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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clomethiazole (ZENDRA, CMZ) improves hind limb motor function and reduces neuronal damage after severe spinal cord injury in rat (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 22-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Clomethiazole ; Rat ; Spinal cord-injury ; Neuroprotection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clomethiazole (CMZ) has a neuroprotective effect in experimental focal and global forebrain ischemia. This neuroprotective effect may depend on its ability to enhance GABA receptor activity. We have studied the effect of pretreatment with CMZ on motor function recovery and nerve cell damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). Rats were randomized and 30 min before SCI they received a single intraperitoneal dose of CMZ (150 mg/kg) or saline. The spinal cord was injured with a 50 g (4.5 g/mm2) load, applied over the exposed dura, through a curved rectangular plate (2.2 × 5.0 mm) for 5 min at T8–9. The animals became paraplegic 1 day after injury. The rats were evaluated for recovery of hind limb motor function. All animals recovered to some extent over the observation period of 12 weeks. However, hind limb motor function was significantly better in the animals pretreated with CMZ. At 12 weeks the rats were killed and perfused/fixed for morphological investigations. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunostaining was used to stain neurons and dendrites and Luxol-fast blue to stain myelinated tracts of the white matter. The injured segment of the spinal cord showed severe atrophy, distortion, cavitation and necrosis of grey and white matter. Compared to uninjured controls the transverse sectional area was reduced to 32.7 ± 4% in untreated animals but only to 38.5% ± 4.1 in CMZ-treated animals. MAP2 staining showed that, compared to uninjured controls, grey matter was reduced to 7.4 ± 2.7% in saline-treated injured animals and to 22.7 ± 5.4% in CMZ-treated rats. Our results thus show that in this model CMZ improves hind limb motor function and attenuates the morphological damage to the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in cerebral microvessels after cortical contusion trauma in a rat model (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Brain ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was made on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in cerebral microvessels after cortical contusion trauma of the rat brain. The trauma was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of one fronto-parietal lobe. Immunohistochemistry was done on cryostat sections using a monoclonal antibody and the reaction product was visualized using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Control and sham-operated rats showed immunostaining of some penetrating arteries of the cerebral cortex, the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and occasional microvessels of the brain parenchyma. The same pattern of immunostaining was seen in rats that were subjected to trauma and killed after 30 min. All rats with contusion trauma that were allowed to survive for 6–72 h showed a substantial increase in the number of immunostained capillaries throughout the site of the lesion. The ipsilateral hippocampus showed a mild to moderate increase in the number of immunostained microvascular profiles. This phenomenon was also present in the lateral thalamus of some rats. The staining was seen as an uninterrupted line at the position of the endothelial cells, indicating an up-regulation of this adhesion molecule after brain trauma. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 is a well-known phenomenon in inflammatory and ischemic lesions of the brain but has not previously been described in detail in traumatic brain injury. ICAM-1 may be involved in the production of several post-traumatic events such as leukocyte adhesion, microcirculatory disturbances and edema formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050666
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of dynamical behaviour of a rotor with deflection limiters (1999)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 133 (1999), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The dynamical behaviour of a rotor running into contact with a non-annular stator is studied by numerical simulations. The rotor is represented by a 2-dof model moving in one plane. The stator models an arbitrary number of discrete stops by superimposing annular stators with large clearances and high offsets. Friction forces are included in the contact description. The strongly nonlinear differential equations are integrated using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta procedure. Time histories for start-up and run-down sequences are simulated in two numerical examples. Different stop configurations have been evaluated. For a configuration with four symmetrically distributed stops an interesting bouncing phenomenon was discovered. This was not found for a non-symmetrical configuration. When the bouncing phenomenon occurred, the radial displacement of the rotor was larger for the stators with stops than for an annular stator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01179007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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