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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 74 independently run bioassays with soil incorporated metsulfuron-methyl from 12 different laboratories was analysed by a logistic dose-response curve to assess the precision of regression parameters and relate ED50 to soil properties. The potency in terms of ED50 of metsulfuron-methyl in Brassica rapa L., which was used by all laboratories, varied between 0.05 and 3.9 g a.i. ha-1. ED50 was negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with organic matter. The majority of laboratories had ED50 within the interval 0.1-1.0 g a.i. ha-1. At one laboratory using three test species, the most sensitive species was Beta vulgaris L. followed by Brassica rapa L. and Lepidium sativum L. The coefficients of variation were smallest for the ED50 and ED90 response levels and largest for the ED10. The slope of the response curves had considerably lower coefficients of variation than the EDs. The results are discussed in relation to a previous collaborative bioassay study. Finally it is suggested that standardization of bioassays with herbicides could be achieved in the same way as standardization of chemical analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 57 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Delikatess) and radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Saxa Treib) were grown in a factorial design under two ultraviolet-B (UV–B) irradiances and three levels of water stress. On a weighted, daily dose basis the UV–B radiation treatments were equivalent to ambient levels during the beginning of the growing season (controls) and those predicted for an 11.6% ozone depletion during the summer solstice at 49°N latitude. Water stress was achieved by varying the frequency of watering. The combination of UV–B radiation and water stress resulted in large species differences in the pattern of stomatal resistances. This study indicated that Cucumis is one of the most sensitive crop species to UV–B radiation yet identified and that the primary effect of UV–B radiation in this species is a decrease in the leaf diffusive resistance to water vapor. This, therefore, may result in reductions in growth via increased water stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 58 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Inhibition of primary photosynthetic reactions by UV-B radiation (280 nm-320 nm) was demonstrated in radish leaves (Raphanus sativus cv. Saxa Treib). Detached radish cotyledons from 10-day-old seedlings were irradiated with continuous white light and increasing UV-B irradiances using cut-off filters with increasing transmission for shorter wavelengths (WG 360, WG 345, WG 320, WG 305, WG 295, WG 280). Photosynthetic activity measured in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (Kautsky effect) after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h irradiation decreased in a wavelength dependent way with increasing UV-B irradiance and irradiation time.Radish seedlings grown for 10 days from the time of germination under the same UV-B irradiation conditions exhibited similar reductions of the variable fluorescence as detached cotyledons irradiated for short time periods. They additionally had lower initial fluorescence at high UV-B radiation levels, although the chlorophyll content per leaf area increased. In contrast to short term experiments, the plastoquinone and flavonoid content increased with increasing UV-B irradiance when based on leaf area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 58 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Matador) chloroplasts were irradiated with several levels of UV-B radiation. Measurements which reflect characteristic steps of photosynthetic electron transport were made to localize the site of impairment of photosynthesis by UV-B radiation.Variable fluorescence, the μs-kinetics of the 320 nm absorption changes and also oxygen evolution were substantially reduced in chloroplasts irradiated with UV-B. It was not possible to restore the amplitude of the 320 nm absorption changes nor the signal of the transmembrane electric field measured at 520 nm by adding the photo-system II donor couple hydroquinone/ascorbate to UV-B treated chloroplast samples. This indicates that impairment of photosystem II activity is not caused by selective inhibition of the water-splitting enzyme system Y, but rather is due to blockage of photosystem II reaction centers. Photosystem 1 is inferred to be highly resistant to UV-B radiation.These results suggest that the reaction centers of photosystem II are transformed into dissipative sinks for excitation energy by action of UV-B radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Farbmessung ; Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie ; Violaxanthin ; Lutein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The carotinoid composition and content of 13 potato cultivars grown under identical conditions were determined by HPLC (Fig. 1). Total carotinoid content varied between 343 μg/100 g (cv. Monza) and 27 μg/100 g fresh weight (cv. Kero) (Table 1). The main component was violaxanthin ranging from 8μg to 244 μg/100 g, followed by lutein and lutein-5,6-epoxide, and in lower concentrations, neoxanthin A and neoxanthin. β-carotene was either detected in trace quantities or not at all. The levels of violaxanthin and lutein fell sharply from the outside to the inside of the tuber (skin, cortex, pith), whereas the levels of lutein-5,6-epoxide stayed practically constant (Table 2). Flesh colour and total carotenoid content were linearly related (Fig. 4) and the contributions of individual carotenoids to colour were similar. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that with the exception of neoxanthin A there was a good correlation between all the carotenoids and colour value or rating (Table 4). The best correlations were between total carotenoid content and both the colour rating assessed from standard colour cards for potato flesh colour and the instrumentally measured colour values (Hunter-Lab) (Fig. 4). The relationship was non-linear for cultivars with very high carotenoid contents. The intensive flesh colour of cv. Ilse, despite relatively low levels of carotenoids, is presumed to be due to the presence of other, as yet unidentified, pigments (Fig. 4). Visual assessment using the potato flesh colour card and instrumental measurements (determining the a, b and L values in Hunter-Lab) were equally suitable for measuring colour. The a and b values, i.e. the instrumentally measured colour values for the red-green and yellow-blue bands, were directly correlated with the visually determined flesh colour, whilst the lightness value L showed no relationship to the flesh colour of the cultivars (Fig. 2).
