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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deregulated production of interleukin-4 (IL4) in autoimmune thyroid disease assayed with a new radioimmunoassay
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 216 (1993), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease ; Chronic thyroiditis ; Graves' disease ; Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ; Interleukin-4 ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(93)90134-P
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role Of Angiotensin II Receptors In The Regulation Of Vasomotor Neurons In The Ventrolateral Medulla (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. There is a high density of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors in various brain regions involved in cardiovascular regulation. The present review will focus on the role of AT1 receptors in regulating the activity of sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral part of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), which are known to play a pivotal role in the tonic and phasic regulation of sympathetic vasomotor activity and arterial pressure.2. Microinjection of angiotensin (Ang) II into the rostral VLM (RVLM) results in an increase in arterial pressure and sympathetic vasomotor activity. These effects are blocked by prior application of losartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, indicating that they are mediated by AT1 receptors. However, microinjection of AngII into the RVLM has no detectable effect on respiratory activity, indicating that AT1 receptors are selectively or even exclusively associated with vasomotor neurons in this region.3. Under normal conditions in anaesthetized animals, AT1 receptors do not appear to contribute significantly to the generation of resting tonic activity in RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons. However, recent studies suggest that they contribute significantly to the tonic activity of these neurons under certain conditions, such as salt deprivation or heart failure, or in spontaneously hypertensive or genetically modified rats in which the endogenous levels of AngII are increased or in which AT1 receptors are upregulated.4. Recent evidence also indicates that AT1 receptors play an important role in mediating phasic excitatory inputs to RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons in response to activation of some neurons within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The physiological conditions that lead to activation of these AT1 receptor-mediated inputs are unknown. Further studies are also required to determine the cellular mechanisms of action of AngII in the RVLM and its interactions with other neurotransmitters in that region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03658.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central Mechanisms Underlying Short- And Long-Term Regulation Of The Cardiovascular System (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Asia Pty. Ltd.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Sympathetic vasomotor nerves play a major role in determining the level of arterial blood pressure and the distribution of cardiac output. The present review will discuss briefly the central regulatory mechanisms that control the sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system in the short and long term.2. In the short term, the sympathetic vasomotor outflow is regulated by: (i) homeostatic feedback mechanisms, such as the baroreceptor or chemoreceptor reflexes; or (ii) feed-forward mechanisms that evoke cardiovascular changes as part of more complex behavioural responses.3. The essential central pathways that subserve the baroreceptor reflex and, to a lesser extent, other cardiovascular reflexes, have been identified by studies in both anaesthetized and conscious animals. A critical component of these pathways is a group of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla that project directly to the spinal sympathetic outflow and that receive inputs from both peripheral receptors and higher centres in the brain.4. Much less is known about the central pathways subserving feed-forward or ‘central command’ responses, such as the cardiovascular changes that occur during exercise or that are evoked by a threatening or alerting stimulus. However, recent evidence indicates that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a critical component of the pathways mediating the cardiovascular response to an acute alerting stimulus.5. Long-term sustained changes in sympathetic vasomotor activity occur under both physiological conditions (e.g. a change in salt intake) and pathophysiological conditions (e.g. heart failure). There is evidence that the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus is a critical component of the pathways mediating these changes.6. Understanding the central mechanisms involved in the long-term regulation of sympathetic activity and blood pressure is a major challenge for the future. As a working hypothesis, a model is presented of the postulated central mechanisms that result in sustained changes in sympathetic vasomotor activity that are evoked by different types of chronic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03640.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proceedings of the Symposium ‘Angiotensin AT1 Receptors: From Molecular Physiology to Therapeutics’: FUNCTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN PEPTIDES IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1It was first shown several years ago that the rostral part of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) contains a high density of receptor binding sites for angiotensin II (AngII). In the present paper we briefly review recent studies aimed at determining the actions of both exogenous and endogenous angiotensin peptides in the rostral VLM, as well as their specific sites of action.2The results of these studies have shown that angiotensin peptides can excite pressor and sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rostral VLM, but do not appear to affect non-cardiovascular neurons in this region.3It is known that pressor neurons in the rostral VLM include both catecholamine and non-catecholamine neurons. There is evidence that, at least in conscious rabbits, both of these types of neurons are activated by AngII. The specific endogenous angiotensin peptide or peptides that affect pressor neurons in the rostral VLM have not yet been definitively identified.4It is also possible that different angiotensin peptides may have different effects on pressor neurons in the rostral VLM, mediated by different receptors. Further studies will be needed to define these different functions as well as the specific receptors and cellular mechanisms that subserve them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02822.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large area lanthanum molybdenum electron emitters (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1888-1893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A large area, indirectly heated cathode capable of continuous, high- current electron emission is described. The cathode assembly utilizes an indirectly heated lanthanum molybdenum carbide (LaMo) disk as the thermionic electron emitter. Other cathode shapes are also discussed. The disk cathode emits up to 500 A of electrons at an average of 11 A/cm2 in continuous operation in a plasma discharge. LaMo material is machinable and is not fragile even after extended operation. Careful fabrication and conditioning of the LaMo carbide surface is required. The electron emission capability depends strongly on producing the proper fine grain structure of the molybdenum carbide surface layer to allow adequate diffusion of lanthanum to the surface. Failure to produce the correct surface structure results in intermittent electron emission. The electron emission was not affected by exposure to both air and water during operation, but the emission is poisoned by small amounts of tungsten on the surface. After proper preparation, this intermediate temperature electron emitter is very rugged and has a long lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138439
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-area lanthanum hexaboride electron emitter (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1717-1722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A large-area cathode assembly which is capable of continuous, high-current electron emission is described. The cathode utilizes an indirectly heated lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) disk as the thermionic electron emitter. The LaB6 cathode emits over 600 A of electrons at an average of 20 A/cm2 continuously with no observable lifetime limits to date after about 400 h of operation in a plasma discharge. Proper clasping of the LaB6 disk is required to avoid impurity production from chemical reactions with the holder and to provide adequate support if the disk fractures during rapid thermal cycling. Modification of the LaB6 surface composition due to preferential sputtering of boron by hydrogen and argon ions in the plasma discharge has been observed. The surface appearance is consistent with the formation of LaB4 as a result of boron depletion. The electron emission capability of the cathode is not significantly altered by the surface change. This surface modification by preferential sputtering is not observed in hollow cathodes where the ion energy from the cathode sheath voltage is typically less than 50 V. The electron emission by the cathode has not been affected by exposure to both air and water during operation. Utilizing thick disks of this intermediate temperature cathode material results in reliable, high-current, long-lifetime electron emitter assemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138130
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impurity transport under steady-state magnetized plasma bombardment in PISCES-B Mod
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Nuclear Materials 207 (1993), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(93)90253-U
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materials erosion and redeposition studies at the pisces facility - net erosion under redeposition
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Nuclear Materials 141-143 (1986), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(86)80035-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of histamine and related compounds on the release of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the rat stomach in vitro
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 8 (1987), S. 473-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Famotidine ; H"2-receptor ; Histamine ; Stomach ; Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(87)90012-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helium line emission measurements in PISCES-B as a tool for T"e-profile determinations in tokamak boundary plasmas
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 72 (1992), S. 207-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(92)95236-K
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