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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The kinetics of oxygen consumption during the induction period of oxidation of high density polyethylene was studied in the presence of inhibitor 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert.butylphenol) within the range 180–220° C. The oxygen consumption curves are complicated, the initial and maximum rates of oxygen consumption pass through minimum with increasing inhibitor concentration. The molecular weight distribution narrows in the course of inhibited oxidation. Analysis of the regularities found enabled us to distinguish the rates of oxygen consumption by the polymer and by the inhibitor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 20 (1988), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary HDPE and LLDPE (containing n-butyl branches) were degraded in a closed mixing chamber. After degradation some physical and mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the chemical structure of the polymers. The effect of degradation was found different for the two materials. Physical and mechanical properties of HDPE depend strongly on crystallization conditions and chemical irregularities of the polymer chain. The most pronounced change in physical properties was found as an effect of oxygen incorporation into the polymer at the beginning of the process. Tensile properties of the samples have shown rapid destruction after the yield point. Physical and mechanical properties of LLDPE reveal much less dependence on crystallization conditions and changes of the chemical structure. Chemical changes caused by degradation of the polymer do not essentially change the degree of crystallinity under the conditions investigated. Chain breaking of the polymer results in a slight decrease in the tensile properties, which can be attributed to the decrease in the number of tie-chains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The formation kinetics of functional groups and the kinetics of the molecular mass change were investigated in low density polyethylene oxidized under different conditions in static and dynamic equipments. The processes studied were found highly sensitive to the oxygen supply. With the increase of [O2] higher rate of oxidation and increasing fragmentation can be observed. If [O2] is reduced, crosslinking will dominate. Mechanical effect was significant only during the melting of the polymer. Under dynamic conditions, diffusion control was always found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 254 (1976), S. 769-769 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 531-537 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary A study was made on the oxidation of a low density polyethylene and of an isotactic and an atactic polypropylene in solution. The solvent was 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene and the process was investigated at different temperatures, with varying concentrations of the initiator and of the polymer. Under the experimental conditions, a non-accelerating chain reaction proceeds at the beginning of the process. The equation derived from the proposed simplified mechanism describes consistently the dependences of experimentally measured rates on the concentrations of the initiator and of the polymer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 18 (1987), S. 525-532 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Degradation of linear high density polyethylene (HDPE) and butyl branched linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was studied during moulding in a closed mixing chamber. At the beginning of the process the rate of oxidative degradation was found faster for LLDPE than for HDPE but later this relation reversed. The degradation mechanism was the same for both types of polyethylenes but the rate of elementary steps depended on the chemical structure of the polymer chain. The differences were attributed to the structural differences in the original materials and the products formed during degradation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of a special additive containing stabilizer and sensitizer groups was studied in thermal and photooxidation of polypropylene.In thermooxidation, the induction period of oxygenz absorption decreased, and its rate increased with the increase of the amount of the additive. In photooxidation, however, the shortest induction period and highest rate of carbonyl formation can be achieved at an optimal additive concentration.The final molecular mass of the samples after irradiation till the spontaneous rupture falls in the range of moldecular mass consumable for the microbes.On the basis of the results, it seems to be possible to stabilize the polymer during processing and storage, and sensitize under solar irradiation with the same additive.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 224 (1995), S. 33-48 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chemische und mechanische Eigenschaften von Zwischenprodukten der PE-Schrumpfschlauch-Produktion wurden bei unterschiedlichen Compound-Zusammensetzungen (PE, ein aromatisches Amin oder Phenolderivat als Antioxidans und in einigen Fällen ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder eine Elastomerkomponente) untersucht.Während der Herstellung, besonders während der durch Elektronenstrahlung initiierten Vernetzung, nimmt die thermooxidative Stabilität des Materials gegenüber der des compoundierten Granulats ab. Das aromatische Amin scheint bei gleicher Zusammensetzung das wirksamere und strahlungsbeständigere Antioxidans im Vergleich zum Phenolderivat zu sein. Die Oxidationsstabilität der hergestellten Schrumpfschläuche wird nicht von der Qualität des eingesetzten PE-Ausgangsgranulats beeinflußt.Durch die Alterung des Materials ändern sich die mechanischen Eigenschaften geringfügig. Die Elastomerzugabe bewirkt keine Änderung von Zugfestigkeit und Reißdehnung. Die Stabilität des Endprodukts ist bei weitem ausreichend, um den Spannungen, die beim Schrumpfen während des Gebrauchs auftreten, standzuhalten. Die gute Zugfestigkeit des Materials wird durch die Alterung ebenfalls nicht beeinträchtigt.Bei der Extrusion des Granulats tritt keine nennenswerte Änderung des Molekulargewichts bzw. der Molekulargewichtsverteilung auf. Durch die Bestrahlung wird das Material vernetzt und zu mehr als 50% unlöslich, und seine thermooxidativen Eigenschaften ändern sich deutlich gegenüber dem ursprünglichen PE und dem daraus compoundierten Material.
