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The effect of ageing on the pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine (1989)

Davies, K. N. ; Castleden, C. M. ; McBurney, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 375-379

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: dihydrocodeine ; pharmacokinetics ; young/elderly patients

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Although poor renal function reduces clearance of dihydrocodeine in man, and renal impairment occurs with ageing, no significant differences occurred in the handling of single doses of dihydrocodeine between elderly patients and young, normal subjects. After multiple dosing, the maximum concentration was significantly different between the groups, being higher in the elderly. The increase in the area under the curve in the elderly was 25% greater than in the young on chronic therapy. This difference was not statistically significant, but was likely to be of clinical significance. The elderly patients' mean creatinine clearance (61.8 ml per min) was significantly lower than that in the young (137 ml per min), and there was a significant correlation between the half-life at single dosing and the blood urea concentration. Variability in all measurements was marked in both groups, and hence no clear guidelines can be given on therapeutic dosing. The small initial dose with alterations thereafter depending on clinical effect is the best advice.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558503

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‘Entopy’: localized mucosal allergic disease in the absence of systemic responses for atopy (2003)

Powe, D. G. ; Jagger, C. ; Kleinjan, A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2222

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Background The Th2 immune response in the nasal mucosa of subjects with allergic rhinitis is mediated by allergen-specific IgE. Moreover, these subjects show positive responses for markers of systemic atopy, including allergen-specific skin sensitivity and raised serum IgE titres. In contrast, idiopathic rhinitis (IR) subjects with similar histological nasal mucosal features differ in being defined as non-allergic because they have negative atopic responses.Objective We hypothesized that it is possible to have an allergic Th2 disease pathway localized in the nasal mucosa of ‘non-allergic’ rhinitis subjects despite an absence of atopic responses.Methods The presence of house dust mite and grass pollen-specific IgE antibodies was investigated in non-atopic (n=10) and atopic (n=11) subjects with persistent rhinitis and compared to normal (n=12) control subjects. Biotin-labelled allergen was used to localize specific allergen-binding antibodies in situ in sections of nasal mucosa.Results Grass pollen allergen binding was detected in the nasal mucosa of 3/10 non-atopic IR subjects but, in contrast, dust mite-specific antibodies were not detected. Specific antibodies were present in a total of 8/11 mucosal samples from the allergic group, but none was detected in normal control tissues.Conclusion These findings support the concept of localized nasal allergy in ‘non-atopic’ rhinitis subjects. We propose the term ‘entopy’ to define this phenomenon and believe that this concept has a wider implication for localized allergic responses in other mucosal sites.