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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 41 (1952), S. 251-252 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 13 (1957), S. 469-471 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A particularly efficient removal of urea and similar substances by dialysis in an artificial kidney is obtained if both blood and dialyzing liquid are allowed to flow in countercurrent through channels a few hundredths of a mm thick and separated from each other by a membrane about 1/100 of a mm thick. In order practically to realize the flow required, about two thousand of these narrow channels, each of a length of about 2 cm, are arranged parallel to form a capillary net system. Four elements, each consisting of 2000 narrow channels, are needed in order to obtain a clearance of 80 ml/min. The quantity of blood needed to fill the elements is about 5 cm3 for each element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 1213-1213 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The release call which is uttered by Bufo ♂♂ in connection with specific movements can also be evoked in the ♀♀ ofBufo calamita. This is indicative of homology of the male release call and the usually silent release movements of the ♀♀.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 475-476 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential predation on tadpoles by newts (Triturus). 4 EuropeanTriturus species (T. alpestris, T. cristatus, T. helveticus, T. vulgaris) feed upon the tadpoles of the following Anura species which occur in sympatry with the newts:Rana esculenta, R. temporaria andBombina variegata. OnlyTriturus cristatus prey also upon the tadpoles ofBufo bufo andB. calamita. Triturus alpestris, T. helveticus andT. vulgaris do not eat anyBufo tadpoles. Even larvae ofTriturus alpestris prey upon tadpoles ofRana esculenta, R. ridibunda andBombina variegata but avoid tadpoles ofBufo calamita.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Addition of polyelectrolytes, in particular of the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, makes it possible to obtain for the use in artificial kidneys dialyzing liquids which are in thermodynamic equilibrium with blood, both with respect to salts and water, or which even permit removal of water from the blood, as well as urea and related substances (the dialyzing liquid being at will hypertonic with respect to blood), the salt content of blood remaining in all these cases unaffected. These dialyzing liquids might be particularly useful for cases combined with oedema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 10 (1972), S. 93-98 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tadpoles ofBufo calamita, a species that spawns in little temporary pools, were tested on intra- and interspecific crowding-effects. Water was conditioned by tadpoles of the following species:Bufo calamita (tadpoles of different age),Alytes obstetricans, Bombina variegata, Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Rana lessonae, R. ridibunda andR. temporaria. Tadpoles ofBufo calamita are most sensitive to water conditioned by older tadpoles of the own species during the first 2–3 weeks of development. They are also strongly inhibited by tadpoles ofRana temporaria andBufo bufo (that, as a rule, do not occur in the same habitat). Relative little effects are observed in water conditioned by tadpoles of the two species that occur very often in ecological sympatry withBufo calamita: Hyla arborea andBombina variegata. Young tadpoles ofBufo calamita are most tolerant of tadpoles of the same age of the own species. The crowding-effect increases with the number and weight of tadpoles/volume conditioning the water. In the age of 2–3 weeks the sensibility to intra- and interspecific crowding-effects fades. Thus inBufo calamita the age specific sensibility to crowding-effects in tadpoles may act as a density regulation mechanism in temporary pools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Kunstweiher aufgezogene Kaulquappen von Rana temporaria fressen in der Versuchsanordnung von Abb. I den Laich folgender sympatrischer Anuren-Arten: Rana temporaria (Kannibalismus), Rana esculenta, Rana ridibunda, Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Bombina variegata und Hyla arborea (Laichräubern). — Daß die Kaulquappen der früh im Jahr laichenden Rana temporaria später gelegten arteigenen und artfremden Laich fressen, wirkt als Selektionsdruck in folgende Richtungen: Rana temporaria züchtet sich selbst eine kurze Laichzeit. Spät in seichtem Wasser laichende Arten werden im Biotop von Rana temporaria unterdrückt (Bombina variegata, Bufo calamita, Hyla arborea). Rana esculenta, Rana ridibunda und Bufo bufo sind dem Laichräubern durch Kaulquappen wenig ausgesetzt, weil sie in größeren Wassertiefen laichen. Zudem ist Bufo bufo ebenfalls ein Frühlaicher. Alytes obstetricans steht außer Konkurrenz, weil er die Eier nicht ins Wasser setzt. — Untersuchungen über die Biotoppräferenzen und Laichzeiten der betroffenen Arten bestätigen diese Interpretation.
    Notes: Summary Tadpoles of Rana temporaria which have been raised in an artificial pond prey in the experimental situation shown in Fig. 1 upon the spawn of the following sympatric European Anura species: Rana temporaria (cannibalism), Rana esculenta, Rana ridibunda, Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Bombina variegata and Hyla arborea (predation). — Rana temporaria is an early breeder. Thus selection pressure acts in the following ways: Rana temporaria establishes for itself an explosive breeding pattern. Species which breed later in the year in shallow water are suppressed in the biotope of Rana temporaria and develop other biotope preferences (Bombina variegata, Bufo calamita, Hyla arborea). Rana esculenta, Rana ridibunda and Bufo bufo spawn in deeper water. Therefore they are scarcely exposed to the tadpoles of Rana temporaria. Moreover Bufo bufo, too, is an early breeder. Alytes obstetricans laying no spawn in the water is not endangered. — An analysis of biotope preferences and breeding times of the species involved confirms these interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 273 (1953), S. 148-154 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 243-244 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The flowering speed in the aqueous humor of the eye of man and rabbit is the same (Kinsey, Grant, andCogan). The exchange of half of the aqueous humor in an anæsthetized eye takes place in approximately 2·7 minutes. Under normal conditions, resistance changes in the capillary system may widely influence the water-exchange rate. The exchange between lens and vitreous humor is very small and depends upon the condition of the protein structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 6 (1950), S. 276-278 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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