    Notizen: Some chemical and mechanical properties of intermediate products obtained in the production of PE heat-shrinkable tubes were studied at different compositions of the material containing PE, antioxidant (aromatic amime or phenol) and, in some cases, flame retardant and/or an elastomer.In the course of the production phase, the thermooxidative stability decreases compared to that of compounded granulate. The greatest decrease is caused by irradiation. The aromatic amine seems to be a more effective antioxidant at similar compositions than the phenol derivative, and it shows a better resistance against irradiation. The oxidative stability of the finished shrinkable tubes is not affected by the quality of commercial granulate (initial polyethylene).Mechanical properties change slightly upon ageing, and the introduction of the elastomer did not alter the tensile strength and elongation at break. The remaining stability of the end product was still high enough to bear the stress of shrinking in use, and the good tensile strength of the material did not decrease upon thermal ageing either.In the extrusion of the granulated compound no significant change in the distribution and average molecular weight took place. Irradiation produced more than 50% insoluble fraction and the thermooxidative properties of the crosslinked sample changed significantly compared to the original PE and to the compound prepared from it.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 247 (1997), S. 225-238 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Some chemical and mechanical properties of intermediate products obtained in the production of PE heat shrinkable tubes were studied, seeking correlations between the composition and the properties. Different PE granulates were mixed with antioxidant (amine or phenol derivative), flame retardant agent and, for some samples, with elastomer. The compounds were extruded to tubes, which were then crosslinked by electron beam irradiation and subsequently extended to twice the original diameter.In the course of the production phases, the thermooxidative stability decreased compared to that of compounded granulate. The greatest decrease was caused by the irradiation. The aromatic amine seems to be the more effective antioxidant at similar compositions than the phenol derivative and it shows a better resistance against irradiation. The oxidative stability of the finished shrinkable tubes was not affected by the quality of commercial granulate (initial polyethylene).Mechanical properties changed slightly upon ageing, and the introduction of the elastomer did not alter the tensile strength and elongation at break. The remaining stability of the end-product was more than enough to bear the stress of shrinking in use, and the good tensile strength of the material did not decrease upon thermal ageing either.During extrusion of the granulated compound no significant change took place in the distribution and molar mass averages. Irradiation produced more than 50% insoluble fraction, and the thermooxidative properties of the crosslinked sample changed significantly compared to the original PE and to the compound prepared from it.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2539-2550 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A combined (chemical and infrared (IR) spectrophotometric) method is discussed for the simultaneous determination of concentrations of carboxyl (A), ketone (K), and ester (E) groups formed in the oxidation of polyethylene (PE). The IR absorptivities of these functional groups were determined by using model compounds [stearic acid, stearone, poly-(1,4-butylene sebacate)]. The integral absorption of the C=O band of polymer samples which contained several oxo groups of different types was found to be additive. This method was applied to the determination of the carboxyl, ester, and ketone content of samples oxidized at different oxygen pressures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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