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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric evaluation of primary sensory neurons in experimental p-bromophenylacetylurea intoxication (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primary sensory neuron ; Neuropathy ; Morphometry ; Para-bromophenylacetylurea ; Neurotoxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the three-dimensional pathology of lumbar primary sensory neurons in p-bromophenylacetylurea intoxication, the number and size distribution of neurons and of myelinated fibers were evaluated at the L-6 spinal ganglion level and at proximal and distal levels of sural nerve and thoracic (proximal) and cervical (distal) levels of Goll's tract, respectively, 2 and 6 weeks after the intoxication in rats. The number and size distribution of ganglion neuron cell bodies were not significantly different between intoxicated and control rats. The distal level of sural nerve had, significantly fewer large myelinated fibers than did control, and a significantly higher frequency of fibers undergoing degeneration. Proximal levels of sural nerve showed similar, but less severe changes. Similarly, the myelinated fibers of Goll's tract were significantly more affected at cervical than at thoracic level. Therefore, by morphometric criteria both centrally and peripherally directed myelinated fibers are most affected distally and less affected proximally while neuron cell bodies are not affected at all. These three-imensional morphological changes must be taken into consideration in formulating possible mechanisms for the development of this neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    F-actin network may regulate a Cl− channel in renal proximal tubule cells (1993)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 134 (1993), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Ion channel ; Cytochalasin D ; Actin ; Patch clamp ; Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of ion channel molecules. As integral membrane proteins, ion channels may interact with the cytoskeleton. Regulation of channels by the actin network may therefore be important. In the present study we used cytochalasin D and exogenous actin to test this possibility. The Cl− channel of the apical membrane of renal proximal epithelium was detected in its active state after prolonged depolarization. Within 6 sec after its addition, cytochalasin D (0.05 μg/ml) significantly decreased the number of open channels and mean open probability (NPo) of the Cl− channel. Colchicine (1 mm), which affects microtubules, did not influence channel activation. Cytochalasin D is known to not only disrupt the F-actin network but to inhibit polymerization of F-actin as well. The latter effect is also produced by DNaseI. Cytochalasin D, but not DNaseI, inactivated Cl− channels in cell-free membrane patches, suggesting that cytochalasin D inactivated the channel by disrupting the actin network. Cytochalasin D appeared to specifically affect the channel, as opposed to membrane permeability, since only the activated whole-cell Cl− currents were altered by cytochalasin D. Addition of actin polymer, but not actin monomer, reactivated the cytochalasin-D-depressed channel. Thus, repair of the disrupted F-actin network with actin polymer apparently restored the activity and number of open Cl− channels. We therefore conclude that the F-actin network interacts with and possibly regulates the Cl− channel of renal proximal tubule epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233473
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooperative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities by hexachlorophene in human erythrocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1997), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Hexachlorophene  ;  Erythrocyte membrane  ; Acetylcholinesterase  ;  Cooperative inhibition  ; Hill coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hexachlorophene (HCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) all hemolyzed washed human erythrocytes and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities in erythrocyte membrane. HCP was much more potent in either effect than any other compound examined. The inhibition of AchE activities by HCP was reversed on adding albumin. The dose-response curves by HCP and PCP were sigmoidal, indicating cooperative inhibition, while those by 2,4,5-TCP and 2,4,6-TCP were not. Furthermore, the cooperativity of the inhibition by HCP was greater than by PCP. Differing from that by PCP, the cooperativity of inhibition increased depending on the temperature (13, 25, 37 °C) and decreased when the membrane was treated with Triton X-100. The cooperativity was also decreased in the presence of albumin. On a Scatchard plot analysis, erythrocyte membranes appeared to have multiple binding sites of different affinities for HCP; binding of HCP to the low affinity site [dissociation constant (Kd) 4.7 × 10–5 M] seemed to be responsible for the observed cooperative inhibition of AchE activities. Neither neostigmine nor fenitrothion altered the cooperativity. HCP seems to be the most potent cooperative inhibitor of AchE in human erythrocyte membranes known to date. HCP may be useful to examine AchE and milieu in human erythrocyte membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050369
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cylindol A, a Novel Biphenyl Ether with 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity, and a Related Compound from Imperata cylindrica (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 57 (1994), S. 1290-1293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50111a019
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Potassium Concentration in Microdialysis Perfusate on Basal and Stimulated Striatal Dopamine Release: Effect of Ceruletide, a Cholecystokinin-Related Peptide (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 61 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The in vivo microdialysis method was used to study the effect of the cholecystokinin-related peptide, ceruletide, on extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) in the striatum following perfusion with various K+ concentrations. Increasing the K+ concentration in the perfusate from 4 to 15 or 17.5 mM did not change basal DA release or release evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). However, when the perfusing solution contained 20 or 30 mM K+, dose-dependent reductions of both basal and MFB-stimulated DA release occurred. Subcutaneous administration of ceruletide at 160 μg/kg had no influence on the basal or MFB-stimulated DA release with 4 or 15 mM K+ in the perfusate. However, after perfusion with 17.5 mM K+, ceruletide significantly attenuated the basal and MFB-stimulated DA release. Carbachol (10 μM) locally applied via the dialysis probe also attenuated MFB-stimulated DA release after perfusion with 17.5 mM K+. From these results, we conclude that under appropriate depolarization of striatal DA terminals, ceruletide induces further depolarization and inactivation of nigrostriatal DA terminals. The present data suggest that this effect may be mediated via intrinsic cholinergic neurons in the striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09827.