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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  In this study, the role of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the course of mechanically induced root resorption was investigated.Methods:  Mechanical induction of root resorption was performed on the upper left first molars in 18 male Wistar rats according to the method of Nakane and Kameyama. Starting on day minus 1, six animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of 2 ml of 1 µg/ml soluble receptors to IL-1 (sIL-1RII) and another six animals were administered the same dose of soluble receptors to TNFα (sTNFα-RI). Six animals served as a control. On d 7 the left maxillae were prepared for histological and morphometric analysis of the extent of the root resorption that had developed.Results:  The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrated that in both receptor groups the amount of root resorption was significantly reduced. Especially following systemic application of sTNFα-RI, root resorption was nearly completely prevented.Conclusions:  Our results indicate that IL-1 and more particularly TNFα are important for the induction and the further process of mechanically induced root resorption in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 20 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Differential expression of genes localized within the polycistronic puf operon of Rhodobacter capsulatus is partly due to altered stabilities of individual mRNA segments. We show that the 5’untranslated region (UTR) of pufB contributes to the unusual longevity of the 0.5 kb light-harvesting (LH) I specific pufBA mRNA and of the 2.7 kb pufBALMX mRNA. Three stem-loop structures have been identified within the pufQ-pufB intercistronic region by means of RNA secondary-structure analysis in vitro and in vivo. Deletion analysis of the pufB 5’UTR indicates that the complete set of secondary structures is required to maintain wild-type levels of pufBA mRNA stability. A phylogenetic comparison of pufB 5’UTRs of other photosynthetic bacteria reveals an evolutionary conservation of the base-pairing potential despite sequence divergence. Comparison of puf mRNA decay in Escherichia coli strains with or without endoribonuclease E (RNase E) activity suggests that the pufB 5′ secondary structures protect the downstream mRNA segment against degradation by RNase E. Removal of the 117-nucleotide pufQ-pufB intercistronic region results in loss of stability for the pufBA and pufBALMX mRNAs with concomitant stabilization of the full-length puf primary transcript (QBALMX). We therefore conclude that the deleted sequence functions both as a stabilizing element for pufBALMX and pufBA segments and as a target site for initial rate-limiting decay of the unstable pufQBALMX mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this immunohistochemical study two monoclonal antibodies, ED1 and ED2, which recognize exclusively cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the rat, were applied to study the presence of these cells during remodelling of the periodontal tissues following mechanically induced orthodontic tooth movement. The immunohistochemical procedure was carried out successfully on routinely processed, paraffin-embedded histological sections using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex (ABC) technique. Cells of the MPS could be demonstrated on positive control sections of rat spleen and bone marrow. For the study of remodelling of the periodontal tissues only the ED1 antibody proved to be suitable. With this antibody, positive mononuclear and multinuclear cells, i.e. macrophages and osteoclasts, were seen throughout the periodontium even in the control animals. After the induction of orthodontic tooth movement activation of macrophages, osteoclasts and odontoclasts was demonstrable, all of them showing a clear-cut positive reaction to ED1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Brain tumours ; Drug interaction ; Ifosfamide ; In vitro chemotherapy ; MESNA ; Response surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Drug interference of ifosfamide and sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (MESNA) was studied in three malignant glioma cell cultures (HTZ-17, HTZ-209B, and HTZ-243) by a recently developed in vitro method for evaluation of multimodal treatment interactions. Glioma cell cultures were treated in monolayer 96-well tissue-culture plates for 2 h each, with 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide and MESNA combined in both sequences, or alone. Concentrations ranged from 0.01 μM to 50 μM in single-modality exposures, and from 0.01 μM to 10 μM in combination exposures. After five population doubling times, DNA synthesis was determined by a standard [3H]Tdr-incorporation liquid-scintillation-counting protocol. Data points were evaluated for mono- and combined treatment dose effects (adapted with a probit function), and a model-free three-dimensional response surface was created that was compared to the theoretical additive, anticipated response surface. Local additivity was analysed for any ratio of combined treatment. No tumour effects were seen with MESNA in single-drug exposure, whereas ifosfamide resulted in more than 90% inhibition of tumour DNA synthesis. In combination experiments, MESNA could be confirmed to be inert: the anticipated theoretical combination response surfaces formed a three-dimensional extension of the single-drug ifosfamide dose/response curves — the experimental combination response surfaces displayed an identical appearance (P≤0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate no drug interference of MESNA and ifosfamide in malignant glioma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Depression ; Brainstem midline ; changes ; Transcranial sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies using transcranial sonography (TCS) have provided evidence of alterations in the mesencephalic midline structures in patients with unipolar depression and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting an involvement of the basal limbic system in primary and secondary mood disorders. This study tested the hypothesis of brainstem midline abnormality in depression and investigated 31 PD patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TCS. Signal intensity of the pontine and mesencephalic brainstem midline was rated on T2-weighted images and measured by relaxometry. In addition, two blinded investigators assessed the echogenicity of the brainstem midline by TCS. The severity of motor symptoms and depression were graded independently using standard research scales. Rating of signal intensity and T2 relaxometry of the pontomesencephalic midline structures revealed significant difference between depressed and nondepressed PD patients (P 〈 0.05). This corresponded to a significant reduction in mesencephalic midline echogenicity of depressed PD patients on TCS images. No correlation was found between raphe signal intensity, T2 relaxation times, or TCS echogenicity and the severity of motor symptoms or depression. This study is the first to show changes in signal intensity and T2 relaxation time of the pontomesencephalic midline structures on MRI in depressed PD patients confirming previous TCS findings. As these midline structures comprise fiber tracts and nuclei of the basal limbic system, the findings may support the hypothesis of an alteration in the basal limbic system in mood disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 59 (1998), S. 394-394 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 60 (1999), S. 136-151 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Keywords: Tooth movement ; Simulation ; Finite element methods ; Zahnbewegung ; Simulation ; Finite-Elemente-Methoden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegungen beruhen auf der Fähigkeit des Knochens, auf äußere mechanische Reize mit einem Umbau des Kieferknochens zu reagieren. Die zugrundeliegenden Vorgänge laufen auf biophysikalischer, biochemischer und zellulärer Ebene ab und sind derzeit Gegenstand zahlreicher Untersuchungen. Eine geschlossene Beschreibung aller an der Zahnbewegung beteiligten Prozesse durch ein analytisches modell erscheint aufgrund der Komplexität zur Zeit nicht möglich. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse können jedoch bereits gewonnen werden, wenn es gelingt, ein auf der Mechanik basierendes Simulationsmodell aufzustellen, das die Knochenumbauvorgänge phänomenologisch darstellt. Zur Beschreibung der orthodontischen Zahnbewegung wurden daher zwei Modelle entwickelt. Grundlage des ersten Modells ist die Annahme, daß der mechanische Schlüsselreiz in Deformationen des parodontalen Ligaments zu sehen ist. Das zweite Modell basiert auf der Hypothese, daß Deformationen der Alveolarwand zum Knochenumbau und damit zur orthodontischen Zahnbewegung beitragen. Diese Modelle wurden in ein Finite-Elemente-Programmsystem integriert, das die Berechnung von Spannungen sowie Deformationen von Zahn und Zahnhalteapparat ermöglicht und hieraus die Bewegung des Zahns durch den Knochen berechnet. Zur Verifizierung wurden bei fünf Patienten Eckzahnretraktionen sowie die klinisch eingesetzten Kraftsysteme genau vermessen und mit Hilfe beider Modelle simuliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das erste Modell eine gute Vorhersage der orthodontischen Zahnbewegung erlaubt, während die Annahme, daß die mechanischen Deformationen der Alveolarwand den Knochenumbau mitbestimmen, die klinische Realität nicht zutreffend beschreibt.
