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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglienzellen und paraganglionäre Zellen des Ganglion cervicale superius der Ratte nach Parachlorophenylalanin (pCPA) (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglion ; Rat ; p-Chlorophenylalanine ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Catecholamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Parachlorophenylalanin (pCPA) auf die paraganglionären Zellen und sympathischen Ganglienzellen des Ganglion cervicale superius der Ratte wurde untersucht. pCPA beeinflußt die sympathischen Nervenzellen im Ganglion cervicale superius geringgradig. Es finden sich unspezifische Veränderungen des Golgi-Apparates und der Nissl-Schollen sowie eine Zunahme von Lysosomen. Bei langdauernder Behandlung degenerieren einzelne Ganglienzellen und Nervenfasern. Die paraganglionären Zellen sind bei Kontrolltieren durch “dense core vesicles” eines einheitlichen Typs charakterisiert. Im Laufe der pCPA-Behandlung finden sich degranulierte paraganglionäre Zellen. Die Degranulation der einzelnen Zellelemente ist jedoch variabel. Bei fluorescenzmikroskopischer Untersuchung zeigt sich nach pCPA-Applikation eine Verschiebung des Fluorescenzspektrums zum grünen Bereich hin. Die bei Kontrollen deutliche Gelbkomponente nimmt nach 6–12 Tagen ab und verschwindet schließlich nach 18–20 Tagen. Es wird diskutiert, ob die fluorescenzmikroskopischen Veränderungen aufgrund einer Hemmung der Serotoninsynthese oder aufgrund einer abgeschwächten Katecholaminsynthese entstehen.
    Notes: Summary The effect of parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA) on the paraganglionic and sympathetic nerve cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion was studied. pCPA influences the sympathetic nerve cells of the cervical ganglion to minimal extent. Unspecific changes of the Golgi apparatus and of the Nissl bodies as well as an increase in the number of lysosomes occur. An extended period of treatment causes degeneration of individual ganglionic cells and nerve fibers. The paraganglionic cells in control animals are characterized by dense core vesicles of an unitary type. During pCPA treatment degranulated paraganglionic cells are to be found. The degranulation of the individual cell elements varies. Fluorescence microscopic study after pCPA application shows a shift of the fluorescence spectrum toward green. The yellow component of the control group decreases after 6 to 12 days and disappears after 18 or 20 days. It is discussed whether the fluorescence microscopic changes are due to the inhibition of serotonine synthesis or to a decrease of the catecholamine synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519867
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evidence for extrinsic and intrinsic opioid systems in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion (1986)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 174 (1986), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: α-neo-endorphin ; Dynorphin A ; Leu-enkephalin ; Superior cervical ganglion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of the opioid peptides α-neo-endorphin (α-neo-END), dynorphin A (DYN) and leu-enkephalin (leu-ENK) in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion (SCG) was studied following central denervation, peripheral axotomy, and after application of the depleting drug reserpine and of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. The paraganglionic cells of the SCG are shown to form an intrinsic opioid — (α-neo-END, DYN, leu-ENK) — immunoreactive system being not visibly responsive to the experimental procedures. Leu-ENK-immunoreactive fibres ascend in the preganglionic trunk and supply fibre baskets to defined clusters of postganglionic neurones. Principal ganglion cells of the SCG containing α-neo-END-and DYN-immunoreactivity project to extraganglionic targets via the postganglionic nerves. These findings are indicative of a sympathetic α-neo-END-ergic and DYN-ergic innervation of effector organs. They also point to a modulatory function of opioids on neuronal activity in a paravertebral ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698790
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of guanethidine on paraganglionic cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat (1975)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 148 (1975), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglion ; Paraganglionic cells ; Rat ; Guanethidine ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paraganglionic cells in the rat superior cervical ganglion were investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy following treatment with guanethidine for 5–30 days. Control animals received saline and guanidine. Fluorescence cytophotometric measurements revealed a general decrease in the catecholamine content of paraganglionic cells in guanethidine-treated animals. However a few cell clusters showed focal increases. Similarly by electron microscopy there was a general decrease in the number of dense core vesicles in the majority of paraganglionic cells with a minority of cell clusters showing increases.—guanethidine—as well as guanidine—treated animals showed non-specific cytological alterations such as mitochondrial swelling and increase of cytoplasmic glycogen. However no changes of catecholamine contents and of dense core vesicles were noted in control animals. These results confirm the conception that in rat paraganglionic cells the dense core vesicles are the main storage site of catecholamines. The marked difference in the response of some cell clusters to the experimental treatment can be considered as evidence of functional heterogeneity of this cell population in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315565
