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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Theory of Stellar Winds and Related Flows (1970)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 8 (1970), S. 31-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.08.090170.000335
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction Between the Solar Wind and the Interstellar Medium (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 27 (1989), S. 199-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.27.090189.001215
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ancient solar-proton events on the evolution of life (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 259 (1976), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There is mounting evidence that past extinctions of faunal species have occurred in near coincidence with reversals in polarity of the geomagnetic field. Could the link lie in catastrophic depletions of stratospheric ozone caused by solar-proton irradiation over a reduced geomagnetic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/259177a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral hydrogen in cometary comas (1972)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 15 (1972), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The strong Lα radiation observed recently in comets Tago-Sato-Kosaka and Bennett can be explained in terms of the resonant scattering of solar Lα radiation on neutral hydrogen formed by the photo-dissociation of H2O which is vaporized from a nucleus having an ice core. A complete hydrodynamic description of an atmosphere composed of H2O and its daughter products OH, H and O coupled through frictional interaction as well as production and loss processes is given. Numerical results are computed in a typical case, and it is found that a temperature of about 3000 K for the cometary atmosphere provides the best fit with observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649925
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of the coronal he abundance to the solar wind (1994)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 70 (1994), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Transition Region ; Solar Wind ; Helium Abundance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Models of the transition region — corona — solar wind system are investigated in order to find the coronal helium abundance and to study the role played by coronal helium in controlling the the solar wind proton flux. The thermal force on α-particles in the transition region sets the flow of helium into the corona. The frictional coupling between α-particles and protons and/or the electric polarization field determines the proton flux in the solar wind as well as the fate of the coronal helium content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00777890
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar WIND and suprathermal ion composition investigation on the WIND spacecraft (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 71 (1995), S. 79-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Experiment (SMS) on WIND is designed to determine uniquely the elemental, isotopic, and ionic-charge composition of the solar wind, the temperatures and mean speeds of all major solar-wind ions, from H through Fe, at solar wind speeds ranging from 175 kms−1 (protons) to 1280 kms−1 (Fe+8), and the composition, charge states as well as the 3-dimensional distribution functions of suprathermal ions, including interstellar pick-up He+, of energies up to 230 keV/e. The experiment consists of three instruments with a common Data Processing Unit. Each of the three instruments uses electrostatic analysis followed by a time-of-flight and, as required, an energy measurement. The observations made by SMS will make valuable contributions to the ISTP objectives by providing information regarding the composition and energy distribution of matter entering the magnetosphere. In addition SMS results will have an impact on many areas of solar and heliospheric physics, in particular providing important and unique information on: (i) conditions and processes in the region of the corona where the solar wind is accelerated; (ii) the location of the source regions of the solar wind in the corona; (iii) coronal heating processes; (iv) the extent and causes of variations in the composition of the solar atmosphere; (v) plasma processes in the solar wind; (vi) the acceleration of particles in the solar wind; and (vii) the physics of the pick-up process of interstellar He as well as lunar particles in the solar wind, and the isotopic composition of interstellar helium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751327
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar coronal mass ejection of 20–21 November, 1973 (1988)
    Springer
    Solar physics 116 (1988), S. 349-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coronal transient event of 20–21 November is unusual in that its appearance is distinctly non-loop-like; rather, the transient resembles a confined ray or fan-like volume. Studies of the distribution of the coronal material with time indicate that this is a mass ejection event, involving about 1 × 1015 g of material from the lower corona. Analysis of the polarization signal of the event suggests that the event is associated with chromospheric activity in a region near longitude E68. The observed properties (distributions in brightness and polarization) of the transient are compared with the properties of a well-studied event of typical loop-like appearance, but rotated to simulate an ‘edge-on’ appearance; the differences suggest that the 20–21 November event is not such an edge-on, loop-like transient, but rather is most simply described as an axisymmetric-cylindrical or conical volume, the boundaries of which remain constant over the events' lifetime. On this basis, the variation of the transient spatial density with height and the variation of density with time can be specified rather more certainly than for previously-studied coronal mass ejection events. Densities are found to range from 3 × 10−16 g cm−3 at 2.1 R ⊙ heliocentric height early in the event to 1 × 10−18 g cm−3 at 4.0 R ⊙ late in the event. Typical temporal variations of the ejected material (at a given heliocentric height) are found to be on the order of 10−18 g cm−3 s−1. The mass and momentum balance in the event have been estimated from the observed parameters, employing a multiparameter approach. We find that a model with modest mass flux typified by material speed u 0 ≲ 50 km s−1 and a near balance between the event's pressure gradient force and gravity — with possibly a small hydromagnetic wave contribution to the total pressure — is consistent with the observations. The kinetic energy of the event, determined from the motion of the center of mass of the ejected material, is only about 1026 ergs, and thus is the smallest for any solar mass ejection studied to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157483
