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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic fluorine spectra in the argon inductively coupled plasma (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 52 (1980), S. 1716-1722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50061a042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): Responsible for the increased blood flow induced by the stimulation of sensory nerves (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. C262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator neuropeptide contained in sensory nerves. We have examined the relative contribution of CGRP and substance P-like peptides (with which CGRP is commonly colocalized) to the increase in blood flow induced by the stimulation of sensory nerves. The sensory nerve stimulant capsaicin increased blood flow in rabbit and rat skin and this effect was substantially inhibited by the CGRP antagonist CGRP8–37. Further, electrical stimulation of the rat saphenous nerve led to an increase in blood flow which was significantly inhibited by CGRP8–37. CGRP8–37 also had a partial inhibitory effect on oedema formation, an effect which is suggested to be a consequence of the inhibition of blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987663
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of some aspects of acute inflammation of guinea-pig lung by intraperitoneal dexamethasone and mifepristone: Demonstration of agonist activity of mifepristone in the guinea-pig (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Guinea pig ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Glucocorticoid ; Granulocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have determined the inhibitory activity of dexamethasone as an inhibitor of histamine-induced plasma protein extravasation (PPE) in guinea-pig lung and skin, and of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophilia and platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced eosinophilia in guinea-pig lungs. Dexamethasone inhibited PAF-induced eosinophilia in guinea-pig lung (ED50 1.4 mg/kg i.p.). Higher doses of dexamethasone were required to inhibit LPS-induced neutrophilia (ED50 10.8 mg/kg i.p.). However, at doses up to 150 mg/kg i.p. dexamethasone did not inhibit histamine-induced plasma protein extravasation (PPE) in guinea-pig lung, but did inhibit PPE in guinea-pig skin. These preparations have previously been shown to be equally sensitive to inhibition by theβ 2-adrenoceptor agonist salmeterol. Dexamethasone inhibited PAF-induced eosinophilia (5 mg/kg) or LPS-induced neutrophilia (50 mg/kg) when given 3 h or 1 h prior to challenge. Inhibitory activity was lost when dexamethasone was administered 23 h prior to LPS or 1 h after PAF. The glucocorticoid antagonist mifepristone (1–100 mg/kg i.p.) caused dose-related inhibition of PAF-induced eosinophilia but not of LPS-induced neutrophilia. The highest dose of mifepristone used (100 mg/kg) did not reverse the inhibitory actions of dexamethasone (50 mg/kg) on LPS-induced neutrophilia. We suggest that the different inhibitory activity of dexamethasone in the preparations studied indicates differences in the sensitivity of the target cells involved to inhibition by dexamethasone. We also suggest that inhibition of PAF-induced eosinophilia by mifepristone reflects the partial agonist activity of this agent, demonstrated by others in different experimental systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782024
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of islet secretory function in the development of diabetes in the GK Wistar rat (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 863-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; pancreatic islet ; insulin secretion ; glucose metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion and glucose metabolism were compared in islets isolated from GK Wistar rats (a non-obese, spontaneous model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and control Wistars aged 8 and 14 weeks. By 8 weeks of age, GK Wistar rats were clearly diabetic as indicated by non-fasting plasma glucose concentrations and impaired glucose tolerance. Islet insulin content was not significantly different to controls at either age. In islets from 14-week-old GK Wistar rats glucose-stimulated insulin release (6–16 mmol/l glucose) was significantly reduced to 25–50 % of controls in static incubations (p 〈 0.001). In perifusion, glucose-stimulated insulin release was reduced by 90 % for first phase (p 〈 0.01) and by 75 % for second phase (p 〈 0.05). The responses to arginine and 2α Ketoisocaproate in islets were similar to those in controls. In contrast, islets isolated from 8-week-old GK Wistar rats exhibited no significant reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in static incubations. In perifusion, although both first and second phases of glucose-stimulated insulin release were slightly reduced, these were not significantly different to controls. Islets from 8-week-old GK Wistar rats failed however to respond to stimulation by glyceraldehyde. Raising the medium glucose concentration to 16 mmol/l significantly increased rates of glucose utilisation ([3H] H2O production from 5-[3H] glucose) and oxidation ([14C] CO2 production from U-[14C] glucose) in islets isolated from 8-week-old control and GK Wistar rats, respectively. The rates of oxidation were not significantly different at stimulatory glucose concentrations whereas the rates of utilisation were significantly higher in islets from the diabetic animals (p 〈 0.05). Production of [3H] H2O from 2-[3H] glycerol metabolism was increased (p 〈 0.05) at 2 mmol/l glucose but was not significantly different to controls at 16 mmol/l glucose in islets from 8-week-old GK Wistar rats. This data would suggest that abnormalities in islet function are present in 8-week-old diabetic animals although these do not seriously impair glucose-stimulated insulin release from isolated islets. This in turn would indicate that a defect in the glucose signalling pathway in beta cells is not a primary cause of the diabetes of GK Wistar rats and that deterioration of the secretory response is the consequence of some factor associated with the diabetic condition. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 863–870]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400940
