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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1988)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 16 (1988), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097400
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods and sources for the enrichment and isolation of budding, nonprosthecate bacteria from freshwater (1986)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 12 (1986), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methods are described for the observation, enrichment and isolation (from various freshwater samples) of bacteria of the generaPlanctomyces andPirella. Because immature buds were easily dislodged by shearing forces, slide culture techniques and direct microscopy of the budding process are recommended. An “auxanographic” technique to detect possible stimulation by soluble substrates was based on the diffusion of these substrates from peripherally placed crystals into the agar of a slide culture. Nearly every water sample investigated contained representatives of the generaPlanctomyces, Pirella, andBlastobacter, as well as budding cocci. Six enrichment techniques were tried; some enrichment experiments lasted several months. Allowing samples without added substrate to stand for a long time or generally employing nutrient-poor media were most successful. The “petri dish method,” taking advantage of attachment of many budding bacteria to glass surfaces, was especially useful for increasing the numbers ofPlanctomyces spp. Pure cultures obtained from freshwater samples were tentatively placed in the generaPlanctomyces, Pirella, andBlastobacter. One strain appeared to represent a new genus of gram-positive, budding, and nonprosthecate bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098574
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acid composition of various hyphal budding bacteria (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Fatty acids ; Cellular composition ; Culture conditions ; Hyphal budding bacteria ; Hyphomicrobium ; Pedomicrobium ; Rhodomicrobium ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The total fatty acid composition of various strains of Hyphomicrobium, Pedomicrobium, and Rhodomicrobium spp. was determined by gas chromatography. In addition, the fatty acid pattern of a new hyphal budding bacterium, strain F-1, was compared with the other patterns obtained. Octadecenoic acid was the main component in most strains, comprising up to 75% of the total fatty acids. Lactobacillic acid and 3-methoxy-tetradecanoic acid were present in varying amounts in the lipids of all organisms except for the new isolate, F-1. This latter strain contained, however, large amounts of iso-heptadecanoic and iso-heptadecenoic acids, not present in the other budding bacteria studied. This composition was consistently found under various culture conditions. The data indicate that, except for the new bacterium F-1, the hyphal budding bacteria studied here are closely related. The total fatty acid composition is thought to be a useful taxonomic criterion for differentiation of these bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409092
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffwechselphysiologische Untersuchungen an Nocardia petroleophila n. sp. (1958)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 29 (1958), S. 368-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571596
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wasserstoffaktivierung und Chemoautotrophie bei Actinomyceten (1961)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 39 (1961), S. 360-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. 133 strains of actinomycetes comprising 11 genera were tested for their ability to grow chemolithotrophically; 9 strains were stimulated by hydrogen on an organic medium under reduced partial pressure of O2 (8%). 2. Even after repeated subculturing, a number of strains grew well on mineral medium with H2 as the sole energy source and CO2 as the only carbon source: Mycobact. phlei (1 strain), Noc. saturnea (2 strains), Noc. petroleophila (2 strains), Noc. [Strept.] autotrophica (1 strain), Streptomyces spec. (1 strain) and Streptosporangium spec. (1 strain). 3. Three strains more intensively investigated (Nocardia 99, 102 and 394) should be regarded as facultative chemoautotrophs in view of their (1) ability to activate molecular hydrogen (methylene blue [“MBL”] reduction), (2) catalyzing a Knallgas-reaction (oxyhydrogen reaction), (3) utilization of the energy gained from the Knallgas reaction to incorporate CO2 in a highly reduced state (Knallgas reaction linked to CO2 fixation), and (4) ability to grow on mineral medium with H2−O2−CO2 as the sole source of carbon and energy. 4. The hydrogenase activity of the three strains was approximately equal; the Knallgas reaction took place only in living cells. 5. Although the velocity of gas uptake was greater with MBL than with O2 (−CO2!), in the presence of O2 MBL retarded the gas uptake and inhibited CO2 fixation. Resting cells in the presence of CO2 showed increased velocity of Knallgas uptake, as compared with cells kept without CO2. In these experiments the average economical coefficient (μM H2 oxidized/μM CO2 fixed) was about 13. 6. Cells grown heterotrophically exhibited only a low hydrogenase activity; induced formation of hydrogenase was slow. Cells grown chemolithotrophically could be harvested after 18 days to give a yield of 750 mgs (cell dry weight) per 3 liter mineral medium with one of the culture methods described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411775
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einige weitere, von Luftverunreinigungen lebende Actinomyceten und ihre Klassifizierung (1960)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 35 (1960), S. 391-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Fähigkeit zum Wachstum auf mineralischen Nährlösungen unter Ausnutzung von Luftverunreinigungen ist bei den Actinomyceten weit verbreitet. 2. Von 39 benannten oder neu isolierten Teststämmen verschiedenster Herkunft vermochten 26 “oligocarbophil” zu wachsen; 5 Stämme stellten nach wenigen Tagen ihr Wachstum ein, und 8 Stämme vermehrten sich auf Mineralnährlösung nicht. 3. In einigen Fällen wurde der Zuwachs durch Titration der gesamten Kultur auf Mineralnährlösung mit KMnO4 sicher nachgewiesen. 4. Die Zugabe eines Petroleum/Undecan-Gemisches als Energiequelle in die Gasphase förderte 12 von 14 oligocarbophilen Stämmen im Wachstum. Reines n-Undecan förderte bei Gegenwart von 0,2 Vol-% CO2 lediglich Noc. petroleophila Stamm 78, nicht aber Noc. saturnea Stamm 71 oder Streptomyces autotrophicus Stamm 394. 