    Notes: Abstract Orthodontic tooth movements are based on the ability of bone to react to mechanical stresses with the apposition and resorption of alveolar bone. Currently, the underlying biophysical, biochemical, and cellular processes are the subject of numerous studies. At present, however, an analytical description of orthodontic tooth movements including all components of the processes involved seems to be impossible. It was the aim of the present study to develop a mechanics-based phenomenological model capable of describing the alveolar bone remodeling. Thus, 2 different models were developed. The first is based on the assumption that deformations of the periodontal ligament (PDL) are the key stimulus to starting orthodontic tooth movement. The second supposes that deformations of the alveolar bone are the basis of orthodontic bone remodeling. Both models were integrated into a finite element package calculating stresses, strains and deformations of tooth and tooth supporting structures and from this simulating the movement of the tooth and its alveolus through the bone. Clinically induced canine retractions in 5 patients as well as force systems were exactly measured and the tooth movements were simulated using both models. The results show that the first model allows reliable simulation of orthodontic tooth movements, whereas the second is to be rejected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 61 (2000), S. 266-279 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Keywords: Key Words Tooth movement ; Simulation ; Biomechanics ; Finite element methods ; Bone remodeling ; Schlüsselwörter Zahnbewegung ; Simulation ; Biomechanik ; Finite-Elemente-Methoden ; Knochenumbau
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung: Für die Simulation orthodontischer Zahnbewegungen wurde ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, das die Knochenumbauprozesse um die Zahnwurzel auf der Grundlage sogenannter Bone-Remodeling-Theorien berechnet. Dieses Modell wurde eingesetzt, um verschiedene Arten geplanter Zahnbewegungen zu berechnen, die mit den klinisch zu erwartenden Ergebnissen verglichen wurden. Zur Simulation der Bewegung wurde die Wurzel eines Eckzahns idealisiert in Form eines elliptischen Paraboloids dargestellt und in ein Finite-Elemente-Programm eingelesen. Das Finite-Elemente-Modell wurde mit definierten Kraftsystemen belastet. In zwei Modellannahmen wurden entweder die mechanischen Belastungen 1. des paradontalen Ligaments oder 2. des Knochens verwendet, um den Knochenumbau um die Zahnwurzel bei folgenden Bewegungen zu simulieren: 1. Mesialkippung um das Widerstandszentrum (Kraftsystem am Bracket: reines Drehmoment von MY = 5 Nmm), 2. Rotation um die Zahnachse (MZ = 5 Nmm), 3. unkontrollierte Kippung um die Wurzelspitze (FX = 1 N, MZ = 5 Nmm), 4. Eckzahnretraktion (FX = 1 N, MY = −9,5 Nmm, MZ = 5 Nmm), 5. Und 6. Extrusion/Intrusion (FZ = ±0,5 N, MX = ±2,5 Nmm). Zum Vergleich mit klinischen Erfahrungen wurden die Zahnbewegungen auch aufgrund der Annahme eines festen Widerstandszentrums eines Eckzahns berechnet. Es zeigte sich, dass mit dem numerischen Modell des orthodontischen Knochenumbaus die Vorausberechnung geplanter Behandlungsschritte möglich ist. Die Ergebnisse sind jedoch stark abhängig von den Modellannahmen. Das Modell, das den Knochenumbau auf der Grundlage der Belastungen des Desmodonts simuliert, zeigte Ergebnisse, die mit den biomechanischen Annahmen über die Lage des Widerstandszentrums sehr gut übereinstimmten. Dagegen traten insbesondere bei der unkontrollierten Kippung, der Translation und der In-/Extrusion in den Simulationen mit dem zweiten Modell ausgeprägte Nebenwirkungen auf, die klinisch nicht zu beobachten sind.
