein ausreichender Infektschutz zu erwarten ist.
    Notes: Summary Since April 1980 the ruptured spleen has been removed in eight patients (6–43 years old) and reimplanted into the omentum majus using a new operative technique. This procedure took about 15 min, and there were no complications. Four months after the operation electrophoresis of immunglobulins, Howell-Jolly bodies, and ‘pitted’ RBCs were totally normalized. A99mTc scan with human albumin-millimicrospheres proved an intact phagocytosis and ingestion by the transplant. Therefore, good protection against infections can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01286973
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ätiologie der Thrombozytopenie bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit (1977)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 35 (1977), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Spleen ; Thrombocytopenia ; Vinylchloride disease ; Milz ; Thrombozytopenie ; Vinylchlorid-Krankheit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Thrombozytopenie stellt bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit oft ein Frühsymptom dar. Sie ist auf Grund morphologischer Untersuchungen als splenogen anzusehen. Hierbei spielt neben einer Splenomegalie ein Umbau der Struktur der Filtrationsräume in der roten Pulpa mit Veränderung der Mikrozirkulation eine entscheidende Rolle. Diese Faktoren bewirken durch vermehrte Speicherung und gesteigerten Abbau eine Verminderung der Thrombozytenzahlen im peripheren Blut.
    Notes: Summary Thrombocytopenia is often one of the first signs of vinylchloride disease. Morphological investigations showed that it is caused by splenic alterations. Besides splenomegaly, there are significant structural changes in the red pulp cords affecting the microcirculation. These quantitative and qualitative alterations cause increased platelet pooling and increased destruction of platelets, which result in a decrease in thrombocytes in the peripheral blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996144
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the sinus and venous walls of the human spleen with special reference to the sinus-venous connections (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 519-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human spleen ; Sinus lining cells ; Pulp veins ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sinus and venous walls of normal human spleens were studied with enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Particular attention was paid to the connections between sinuses and veins. Histochemically the sinus lining cells revealed a distinct naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase activity but no reaction for alkaline phosphatase. Venous endothelial cells were positive for the latter but negative for the former enzyme. In the sinusvenous junctional area there were no endothelial cells with reactivity for both enzymes. Electron microscopically both the sinus lining cells and the venous endothelial cells could be clearly characterized and therefore easily distinguished from one another on morphological grounds. There were no clear ultrastructural indications of transitional forms between sinus lining cells and venous endothelial cells in the sinus-venous area. According to these findings, sinus lining cells represent a specialized endothelium, but one with practically no morpholgical similarities to the venous endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218497
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of the dendritic reticulum cell (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 279-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Germinal center reaction ; Dendritic reticulum cell ; Rabbit spleen ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To obtain more information concerning the origin of dendritic reticulum cells, the development of germinal centers in the spleens of rabbits was investigated by conventional light microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Washed sheep erythrocytes were used as antigen. Splenic tissue was examined on the 13th, 18th, 21st, 27th and 48th day after antigen administration. Electron microscopic investigations revealed transitional forms between typical fibroblastic reticulum cells, which formed the framework of the entire splenic white pulp, and typical dendritic reticulum cells. During this transformation, the enzyme histochemical pattern of alkaline phosphatase disappeared and a positive alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction appeared in the transformed cells. On the basis of these findings, it is highly likely that dendritic reticulum cells develop through transformation of fibroblastic reticulum cells during the development of germinal centers in rabbit spleens. The characteristic folding of the surface membrane of dendritic reticulum cells is probably caused by the conspicuous increase in size of the Golgi apparatus, the detachment of vesicles, and the uptake of such vesicles by the cell membrane observed electron microscopically during the cellular transformation. Receptors that are of significance in antigen trapping might reach the cell surface in this manner, i.e., with the Golgi vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237632
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdigitating cells in the white pulp of the human spleen (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 415-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen (human) ; Periarteriolar lymphocytic sheath ; Reticular cell ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interdigitating cells are demonstrated as a special type of fixed cell in the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths of the human spleen. These cells show typical ultrastructural features as well as a characteristic enzyme histochemical pattern that distinguish them from other reticular cells in the splenic white pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229168
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies of the innervation of the human spleen (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 225-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human spleen ; Splenic innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of four normal human spleens was investigated by electron microscopy. Unmyelinated nerve fibers accompanied the arterial vascular system up to the arterioles of the red pulp. Neither myelinated nerve fibers nor ganglion cells were seen in the splenic hilum or in the splenic tissue itself. The nerve fibers terminated against the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels in a manner that is typical of the autonomic nervous system. The terminal axons contained small and large granular vesicles and thus were adrenergic nerve fibers. In contrast to the results of previous studies using silver impregnation methods innervation of the red or white pulp could not be demonstrated. The findings on human spleens agree with those on mammalian spleens obtained by other authors using ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223070
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular junctions of sinus lining cells in the human spleen (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Sinus lining cells ; Desmosomes ; Intercellular junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 13 normal and pathological human spleens were studied by electron microscopy. In four cases (1 chronic myeloid leukemia, 1 haemolytic anaemia, 1 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 traumatic capsular lesion) intercellular junctions between sinus lining cells were found. These included tight junctions, “close junctions”, and intermediate junctions. There were no desmosomes. Such intercellular junctions have not been observed previously in human spleens and occur only rarely. They are thus unevenly distributed. This indicates that they probably do not impede the migration of cells through the sinus wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224544
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme histochemical observations on the localization and structure of the T cell and B cell regions in the human spleen (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 167-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen (human) ; T and B cell regions ; Localization ; Enzyme cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capacity of certain B-lymphocytes to bind complement (demonstrated by erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes, EAC) was used as a marker of the B-lymphocyte regions of the human white splenic pulp. This was carried out on cryostat sections in order to correlate enzyme histochemical findings (5-nucleotidase, ATPase, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, alkaline phosphatase) to immunological functions. EAC were typically found in the follicle centers and marginal zone, whereas periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths remained negative. The enzyme histochemical patterns of lymphocytes and reticulum cells allowed a clear distinction between areas with and those without EAC-binding. This was shown most clearly when the following enzymes were demonstrated in combination: 5-nucleotidase (5-Nase) + alkaline phosphatase, ATPase + acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase + acid phosphatase. 5-Nase correlated best to EAC-positive areas with a positive reaction in follicle wall lymphocytes and dendritic reticulum cells, whereas periarteriolar sheaths contained no 5-Nase-positive structures. Reticulum cells around periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths at the margin of the red splenic pulp showed a particularly strong alkaline phosphatase reaction. The reticulum cells of the areas containing B-lymphocytes and those of the EAC-negative periarteriolar regions, which probably contain T-lymphocytes, were specifically labeled for different sets of enzymes. These findings suggest that specialized, morphologically different reticulum cells may be the “guide rails” for the different freely circulating lymphocyte populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223162
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