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Heart (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 527 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26996.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraganglionic cell response to chronic imipramine and handling stress: an ultrastructural study (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 79 (1990), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Imipramine ; stress ; ultrastructure ; superior cervical ganglion ; paraganglionic cells ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure and connectivity of monoamine-storing paraganglionic cells in the rat superior cervical ganglion were investigated following chronic treatment with imipramine (Tofranil, Ciba-Geigy) and compared with uninjected unhandled controls and saline injected animals. The study reveals a significant decrease in the number of dense core vesicles in the drug-treated group (P〈0.001) which is regarded as a specific effect due to receptor blocking actions of imipramine. A significant reduction in the maximum diameter of the external rim and internal cores of the vesicles (P〈0.05) in the drug-treated group is mimicked to a certain extent by saline injections, indicating a mixed effect of stress handling and specific alteration. Although the paraganglionic cell morphology is unaltered in the group comparisons, the interrelationship of the paraganglionic cells to surrounding neural processes is significantly altered in both the control versus saline and the control versus drug group comparisons (P〈0.05). The drug- and saline-induced alterations of neural connectivity may reflect stress-induced general changes demonstrating the plasticity of the paraganglionic cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245128
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptide Y in the guinea pig medulla oblongata (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 85 (1986), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was correlated with those of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) by mapping serial 7 μm paraffin sections at three levels of the guina pig lower brainstem: a) area postrema, b) dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and c) nucleus prepositus of the hypoglossal nerve. Based on differences in transmitter expression, three populations of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were distinguished: NPY-IR catecholaminergic cells (NPY/CA), NPY-IR VIP-ergic cells (NPY/VIP), and NPY-IR cells which were not reactive to either DBH or VIP. Within these populations, size differences among neurons in characteristic locations allowed differentiation among the following subpopulations: NPY/CA neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus — magnocellular part (mean neuronal size 538 μm2) and parvocellular part (318 μm2)-, in the vagus-solitarius complex (433 μm2), and in the dorsal strip (348 μm2); NPY/VIP neurons in the vagus-solitarius complex (368 μm2) and in the nucleus ovalis (236 μm2). Apart from scattered NPY-IR cell bodies in the regions listed above, NPY-IR cell bodies in the lateral portion of the nucleus solitarius and in the caudal part of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve did not exhibit IR to either DBH or VIP. NPY-IR neurons in the area postrema occurred too infrequently for co-localization studies. The differential distribution of heterogeneous NPY-IR cell subpopulations may reflect the involvement of NPY in a variety of neuronal functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493485
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of biogenic polypeptides in nerve cells and fibres of the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion after perturbations (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 88 (1988), S. 287-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry of peptide-and dopamine-β-hydroxylase-(DBH)-containing varicose nerve fibres and ganglion cells, respectively, in the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion was investigated followinga) transsection of mesenteric (colonic) branches,b) transsection of central (lumbar splanchnic, intermesenteric and hypogastric) branches, andc) transplantation into the spleen. The findings indicate that pathways of different opioid peptides are not identical Met-enkephalin-and met-enkephalin-arg-phe-(cleavage products from pre-proenkephalin) containing fibres course in central branches to make contact in the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Dynorphin-and α-neo-endorphin-(deriving from pre-prodynorphin) containing fibers as well as leu-enkephalin-(included in the dynorphin sequence) fibres appear to rise not only from central and from enteric somata, but also from intraganglionic noradrenergic neurons. Similar pathways seem to be used by VIP-and by neurotensin-immunoreactive cell bodies are rare. Practically all substance P-and most CGRP-immunoreactive fibres enter the ganglion via central branches and, to a large extent, traverse it, but some CGRP-immunoreactive influx appears to come from the intestine. The origin of intraganglionic substance P-and CGRP-immunoreactive fibres after ganglion transplantation remained unidentified. Somatostatin-and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibres predominantly have an intraganglionic origin as have DBH-immunoreactive noradrenergic fibres. The demonstrated alterations in neuropeptide immunoreactivity of intraganglionic and periganglionic nerve fibres following the applied transsection procedures contribute to the present knowledge on origin and destination of peptidergic transmitter segments in the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion. Moreover, the present study provides evidence that intrinsic participitation in intraganglionic fibre supply is more extensive than hitherto believed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570286