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct Detection of Ascorbyl Radical in Experimental Brain Injury: Microdialysis and an Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopic Study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To examine the role played by free radicals in brain injury, we performed experiments to detect radicals in the frontal cortex of rats, using electron spin resonance (ESR) and microdialysis. A dialysis probe was inserted into the frontal cortex, and spin adducts in perfusates were immediately detected by ESR. We obtained a relatively stable doublet signal, with parameters of g = 2.0057 and aH = 0.17 mT. This signal corresponded with that of the ascorbyl radical. Ascorbyl radical in the perfusate collected from the frontal cortex was augmented by microinjection of H2O2 and FeCl2 adjacent to the dialysis probe. When the rats were challenged with cold-induced brain injury, ascorbyl radical and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the perfusate increased significantly. Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuated the increase in ascorbyl radical and LDH level induced by the cold injury. Infusion of FeCl2 dissolved in perfusate caused a pronounced increase in ascorbyl radical and LDH level after the cold injury. We conclude that the direct detection of free radical formation further supports the hypothesis that free radicals play an important role in traumatic brain injury. Our findings also indicate that combined microdialysis with ESR spectroscopy is a useful in vivo method for monitoring free radical production in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010282.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel gnd mutation leading to increased l-lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 242 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Toward more efficient l-lysine production, we have been challenging genome-based strain breeding by the approach of assembling only relevant mutations in a single wild-type background. Following the creation of a new l-lysine producer Corynebacterium glutamicum AHP-3 that carried three useful mutations (lysC311, hom59, and pyc458) on the relevant downstream pathways, we shifted our target to the pentose phosphate pathway. Comparative genomic analysis for the pathway between a classically derived l-lysine producer and its parental wild-type identified several mutations. Among these mutations, a Ser-361 → Phe mutation in the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene (gnd) was defined as a useful mutation for l-lysine production. Introduction of the gnd mutation into strain AHP-3 by allelic replacement led to approximately 15% increased l-lysine production. Enzymatic analysis revealed that the mutant enzyme was less sensitive than the wild-type enzyme to allosteric inhibition by intracellular metabolites, such as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, ATP, and NADPH, which were known to inhibit this enzyme. Isotope-based metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that the gnd mutation resulted in 8% increased carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway during l-lysine production. These results indicate that the gnd mutation is responsible for diminished allosteric regulation and contributes to redirection of more carbon to the pentose phosphate pathway that was identified as the primary source for NADPH essential for l-lysine biosynthesis, thereby leading to improved product formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of oral health promotion in the workplace: the effects on dental care costs and frequency of dental visits (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 29 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – An oral health promotion program has been conducted since 1989 at a shipyard in Japan. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of oral health promotion in the workplace in terms of dental care costs and frequency of dental visits. Methods: This program consisted of orientation, an initial regimen, and group counseling. The initial regimen included an evaluation of each participant’s oral health status, and instruction concerning oral hygiene, and prevention of oral disease. The participants were selected with each unit being a preexisting peer group. Eighty-seven participants were compared with 216 control subjects in terms of annual dental care costs and frequency of dental visits in four periods: the 1-year period before the program, the 1st year after the program, the 2nd year after, and the 3rd year after. Results: The annual mean dental care cost in the participant group for the year prior to the program was higher than that in the control group (21 317 vs. 17 116 yen). In the 1st year after the program, the difference increased (26 642 vs. 19 481 yen). In the 2nd and 3rd years after the program, dental care costs in the participant group were lower than those in the control group (2nd year: 18 305 vs. 22 841 yen, 3rd year: 16 911 vs. 21 920 yen). Conclusions: It can be concluded that this oral health promotion program in the workplace contributed to saving of costs associated with dental care. The workplace can be regarded as a key area for implementation of an oral health care system to make good use of limited resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290307.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperproduction of Tryptophan in Corynebacterium glutamicum by Pathway Engineering (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 11 (1993), S. 921-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have performed pathway engineering of a tryptophan-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum using cloned homologous genes. Plasmid-mediated amplification of a feedback-insensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulospnate 7-phosphate synthase (DS) in the strain augmented the carbon flow down the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0893-921
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of a pH-sensitive K + channel possessing two transmembrane segments (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 642-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Rabbit renal collecting ducts were isolated, cultured and trans-formed with the SV40 gene. Patch-clamping experiments revealed that cells from the third to fifth passages at confluence possessed more K+ channels than are usually observed in grow-ing cells. A cDNA library was constructed from the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/367642a0
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