    Notes: Abstract: A numerical model that calculates bone apposition and resorption around a tooth root on the basis of bone remodeling theories was developed to simulate orthodontic tooth movements. The model was used to calculate different kinds of orthodontic tooth movements, that were then compared with the expected movements based on clinical experience. For simulation of the movements the root of a canine was modeled in an idealized way in the form of an elliptical paraboloid and was processed with a finite element program. The finite element model was loaded with defined force systems. Two model assumptions were used to calculate the bone remodeling process. The mechanical loads firstly in the periodontal ligament and secondly in the alveolar bone were taken to simulate the following tooth movements: 1. mesial tipping around the center of resistance (force system at the bracket: isolated torque MY = Nmm), 2. Rotation around the long axis of the tooth (MZ = 5 Nmm), 3. uncontrolled tipping around the root tip (FX = 1 N, MZ = 5 Nmm), 4. canine retraction (FX = 1 N, MY = −9.5 Nmm, MZ = 5 Nmm), 5. and 6. extrusion/intrusion (FZ = ±0.5 N, MX = ±2.5 Nmm). Comparison with clinical experience was performed by calculating the orthodontic tooth movements based on the assumption of a fixed position of the center of resistance. It could be demonstrated that the numerical model of orthodontic bone remodeling can be used to calculate orthodontic tooth movements. However, the results are strongly dependent on the model assumptions. The model simulating the bone remodeling on the basis of the loading of the periodontal ligament delivers results that are in very good accordance with the biomechanical assumptions of the position of the center of resistance. However, marked side effects occurned with the second model, especially in the simulations of uncontrolled tipping, translation and intrusion/extrusion. Clinically, these side effects cannot be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Keywords: High resolution computed tomography ; Panoramic radiograph ; Impacted canines ; Root resorption ; Hochauflösende Computertomographie ; Panoramaschichtaufnahme ; Retinierte Oberkiefereckzähne ; Wurzelresorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 30 Panoramaaufnahmen (P1) von 30 Patienten sollten von zehn Kieferorthopäden die Anzahl retinierter oberer Eckzähne sowie die Anzahl resorbierter seitlicher und/oder mittlerer Schneidezahnwurzeln angegeben werden. Für eine Objektivierung dieser Diagnosen standen uns dazu von allen 30 Patienten transversale CT-Schnittbilder zur Verfügung. Beim Addieren der Befunde von den 30 Patienten diagnostizierten die zehn Kieferorthopäden 350 retinierte/verlagerte Eckzähne. Bei einem Vergleich dieser Befunde anhand der P1 und der CT hätten 390 Eckzähne retiniert/verlagert sein müssen und nicht nur 350. Das Addieren der Befunde anhand der P1 zeigte weiterhin, daß von 1 200 Schneidezähnen nur 73 als resorbiert beurteilt wurden. Nach der Beurteilung der CT waren es aber 160 Resorptionen. Die Werte für die Sensitivität betrugen demnach 45,6%. Von den 1 040 Schneidezähnen, die laut CT keine Resorption aufwiesen, erkannten die Untersucher nur 925 als nicht resorbiert. Somit betrug der Wert für die Spezifität 88,9%. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß infolge zu geringer Zuverlässigkeit die Panoramaschichtaufnahme nicht zur Diagnostik von Wurzelresorptionen an Schneidezähnen durch retinierte Eckzähne geeignet ist.
    Notes: Abstract Ten orthodontists were asked to diagnose the number of impacted upper canines and the number of resorbed lateral and/or central incisor roots in 30 panoramic radiographs (P1) from 30 patients. In order to objectify these diagnoses, transversal CT images of all 30 patients were examined in addition. Addition of the recordings in the 30 patients revealed that the 10 orthodontists had diagnosed 350 impacted/displaced canines. On comparison of the P1 and CT results, the latter revealed that, in fact, 390 canines were impacted or displaced, not just 350. Addition of the recordings further showed that, based on P1, the investigators had diagnosed 73 resorptions in the 1,200 incisors examined. However, the CT showed 160 resorptions; this corresponds to a sensitivity value of 45.6%. The CT showed 1,040 incisors with no resorptions, whereas the investigators diagnosed only 925, teeth as not resorbed in the P1. The specificity was thus 88.9%. These results show that, due to their low reliability, panoramic radiographs are not an appropriate means of diagnosing resorptions in front teeth in connection with impacted canines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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