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of the guinea-pig trachea using an anti-idiotypic antibody recognizing substance P receptors (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The airways receive a dense innervation from sensory neurons containing substance P (SP). An anti-SP anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id ab) recognizing SP receptors was previously characterized pharmacologically and proved to be useful in immunohistochemistry of the central nervous system. This antibody was used to localize SP binding sites in the guinea-pig trachea by immunohistochemistry. Immunolabelling was considered as specific when it could be prevented by a) preabsorption of the anti-Id ab with a C-terminal specific monoclonal anti-SP antibody, and b) preincubation of the tissue sections with either of the tachykinins, substance P and neurokinin A, in the presence of the inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase, phosphoramidon, and addition of these compounds into the antibody incubation medium. Moreover, immunofluorescence was absent when the acetone-fixed of fresh frozen sections were exposed to the detergent Tween 20 prior to immunohistochemistry, which points to a membrane localization of the detected tissue antigen, as expected for SP receptors. Compared with previous reports on autoradiographic localization of SP receptors in the guinea-pig trachea, the present immunohistochemical approach proved to be superior in enabling discrimination of labelled elements: Trachealis muscle, cylindrical epithelial cells and some roundish, singly lying cells in the epithelium and subepithelial lamina propria displayed specific immunofluorescence. These morphological findings match well with the known pharmacological actions of SP on the guinea-pig trachea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal pathways in the guinea-pig lumbar sympathetic ganglia as revealed by immunohistochemistry (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and peptide-immunoreactivity of postganglionic neurons and of nerve fibres in guinea pig lumbar paravertebral sympathetic ganglia 2–4 after transection of the communicating rami and the visceral branches, respectively, were investigated by single-and double-labelling techniques. Six subpopulations of postganglionic neurons were discriminated immunohistochemically: two cell types, which were immunoreactive to only one of the applied antisera — TH, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP); and four cell types in which immunoreactivity was colocalized — TH/neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY/VIP, dynorphin/α-neoendorphin and dynorphin (α-neoendorphin)/NPY. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells dependent on their location exhibited differential immunobehaviour to NPY-/dynorphin-(α-neoendorphin-) and TH-antisera. Immunoreactivity to substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), met-enkephalin-arg-phe (MEAP) and leu-enkephalin was present in nerve fibres but not in postganglionic neurons with frequent colocalization of SP/CGRP- and MEAP/leu-enkephalin- and, sometimes leu-enkephalin/SP- and dynorphin/SP-immunoreactivity. TH-immunoreactive intraganglionic nerve fibres were numerically more increased after cutting the visceral branches, than after transection of the communicating rami. Vice versa, NPY-, VIP-, dynorphin- and α-neoendorphin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were particularly increased in number after cutting the communicating rami. Many but not all of the nerve fibres exhibited colocalization of two of these peptides. SP-, CGRP-, and enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were not visibly affected by cutting the visceral branches but virtually disappeared after lesioning the communicating rami.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266416
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglion cells and paraganglionic cells in the developing superior cervical ganglion of normal and p-chlorophenylalanine treated rats (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglion ; Rat ; Catecholamines ; p-Chlorophenylalanine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ganglion cells and paraganglionic (PG) cells in the developing rat superior cervical ganglion were studied following postnatal treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) for 5 to 8 days. Litter mates, injected with saline solution, served as controls. Ganglion cells of control animals were differentiated ultrastructurally according to L. Eränkö (1972 a) into late sympathicoblasts and young sympathetic nerve cells. In both maturation stages treatment with pCPA caused marked swelling of mitochondria, concomitant with minor changes of other cell organelles. Parallel to the ultrastructural alterations, fluorescence microscopy and cytophotometry revealed a slight diminution of diffuse fluorescence intensity in sympathetic neurons as the expression of a mainly extragranular amine depletion. In distinction from ganglion blocking agents the alterations are regarded as a general toxic effect of pCPA upon maturing sympathetic neurons, which secondarily influences catecholamine storage sites. Following treatment with pCPA, in PG-cells an alteration of mitochondria was scarcely to recognize. Specific granules were distinctly decreased in number, in some cases to an almost complete degree. Concordant to ultrastructural observations a marked diminution of fluorescence intensity was demonstrable in SIF-cells. In addition in these elements the fluorescence spectrum shifted towards the green field. Fluorescence cytophotometric evaluations confirmed the optical impression. Provided, that PG-cells, demonstrated with electron microscopy, are identical with SIF-cells in fluorescence microscopy, the results are discussed on the basis of a specific decrease of primary catecholamines due to an enzyme inhibition involved in catecholamine synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221731
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