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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of Mixed Waste Office Paper to Ethanol by Genetically Engineered Klebsiella oxytoca Strain P2 (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biotechnology progress 11 (1995), S. 619-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp00036a003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated fatty acid requirement inEscherichia coli: Mechanism of palmitate-induced inhibition of growth of strain WN1 (1982)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 65 (1982), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: lipids ; membranes ; Escherichia coli ; temperature adaptation ; fatty acids ; phase separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The minimum requirement for unsaturated fatty acids was investigated inE. coli using a mutant impaired in the synthesis of vaccenic acid. Exogenously supplied palmitic acid was incorporated by this mutant which led to a reduction in the proportion of cellular unsaturated fatty acids. Growth was impaired as the level of saturated fatty acids approached 76% at 37°C and 60% at 30°C. The basis of this growth inhibition was investigated. Most transport systems and enzymes examined remained active in palmitate-grown cells although the specific activities of glutamate uptake and succinic dehydrogenase were depressed 50%. Fluorescent probes of membrane organization indicated that fluidity decreased with palmitate incorportation. Temperature scans with parinaric acid indicated that rigid lipid domains exist in palmitategrown cells at their respective growth temperature. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy confirmed the presence of phase separations (particle-free areas) in palmitate-grown cells held at their growth temperature prior to quenching. The extent of this separation into particle-free and particle-enriched domains was equivalent to that induced by a shift to 0°C in control cells. The incorporation of palmitate increased nucleotide leakage over threefold. The cytoplasmic enzyme β-galactosidase was released into the surrounding medium as the concentration of unsaturated fatty acid approached the minimum for a particular growth temperature. Lysis was observed as a decrease in turbidity when cells which had been grown with palmitate were shifted to a lower growth temperature. From these results we propose that leakage and partial lysis are the major factors contributing to the apparent decrease in growth rate caused by the excessive incorporation of palmitate. Further, we propose that membrane integrity may determine the minimum requirement for unsaturated fatty acids inE. coli rather than a specific effect on membrane transport and/or membrane-bound enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870466
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation of crystalline cellulose to ethanol by Klebsiella oxytoca containing chromosomally integrated Zymomonas mobilis genes (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biotechnology progress 9 (1993), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp00023a013
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering endoglucanase-secreting strains of ethanologenic Klebsiella oxytoca P2 (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 600-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: endoglucanase; ethanol; Klebsiella; Erwinia; lignocellulose; biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Klebsiella oxytoca P2 was developed as a biocatalyst for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose by chromosomally integrating Zymomonas mobilis genes (pdc, adhB) encoding the ethanol pathway. This strain contains the native ability to transport and metabolize cellobiose, eliminating the need to supplement with β-glucosidase during SSF. To increase the utility of this biocatalyst, we have now chromosomally integrated the celZ gene encoding the primary endoglucanase from Erwinia chrysanthemi. This gene was expressed at high levels by replacing the native promoter with a surrogate promoter derived from Z. mobilis DNA. With the addition of out genes encoding the type II protein secretion system from E. chrysanthemi, over half of the active endoglucanase (EGZ) was secreted into the extracellular environment. The two most active strains, SZ2(pCPP2006) and SZ6(pCPP2006), produced approximately 24 000 IU L−1 of CMCase activity, equivalent to 5% of total cellular protein. Recombinant EGZ partially depolymerized acid-swollen cellulose and allowed the production of small amounts of ethanol by SZ6(pCPP2006) without the addition of fungal cellulase. However, additional endoglucanase activities will be required to complete the depolymerization of cellulose into small soluble products which can be efficiently metabolized to ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900666
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of a new vector for the expression of foreign genes inZymomonas mobilis (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1986), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Cloning vector construction ; Expression ; Zymomonas mobilis ; Isolation of promoters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Broad host range plasmids have previously been shown to be suitable as vectors to introduce antibiotic resistance genes intoZ. mobilis. However, attempts to use these vectors to carry other genes with enteric promoters and controlling elements have resulted in limited success due to poor expression. Thus we have constructed a promoter cloning vector in a modified pBR327 and used this vector to isolated 12 promoters fromZ. mobilis which express various levels of β-galactosidase inEscherichia coli. Four of