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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We sequenced the alphoid centromere probe pα10RP8 (D10Z1), aligned it to three published consensus sequences, and developed a sequence-tagged site (STS), sJRH-2, based upon oligonucleotide primers having two 3′ mismatches with these consensus sequences. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using genomic DNA from a somatic cell hybrid panel representing all human chromosomes demonstrated amplification from only those cell lines containing chromosome 10. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of the amplified product demonstrated intense and specific hybridization of the PCR product to 10p11.1-q11.1. A human genomic yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library was screened using the sJRH-2 PCR assay, and five clones were identified. Sequence analysis of one chimeric clone (consisting of DNA segments derived from chromosomes 5p and 10cen) confirmed specificity of the STS for the centromere of chromosome 10. sJRH-2 provides a convenient cytogenetic marker for chromosome 10, which will also be useful for physical mapping of the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10, a region that harbors the gene(s) for three forms of multiple endocrine neoplasia (types 2A, 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma). The GenBank accession number for the pα10RP8 sequence is X63622.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 790-793 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At central excitatory synapses, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which have a high affinity for glutamate, produce a slowly rising synaptic current in response to a single transmitter pulse and an additional current after a second, closely timed stimulus. Here we show, by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 15 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several factors contribute to the shape of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in CNS neurons, among them the kinetics of presynaptic release, transmitter clearance, and the properties and distribution of postsynaptic receptors. The decays of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs at rat cerebellar mossy fibre–granule cell (MF–gc) synapses follow a bi-exponential time-course. The fast component dominates the decay, accounting for 84–94% of the peak amplitude. Here we show that both components of decay, and also the risetimes, became faster during postnatal maturation. At adult, but not immature, synapses, the risetimes and decays of evoked multiquantal EPSCs were similar to those of monoquantal miniature (m)EPSCs. The faster risetimes at mature synapses reflected increased synchrony of multivesicular release, whereas the faster decays appeared to reflect changes in the properties of postsynaptic receptors. Inhibition of glutamate uptake was without effect on evoked EPSCs at both ages. Furthermore, after slowing receptor desensitization with cyclothiazide, the EPSCs at mature synapses decayed as slowly as EPSCs at immature synapses, suggesting that faster glutamate clearance does not account for the developmental speeding of EPSC decay. Our results support previous conclusions that glutamate clearance and receptor deactivation are important determinants of the fast decay component at immature synapses. Desensitization becomes increasingly important during development and plays a major role in shaping EPSC decay at mature synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 15 (1991), S. 756-762 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé D'importants progrès ont été accomplis dans la compréhension des tumeurs chez l'homme grâce à la génétique moléculaire. L'application des méthodes de la génètique moléculaire a permis de clarifier considérablement la classification des néoplasies endocrines. Plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées pour étudier l'ADN des tumeurs de la parathyroÏde. L'étude des clones suggère que l'origine des adénomes et de l'hyperplasie est très différente l'une de l'autre. Le gène de l'hormone parathyroÏdienne (PTH) a été clone et localisé à l'intérieur du génome humain. Dans un sous-groupe de tumeurs parathyroÏdiennes, on a décrit une restructuration du gène PTH qui pourrait expliquer la pathogénèse de ces tumeurs. Une autre gène a été identifiée qui paraÎt Être responsable de l'hypercalcémie en cas de tumeur maligne. On a découvert dans des cas sporadiques d'adénomes parathyroÏdiens des deletions chromosomiques qui paraissent intervenir dans la pathogénèse des néoplasies multiples endocrines (MEN) du type I. La caractérisation de l'ADN des tumeurs pourrait rendre possible la corrélation des anomalies génétiques spécifiques avec le comportement biologique des différentes tumeurs parathyroÏdes, et pourrait aider dans la distinction entre adénome, hyperplasie et cancer.