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of islet secretory function in the development of diabetes in the GK Wistar rat (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 863-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; pancreatic islet ; insulin secretion ; glucose metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion and glucose metabolism were compared in islets isolated from GK Wistar rats (a non-obese, spontaneous model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and control Wistars aged 8 and 14 weeks. By 8 weeks of age, GK Wistar rats were clearly diabetic as indicated by non-fasting plasma glucose concentrations and impaired glucose tolerance. Islet insulin content was not significantly different to controls at either age. In islets from 14-week-old GK Wistar rats glucose-stimulated insulin release (6–16 mmol/l glucose) was significantly reduced to 25–50% of controls in static incubations (p〈0.001). In perifusion, glucose-stimulated insulin release was reduced by 90% for first phase (p〈0.01) and by 75% for second phase (p〈0.05). The responses to arginine and 2α Ketoisocaproate in islets were similar to those in controls. In contrast, islets isolated from 8-week-old GK Wistar rats exhibited no significant reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in static incubations. In perifusion, although both first and second phases of glucose-stimulated insulin release were slightly reduced, these were not significantly different to controls. Islets from 8-week-old GK Wistar rats failed however to respond to stimulation by glyceraldehyde. Raising the medium glucose concentration to 16 mmol/l significantly increased rates of glucose utilisation ([3H] H2O production from 5-[3H] glucose) and oxidation ([14C] CO2 production from U-[14C] glucose) in islets isolated from 8-week-old control and GK Wistar rats, respectively. The rates of oxidation were not significantly different at stimulatory glucose concentrations whereas the rates of utilisation were significantly higher in islets from the diabetic animals (p〈0.05). Production of [3H] H2O from 2-[3H] glycerol metabolism was increased (p〈0.05) at 2 mmol/l glucose but was not significantly different to controls at 16 mmol/l glucose in islets from 8-week-old GK Wistar rats. This data would suggest that abnormalities in islet function are present in 8-week-old diabetic animals although these do not seriously impair glucose-stimulated insulin release from isolated islets. This in turn would indicate that a defect in the glucose signalling pathway in beta cells is not a primary cause of the diabetes of GK Wistar rats and that deterioration of the secretory response is the consequence of some factor associated with the diabetic condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400940
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of reduced glucose transporter content and glucose metabolism in the immature secretory responses of fetal rat pancreatic islets (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 134-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Fetal islets, insulin release, GLUT-2 transporter, glucose metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated fetal islets show an immature or poor secretory response to nutrient secretagogues which may result from impaired mitochondrial oxidative processes. Insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and detection of metabolic enzymes by radiolabelling and immunoprecipitation were compared in islets isolated from neonatal (aged 5 days) and fetal rats (at 20 days gestation). The insulin secretory dynamics of fetal islets were abnormal in response to stimulation by glucose (10 mmol/l); a rapid release of insulin reaching a maximum 6 min after stimulation was observed with no rising second phase release. However, when the data were expressed as percentage of islet insulin content released, fetal islets released significantly more insulin than neonatal islets in response to glucose (4.86±0.45 % vs 1.81±0.62 %, p 〈0.01) or 100 nmol/l glibenclamide (2.49±0.17 % vs 0.25±0.06 %, p 〈 0.001). Fetal islets however, failed to release insulin in response to stimulation by glyceraldehyde (10 mmol/l) unlike neonatal islets. Both glucose utilisation (as measured by the formation of [3H] H2O from 5-[3H] glucose) and glucose oxidation (as measured by the formation of [14C] CO2 from U-[14C] glucose) did not increase significantly in response to increasing the medium glucose concentration to 10 mmol/l whereas in neonatal islets, glucose utilisation and glucose oxidation were significantly increased 2.5- and 2.7-fold, respectively. When islets were incubated with both radiolabelled glucoses simultaneously, the rate of glucose oxidation was shown to be directly proportional to the rate of glucose utilisation. The relationship between glucose utilisation and glucose oxidation was similar in fetal and neonatal islets. Finally, in experiments to detect and semiquantify metabolic enzymes, the level of GLUT-2 transporter protein was significantly reduced by 50 % (p 〈0.02) whereas the levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase peptides were similar in fetal and neonatal islets. In conclusion, these data do not support the hypothesis that abnormal mitochondrial oxidation is responsible for the immature secretory responses to nutrient secretagogues found in fetal islets but rather that step(s) earlier in the glycolytic pathway are important for development of normal secretory function. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 134–140]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050083