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis C infection in potential recipients with normal liver biochemistry does not preclude renal transplantation (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 961-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: hepatitis C virus ; renal transplantation ; hemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be an important cause of chronic liver disease in renal transplant recipients. We investigated retrospectively the incidence and outcome of HCV infection in long-term renal transplant recipients and patients on hemodialysis. Stored, pretransplant sera of transplant recipients with normal liver biochemistry at surgery were tested for hepatitis C by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay. Hemodialysis patients were tested by a first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against c100-3. We studied 252 renal transplant recipients and 58 hemodialysis patients followed for 65±10 months and 26±6 months, respectively. Fifteen percent (38/252) of the transplant recipients were HCV positive as were 3/58 (5%) of the hemodialysis patients. Over liver disease occurred in 22/252 (8.7%) transplant recipients and none in the hemodialysis group. Thirty-six percent (8/22) of transplant recipients with overt liver disease were HCV positive. No HCV-positive patients died of liver failure. Of six biopsies in the HCV-positive transplant group, two had histological evidence of CAH. CAH was seen in six of eight biopsies in the HCV-negative transplants and two of these latter patients progressed to cirrhosis. No hemodialysis patients had clinical or histological evidence of chronic liver disease. Two HCV-negative transplant patients died of liver failure, while no deaths related to liver disease occurred in hemodialysis patients regardless of HCV status. We conclude that hepatitis C may cause chronic hepatitis in renal transplant patients. However, chronic liver disease in HCV-positive renal transplant recipients appears to be a clinically and histologically benign entity. HCV-positive potential renal allograft recipients with normal liver biochemistry should not be excluded from renal transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02087544
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SWAN: A study of Solar Wind Anisotropies on SOHO with Lyman alpha sky mapping (1995)
    Springer
    Solar physics 162 (1995), S. 403-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Keywords: solar wind ; interplanetary hydrogen ; interstellar wind
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract On board the SOHO spacecraft poised at L1 Lagrange point, the SWAN instrument is mainly devoted to the measurement of large scale structures of the solar wind, and in particular the distribution with heliographic latitude of the solar wind mass flux. This is obtained from an intensity map of the sky Lymanα emission, which reflects the shape of the ionization cavity carved in the flow of interstellar H atoms by the solar wind. The methodology, inversion procedure and related complications are described. The subject of latitude variation of the solar wind is shortly reviewed: earlier Lymanα results from Prognoz in 1976 are confirmed by Ulysses. The importance of the actual value of the solar wind mass flux for the equation of dynamics in a polar coronal hole is stressed. The instrument is composed of one electronic unit commanding two identical Sensor Units, each of them allowing to map a full hemisphere with a resolution of 1°, thanks to a two-mirrors periscope system. The design is described in some details, and the rationale for choice between several variants are discussed. A hydrogen absorption cell is used to measure the shape of the interplanetary Lymanα line and other Lyman α emissions. Other types of observations are also discussed : the geocorona, comets (old and new), the solar corona, and a possible signature of the heliopause. The connexion with some other SOHO instruments, in particular LASCO, UVCS, SUMER, is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00733435
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of polar plumes observed at the 1998 February 26 eclipse (1999)
    Springer
    Solar physics 190 (1999), S. 185-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents first observations of dynamics of the white-light solar corona detected during the few minutes of totality of a solar eclipse. Perturbations of a polar plume associated with an embedded `jet' structure observed simultaneously at 195 Å with the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) aboard the SOHO spacecraft lead to estimates of the electron density fluctuations accompanying the jet: ±15%. The morphological behavior of the jet, its apparent upward propagation speed of ≈200 km s−1, and the inferred density perturbations suggest that the jet is led by a weak, outward-propagating shock resulting from the injection of material at high velocity at the base of the corona. Smaller perturbations of the white-light corona are apparent at many other locations, sustaining hope that propagating Alfvén waves may be measurable in the solar corona. Density perturbations associated with the jet follow from empirical electron density models of the polar inter-plume and plume regions, as derived from the ground-based eclipse measurements of coronal polarization brightness. These models indicate polar plume densities 4–6 times that of the interplume low corona.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005209409104
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