    Abstract: Resumen Los avances en la genética molecular han aportado nuevas luces a la comprensión de los fenómenos etiológicos y la patogenesis de los tumores humanos. La aplicación de estos métodos ha permitido caracterizar los neoplasmas endocrinos a un nivel de resolución previamente imposible. Una variedad de técnicas moleculares ha sido aplicada al estudio de los tumores paratiroideos a nivel del DNA. Estudios sobre la derivación clonal de adenomas e hiperplasias sugieren que estas entidades se generan a través de mecanismos fundamentalmente diferentes. El gene para la hormona paratiroidea (PTH) ha sido reproducido y localizado dentro del genoma humano. En un pequeño subgrupo de tumores paratiroideos, se ha descrito una redistribucion del gene de la PTH que puede contribuir a su patogenesis. Un gen separado ha sido identificado que parece ser responsable de la hipercalcemia humoral de la neoplasia maligna. Las alteraciones cromosómicas que parecen estar involucradas en la patogenesis de la neoplasia endocrina multiple tipo 1 han sido halladas también en los adenomas paratiroideos esporádicos. La caracterización de los tumores al nivel del DNA pueden hacer posible la correlatión específica de las anormalidades genéticas con el comportamineto biológico de los diferentes neoplasmas paratiroideos, y puede ser Útil en la diferenciación entre adenoma, hiperplasia y carcinoma.
    Notes: Abstract Advances in molecular genetics have shed important new light on the understanding of the basis for human tumors. The application of these methods has allowed for characterization of endocrine neoplasms at a level of resolution that was not previously possible. A variety of molecular techniques have been apph'ed to the study of parathyroid tumors at the DNA level. Studies of the clonal derivation of adenomas and hyperplasia suggest that these entities arise through fundamentally different mechanisms. The gene for parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been cloned and mapped within the human genome. In a small subset of parathyroid tumors, a rearrangement of the PTH gene has been described which may have contributed to their pathogenesis. A separate gene has been identified which appears to be responsible for the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Chromosomal deletions which appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 have also been found in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Characterization of tumors at the DNA level may make it possible to correlate specific genetic abnormalities with the biologic behavior of different parathyroid neoplasms and may be useful in distinguishing between adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Juvenile polyposis (JP; OMIM 174900) is an autosomal dominant gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome in which patients are at risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated a locus for JP mapping to 18q21.1 (ref. 3) and germline mutations in the homolog ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. These ion channels rapidly deactivate and desensitize, which determine the time course of synaptic transmission. Here, we find that the AMPA receptor interacting ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 7 (1987), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) ; potassium conductance ; neocortex ; stimulation fatigue ; intracellular recordings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The characteristics of long-duration inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (l-IPSPs) which are evoked in rat frontal neocortical neurons by local electrical stimulation were investigated with intracellular recordings from anin vitro slice preparation. 2. Stimulation with suprathreshold intensities evoked l-IPSPs with typical durations of 600–900 msec at resting membrane potential. Conductance increases of 15–60% were measured at the peak amplitude of l-IPSPs (150–250 msec poststimulus). 3. The duration of the conductance increases during l-IPSPs displayed a significant voltage dependence, decreasing as the membrance potential was depolarized and increasing with hyperpolarization. 4. The reversal potential of l-IPSPs is significantly altered by reductions in the extracellular potassium concentration. Therefore it is concluded that l-IPSPs in rat neocortical neurons are generated by the activation of a potassium conductance. 5. l-IPSPs exhibit stimulation fatigue. Stimulation with a frequency of 1 Hz produces a complete fatigue of the conductance increases during l-IPSPs after approximately 20 consecutive stimuli. Recovery from this fatigue requires minutes. 6. l-IPSPs are not blocked by bicuculline but are blocked by baclofen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 5 (1998), S. 751-756 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Juvenile polyposis ; Gastrointestinal carcinoma ; Colorectal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Familial juvenile polyposis (JP) is an autosomal dominant condition in which affected individuals develop upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) juvenile polyps, or both, and have a predisposition to cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The risk of GI cancer has not been well defined because of the small number of these families and the lack of follow-up. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and age at diagnosis of GI polyposis and cancer in a large JP kindred. Methods: Medical records were reviewed, patients were interviewed, and histories were taken. Pathology reports and slides were reviewed by our pathologists. A database was created for analysis of clinical and pathologic factors. Results: This kindred contains 117 members, 29 of whom have had upper or lower GI polyps or cancer, or both. All those affected have had colonic juvenile polyps or cancer, except for two who died of advanced gastric cancer and never had colonic evaluation. Nine individuals have had both upper and lower GI polyps or cancer. Sixteen of 29 (55%) affected patients have developed gastrointestinal cancer. Eleven (38%) have had colon cancer, and six (21%) have had upper GI cancers. Conclusions: The risk of gastrointestinal malignancy in affected members of this JP kindred exceeds 50%. The high risk of GI cancer warrants frequent endoscopic screening of both affected and at-risk family members. Screening will soon be facilitated by presymptomatic genetic testing for the identification of gene carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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