    Abstract: Résumé La teneur et la composition des caroténoïdes ont été déterminées avec l'aide de la méthode HPLC sur 13 variétés de pommes de terre d'une même provenance (fig. 1). La teneur totale en caroténoïdes était situé entre 343 μg/100 g (variété Monza) et 27 μg/100 g de poids frais (variété Kero) (tab. 1). Le composant principal est la violaxanthine avec des valeurs se situant entre 8 μg/100 g et 244 μg/ 100 g, viennent ensuite la luteine et la luteine-5,6-époxide, puis dans des concentrations plus faibles, la néoxanthine A et la néoxanthine. Le β-carotène n'a pas pu être dosé, sinon seulement sous forme de traces. Les teneurs en violaxanthine et en luteine vont en décroissant de la peau à la moelle du tubercule (peau, écorce, moelle), en revanche la luteine-5,6-époxide est pratiquement constante (tab. 2). La coloration de la chair et la teneur en caroténoïdes sont en étroite relation (fig. 4). La contribution des différentes caroténoïdes sur la coloration de la chair est à peu près égale. L'analyse multiple linéaire de régression donne une bonne corrélation entre les caroténoïdes et la note de coloration, à l'exception de la néoxanthine A. La teneur totale en caroténoïdes donne pour cette raison, tant avec la méthode visuelle de taxation (échelle de coloration des chairs de pommes de terre) que par la mensuration avec l'appareil (Hunter-Lab), la meilleure corrélation (fig. 4). Pour les variétés à très haute teneur en caroténoïdes la relation avec la coloration de la chair n'est plus linéaire. Chez la variété Ilse qui présente une teneur relativement faible de caroténoiïdes mais une coloration intensive de la chair, il doit s'agir d'autres pigments non identifiés dans ce travail (fig. 4). Pour la mensuration de la coloration de la chair des pommes de terre, la méthode visuelle avec l'aide d'une échelle de pointage et l'appareil de mesurage (détermination des valeurs a, b, et L avec Hunter-Lab) donnent des résultats identiques. Les valeurs a et b obtenues avec l'appareil sur l'axe rouge-vert et jaune-bleu sont en correlation avec le pointage visuel de la coloration de la chair (fig. 3). En revanche le degré de clarté ne présente pas de relation avec la coloration de la chair (fig. 2).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Carotinoidgehalt bei 13 Kartoffelsorten vom gleichen Standort liegt zwischen 343 μg/100 g (Sorte Monza) und 27 μg/ 100 g Frischgewicht (Sorte Kero). Hauptkomponente ist Violaxanthin (8–244 μg/100 g), gefolgt von Lutein, Lutein-5,6-epoxid und geringen Mengen Neoxanthin und Neoxanthin a. Innerhalb der Knolle (Schale, Rinde, Kern) nehmen die Gehalte an Violaxanthin und Lutein von aussen nach innen stark ab, Lutein-5,6-epoxid dagegen nicht. Fleischfarbe und Carotinoidgehalt stehen in einer direkten linearen Beziehung zueinander. Die beste Korrelation zwischen visueller ebenso wie instrumenteller Farbnote ergibt sich mit dem Gesamt-Carotinoidgehalt. Der Beitrag der einzelnen Carotinoide zur Fleischfarbe ist etwa gleich gross. Die lineare Abhängigkeit der Fleischfarbe vom Carotinoidgehalt gilt nicht mehr bei Sorten mit hohem Carotinoidgehalt. Zur Farbmessung sind die vissuelle Benotung (Fleischfarbenkarte) und die instrumentelle Farbmessung (‘Hunter Lab’) in gleicher Weise geeignet.
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