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two tools for integrating geology into ecosystem studies (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 26 (1995), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Ecosystem ; Land management ; Matrix ; Hierarachy ; Geology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Increased interest in understanding ecosystems as a basis for land management requires new approaches for incorporating geology into the process. Limited work performed by geologists to ensure adequate information about geologic interrelationships with the biosphere is available to land managers and other earth scientists. This paper proposes two processes that will aid in increasing the amount and quality of geologic information available to land managers and other earth scientists. First, the geologic integration with ecosystem matrix is a computer data-base format presenting the chemical and physical interrelationships of geology with the biosphere. Second, the geologic terrane land unit hierarchy is an approach to segregating the earth's surface into a hierarchy of land units to simplify applying data-base information to the land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00770475
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralogical and geochemical signature of mine waste contamination, Tresillian River, Fal Estuary, Cornwall, UK (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 29 (1997), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Mine waste contamination ; Cornwall ; UK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The mineralized district of SW England was one of the world's greatest mining areas, with mining commencing in the Bronze age, peaking in the 1850s to 1890s, but still continuing to the present day. Consequently, it is not surprising that mining has had a major impact on the environmental geochemistry of SW England. In this study, the mineralogical and geochemical signature of mine waste contamination within the Fal Estuary at Tresillian, Cornwall, has been examined. A pulse of mine waste contamination is recognized at approximately 50 cm below present day sediment surface. Sn, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn are all enriched within this contaminated interval with up to 1800 mg kg–1 Sn, 290 mg kg–1 As, 508 mg kg–1 Pb, 2210 mg kg–1 Zn, and 1380 mg kg–1 Cu. Within this interval, the dominant minerals present include chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, cassiterite, Fe–Ti oxides (ilmenite and ?rutile), wolframite, sphalerite, baryte, zircon, monazite, tourmaline and xenotime. In addition, man-made slag products commonly occur. The exact timing of the release of mine waste into the estuary is poorly constrained, but probably occurred during or immediately following the peak in mining activity in the nearby Camborne-Redruth district, which was between 1853 and 1893. The mine waste may have entered the estuary either via the Tresillian River and its tributaries or via Calenick Creek and the Truro River and/or the Carnon River which flows into Rostronguet Creek.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry and stratigraphic correlation of basalt lavas beneath the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 30 (1997), S. 108-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Stratigraphy ; Basalt ; Geochemistry ; Snake River Plain aquifer ; Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Thirty-nine samples of basaltic core were collected from wells 121 and 123, located approximately 1.8 km apart north and south of the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Samples were collected from depths ranging from 15 to 221 m below land surface for the purpose of establishing stratigraphic correlations between these two wells. Elemental analyses indicate that the basalts consist of three principal chemical types. Two of these types are each represented by a single basalt flow in each well. The third chemical type is represented by many basalt flows and includes a broad range of chemical compositions that is distinguished from the other two types. Basalt flows within the third type were identified by hierarchical K-cluster analysis of 14 representative elements: Fe, Ca, K, Na, Sc, Co, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, Hf, Ta, and Th. Cluster analyses indicate correlations of basalt flows between wells 121 and 123 at depths of approximately 38–40 m, 125–128 m, 131–137 m, 149–158 m, and 183–198 m. Probable correlations also are indicated for at least seven other depth intervals. Basalt flows in several depth intervals do not correlate on the basis of chemical compositions, thus reflecting possible flow margins in the sequence between the wells. Multi-element chemical data provide a useful method for determining stratigraphic correlations of basalt in the upper 1–2 km of the eastern Snake River Plain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050138
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymic involvement in the biogeochemical responses of a Welsh peatland to a rainfall enhancement manipulation (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Wetland ; Peat ; Enzyme ; Climate change ; Increased rainfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Microbial enzyme activities were followed during a field-based experimental simulation of the effects of higher rainfall in a Welsh peatland. The treatment did not significantly affect the activities of the carbon cycling enzymes, β-glucosidase, esterase or xylosidase. In contrast, the activity of the enzyme sulphatase decreased by 44% (P〈0.001) in response to the wetter conditions. The manipulation suggests that should climate change cause conditions to become wetter in peatlands, then (with the exception of sulphatase) current levels of wetness may be sufficient to limit decomposition processes, and thus any further increase in wetness is unlikely to induce a further decrease in decomposition rates. Correlations were found between the esterase activity and both nitrous oxide flux (r=–0.44, P〈0.05), and methane release (r=0.53, P〈0.01). Likewise, there was a correlation between xylosidase activity and both carbon dioxide emission (r=0.52, P〈0.01) and aluminium concentration (r=0.58, P〈0.01). All of the enzymes correlated positively with dissolved organic carbon (range r=0.53, P〈0.01 sulphatase to r=0.61, P〈0.001 glucosidase). Together, the correlations lend support to recent hypotheses suggesting that enzymes exert an influence over wetland biogeochemical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050417
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