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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal exposure to a damp building mould, Stachybotrys chartarum, induces lung inflammation in mice by satratoxin-independent mechanisms (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Stachybotrys chartarum is a damp building mould and a potent toxin producer that has been related to serious cases of respiratory health problems. However, the direct link between exposure and health symptoms has not been established.Objective To examine the mechanism by which exposure to spores of satratoxin producing and non-producing S. chartarum strains induce inflammatory responses in murine lungs.Methods BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed for 3 weeks to spores of a satratoxin-producing and a non-producing S. chartarum strain. Inflammatory cell infiltration was characterized from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in lung tissue was measured with real-time PCR. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was determined by whole-body plethysmography and serum antibody levels by ELISA.Results A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes was observed in BAL fluid after intranasal (i.n.) instillation of S. chartarum spores. There was no difference in the BAL between exposure to the satratoxin-producing and the non-producing strains. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was associated with an induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokine (CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL2/MCP-1) mRNA levels in the lungs. Interestingly, CXCL5/LIX was the only chemokine that showed significantly higher mRNA levels after exposure to the satratoxin-producing strain compared with the non-producing strain. MCh-induced bronchial responsiveness was not altered significantly after mould instillation. Moreover, no significant increase in total or specific IgE, IgG2a and IgG1 antibody levels were found after S. chartarum exposure.Conclusion These results indicate that lung inflammation induced by i.n. instillations of S. chartarum spores is regulated by the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leucocyte-attracting chemokines. The data also imply that S. chartarum-derived components, other than satratoxins, are mediating the development of this inflammatory response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01808.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airborne Mycotoxins in Agricultural and Indoor Environments (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Indoor air 8 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by many species of fungi, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Stachybotrys. Mycotoxicosis can affect humans and animals after ingestion of mouldy, mycotoxin-contaminated food or feed. Recent years have seen increasing interest in inhalation exposure to mycotoxins in agricultural environments and in water-damaged buildings with mould problems. Inhalation exposure to mycotoxins can occur by inhalation of airborne mycotoxin-containing particles, such as fungal spores. There is evidence that inhalation exposure to aflatoxins can elevate cancer risk, and inhalation exposure to ochratoxins can cause kidney damage. In buildings with mould problems, trichothecene mycotoxins have been detected in building materials and dust samples. In these cases, residents have suffered from respiratory tract symptoms and irritation of eyes and skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1998.tb00011.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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