these were then subcloned into pCVD 305 for introduction intoZ. mobilis. All expressed β-galactosidase inZ. mobilis with activities of 100 to 1800 Miller units. One of these retained aBamHl site into which new genes can be readily inserted immediately downstream from theZ. mobilis promoter. Genetic traits carried by pCVD 305 were initially unstable but spontaneous variants were produced during sub-culture in which the plasmid was resistant to curing at elevated temperature. One of these variants was examined in some detail. The increased stability of this variant appears to result from an alteration in the plasmid rather than a chromosomal mutation or from chromosomal integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production from hemicellulose hydrolysates of agricultural residues using genetically engineeredEscherichia coli strain KO11 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: ethanol ; E. coli ; biomass ; lignocellulose ; pentose ; hemicellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hemicellulose hydrolysates of the agricultural residues bagasse, corn stover, and corn hulls plus fibers were readily fermented to ethanol by recombinantEscherichia coli strain KO11. Corn steep liquor and crude yeast autolysate served as excellent nutrients. Fermentations were substantially complete within 48 h, often achieving over 40 g ethanol L−1. Ethanol yields ranged from 86% to over 100% of the maximum theoretical yield (0.51 g ethanol g sugar−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soy-based medium for ethanol production byEscherichia coli KO11 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 374-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: soy ; hydrolysate ; nutrient ; fermentation ; ethanol ; amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An optimized soy-based medium was developed for ethanol production byEscherichia coli KO11. The medium consists of mineral salts, vitamins, crude enzymatic hydrolysate of soy and fermentable sugar. Ethanol produced after 24 h was used as an endpoint in bioassays to optimize hydrolysate preparation. Although longer fermentation times were required with soy medium than with LB medium, similar final ethanol concentrations were achieved (44–45 g ethanol L−1 from 100 g glucose L−1). The cost of materials for soy medium (excluding sugar) was estimated to be $0.003 L−1 broth, $0.006 L−1 ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of process errors on the production of ethanol by Escherichia coli KO11 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: lignocellulose; biomass; fermentation; ethanol; E. coli KO11; xylose; process errors; process upsets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli KO11 was previously constructed for the production of ethanol from both hexose and pentose sugars in hemicellulose hydrolysates by inserting the Zymomonas mobilis genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhB). This biocatalyst appears relatively resistant to potential process errors during fermentation. Antibiotics were not required to maintain the maximum catabolic activity of KO11 even after deliberate contamination with up to 10% soil. Fermentations exposed to extremes of temperature (2 h at 5°C or 50°C) or pH (2 h at pH 3 or pH 10) recovered after re-adjustment to optimal fermentation conditions (35°C, pH6) although longer times were required for completion in most cases. Ethanol yields were not altered by exposure to extremes in temperature but were reduced by exposure to extremes in pH. Re-inoculation with 5% (by volume) from control fermentors reduced this delay after exposure to pH extremes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900524
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production from starch by recombinantEscherichia coli containing integrated genes for ethanol production and plasmid genes for saccharification (1992)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 14 (1992), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Ethanologenic strains ofEscherichia coli have been developed which can express thermostable enzymes for starch saccharification as intracellular products. These enzymes can be harvested within cells at the end of fermentation and liberated by heating to the temperature at which they exhibit maximal activity (60°C to 70°C). Organisms such as these could be used to supply enzymes for yeast-based fermentations while producing ethanol as a co-product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021257
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of hydrolysates of corn cobs and hulls into ethanol by recombinantEscherichia coli B containing integrated genes for ethanol production (1992)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 14 (1992), S. 857-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Hemicellulose and residual starch in corn hulls from wet milling and hemicellulose in corn cobs were hydrolyzed by incubation in dilute sulfuric acid at 140°C to 160°C. These hydrolysates were efficiently fermented to ethanol by a genetically engineered derivative ofE. coli B, strain KO11. Fermentation of com hull hydrolysate was complete after 48 h with a final ethanol concentration of 38 grams per liter. Fermentation of corn cob hydrolysate was essentially complete after 24 h due to a lower concentration of sugars and higher levels of inocula. In both cases, ethanol produced was equivalent to 100% of the maximum theoretical yield (0.51 grams ethanol/gram sugar) based on momoner sugar content. ThusE. coli B strain KO11 appears to be an excellent candidate for the efficient production of ethanol from hydrolysates of corn residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029153
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