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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes ; Insulin resistance ; Postreceptor defects ; Animal model ; High fat diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postreceptor insulin resistance was studied in liver, muscle and adipose tissue from NMRI mice of both sexes made diabetic by long-term fat-feeding. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests showed a combination of impaired glucose tolerance and increased plasma insulin concentrations consistent with insulin resistance and reduced peripheral and hepatic uptake of glucose. In the morning, the fat-fed mice were normoinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic. Liver glucokinase activity and glycogen content were reduced whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was enhanced. Fatty acid synthase activity was decreased but glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, acetyl CoA carboxylase, were both unaffected. In muscle, the proportion of glycogen synthase in the active I-form was decreased. Total glycogen synthase activity was not affected. In isolated adipocytes, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, as well as basal and insulin-stimulated lipogenesis from glucose were all severely inhibited, oxidation more so than lipogenesis. It is concluded that insulin resistance and postreceptor metabolic disorders in liver, muscle and adipose tissue from mice made diabetic by long-term fat-feeding are very similar to those demonstrated in human type 2 diabetics and may be studied in more detail and with more ease in this particular animal model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Type 2, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Insulin secretion ; Islet glucose metabolism ; Insulin biosynthesis ; Proinsulin mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Insulin secretion, insulin biosynthesis and islet glucose oxidation were studied in pancreatic islets isolated from fat-fed diabetic mice of both sexes. Insulin secretion from isolated islets was studied after consecutive stimulation with α-ketoisocaproic acid + glutamine, glucose, forskolin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was impaired in islets from fat-fed mice. This was associated with a reduction of approximately 50% in islet glucose oxidation. Islet insulin secretion stimulated by the non-carbohydrate secretagogues tended to be higher in the fat-fed mice, but a statistically significant effect was not observed. Pancreatic insulin content was reduced by 50%, whereas the islet insulin and DNA content was unchanged after fat feeding. Proinsulin mRNA was reduced by 35% in islets from fat-fed mice, and was associated with a reduction of approximately 50% in glucose-stimulated (pro)insulin biosynthesis. It is concluded that the insulin secretory response of islets isolated from fat-fed mice is similar to the secretory pattern known from human type 2, non-insulin-dependent diabetics, and that a defect in islet glucose recognition, resulting in decreased glucose oxidation, may be responsible for the observed insulin secretory and biosynthetic defects seen after glucose stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 908 (1987), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: (T. pyriformis) ; Inhibition ; RNA polymerase ; Transcription rate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 371-373 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words ISO 9001 ; Employee involvement ; Quality development ; Quality improvement ; Quality system appraisal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Who could be better than the staff themselves to point out inappropriate and ineffective elements in a quality system? A dialogue between the supplier and the customer for clarification of the customers' requirements and possible quality problems is often part of a quality management system. Of no less importance is a dialogue with the staff who "live" with the quality system in the everyday work environment, handling procedures, keeping records, and controlling documents, etc. For this reason a simple internal user inquiry was conducted. The anonymous inquiry form considered areas which effect daily work, and posed questions which, we had reasons to believe, could be tender points among staff. The result was a very positive feedback on the questions, and several advantages and disadvantages were brought forward. Our experience after 2 years with ISO 9001 certification is that internal inquiries are just as important as the dialogue with customers in maintaining an appropriate and effective quality system. Furthermore, such inquiries focus on the quality system and involve the staff in adjustments, tailoring the system and in quality improvements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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