5. Die Identifizierung von 13 oligocarbophilen Stämmen führte zu folgenden Artnamen: Nocardia paraffinae (Jens.) Waksm. et Henrici (2 Stämme), Nocardia petroleophila Hirsch u. Engel (1 Stamm), Streptomyces nitrificans Schatz et al. (7 Stämme und eine Originalkultur von Schatz), Streptomyces autotrophicus Tak. u. Tub. (1 Originalstamm von Takamiya) und Streptomyces flavovirens (Waksm.) Waksm. u. Henrici (1 Stamm). 6. Nocardia saturnea n. sp. (2 Stämme) wird als neue Art beschrieben; Nocardia spec. I Stamm 70 soll erst später, nach eingehender Untersuchung beschrieben und benannt werden. 7. Auf Grund von morphologischen und kulturellen Eigenschaften (insbesondere des Lufthyphenzerfalles) werden Streptomyces autotrophicus und Strept. nitrificans in die Gattung Nocardia gestellt (Verwandtschaft der nicht- oder teilweise säurefesten β-Nocardien) als: Nocardia autotrophica (Tak. u. Tub.) nov. comb. Hirsch und Nocardia nitrificans (Schatz et al.) nov. comb. Hirsch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409811
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of budding bacteria (1964)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 48 (1964), S. 339-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405978
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of budding bacteria (1964)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 48 (1964), S. 358-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Hyphomicrobium vulgare NQ und MEV sowie bei acht Neuisolierungen von Hyphomikrobien wurden die Wachstumsbedürfnisse untersucht. Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit und auch die gebildete Gesamt-Zellmasse wurden durch mehrere Faktoren beträchtlich beeinflußt. Für das Wachstum waren optimal: 1. eine Nährlösung, die Phosphatpuffer, Mangan, Molybdän, Calcium, Magnesium und Eisen enthielt, 2. Methanol, Harnstoff, Methylamin oder Formamid als C-Quelle, 3. Nitrat (für H. vulgare NQ und MEV), NH4 + (für die Neuisolierungen), oder Harnstoff als Stickstofquelle, 4. Rühren der Kultur, sowie starke Belüftung und 5. Dunkelheit (Licht hatte sich als hemmend erwiesen). Sowohl das oligocarbophile Wachstum, als auch die Bildung von Poly-β-hydroxybutyrat als Speicherprodukt wurden bei den Wachstumsbestimmungen berücksichtigt.
    Notes: Summary The growth requirements of Hyphomicrobium vulgare NQ and MEV, as well as of 8 other isolates of hyphomicrobia were studied. A variety of factors was found to significantly influence both rate of growth and final yield of cells. Optimal for growth were: 1. a medium containing manganese, molybdenum, calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphate buffer, 2. methanol, urea, methylamine or formamide as a carbon source, 3. nitrate (for H. vulgare NQ and MEV), ammonia (for the new isolates), or urea as a nitrogen source, 4. agitation by stirring, vigorous aeration, and 5. darkness (light was found to be inhibitory). Both, oligocarbophilic growth and the formation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate as a storage product, were taken into account in determinations of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405979
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of budding bacteria (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 60 (1968), S. 201-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Budding bacteria from aquatic or terrestrial habitats were found to accumulate ferric oxide hydrate (“ferric hydroxide”) on their cell surfaces. Metal paper clips served as the source of oxidizable iron. Pure cultures deposited ferric hydroxide during growth on sea water medium at a pH of 7.8, but not in a mineral salts medium of normal ionic strength, of pH 7.2, and without NaCl, although some active strains came from fresh water or soil. Ferric iron deposition was found to be initiated at “primary active sites” on the cell surface; the hyphae and rods eventually become completely encased by the heavy coat. The presence of iron depositing, budding bacteria in fresh water, brackish water or sea water indicates an ubiquitous distribution of these microorganisms. Actively depositing isolates from marine environments are more closely related to Pedomicrobium than to Hyphomicrobium spp. because of their multiple formation of hyphae from rod-shaped swarmer cells. A taxonomic and cultural study of these new forms is in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413488
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of budding bacteria (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 62 (1968), S. 289-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water samples from various sources contained budding bacteria such as: Hyphomicrobium, Pedomicrobium, Ancalomicrobium, Rhodomicrobium, Planctomyces and Rhodopseudomonas. Most of these attach to surfaces, a fact which may have caused many to be overlooked. Introduction of glass slides into the stored water sample resulted in the attachment of cells and hence facilitated their observation. A study of the distribution of genera demonstrated their ubiquitous presence; most representatives tolerated in their habitats various degrees of salinity or concentrations of organic nutrients, different depths, and the climate of various geographical locations. They were observed during all seasons. A remarkable tolerance of nitrite possibly accounts for the growth of hyphomicrobia in cultures of nitrifying bacteria. Procedures for the enrichment of budding forms consisted of (a) storing water samples in the laboratory to increase their relative numbers, (b) omitting the addition of carbon sources, or adding these only in low concentrations (as vapor), and (c) offering glass slides for attachment. Budding purple bacteria requiring light and anaerobiosis needed acetate or ethanol as a suitable H-donor. Forty-four pure cultures were identified as: Hyphomicrobium (31), Pedomicrobium (12), or Rhodomicrobium (1); others may represent new genera. A detailed description and taxonomic study is in preparation. Reasons for and consequences of attachment to surfaces are discussed. Exploitation of a higher nutrient concentration in the attached state could be of ecological significance. Rosette, pellicle or curtain formation may offer similar advantages. The presence of budding bacteria in microbial slimes could be explained by a higher concentration of nutrients in or on the slimes. The question whether these cultures are “truly aquatic” is discussed and answered in the affirmative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425635
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