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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of different procedures to identify probable cases of myocardial infarction and stroke in two Swedish prospective cohort studies using local and national routine registers (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 16 (2000), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Case identification ; Cohort studies ; Myocardial infarction ; Register ; Stroke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In prospective cohort studies, person-time time is calculated from baseline until the first definite event occurs or until censoring. A way to correctly identify and date definite events when only routine registers are available is to retrieve all hospital discharge notes and death certificates with a diagnosis of probable event and perform a consecutive revision. It is important to detect all possible hospital stays as they may contain useful information for the revision study. Furthermore, loss to follow-up can be avoided by extending the retrieval outside the specific geographical area where the cohort was defined. The aims of this study were (i) to describe a comprehensive retrieval of probable myocardial infarctions (diagnosis with International Classification of Diseases 8th and 9th revisions codes 410–414) or stroke (codes 430–438), (ii) to quantify the relative efficiency of different local and national routine registers or their combination compared with the use of all available registers together, and (iii) to audit local and national registers by comparing their outcome at the county level. The study was performed in two prospective cohorts studies i.e., `Men-born-1914' (n = 500) from Skåne (period 1982–1993), and Skara-1 (n = 683) from Skaraborg (period 1988–1994.). All available routine registers were linked to the cohorts. The use of all available routine registers improved retrieval of both individual and hospital stays with a discharge diagnosis of probable event and gave an enhanced basis for a future validation study. Local registers were not completely covered by the national register, but the accessible combination of national in-patient and mortality registers was an efficient alternative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007634722658
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction levels in patients with malignant tumors associated with smoking (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 108 (1984), S. 286-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase ; Cancer ; Carcinogenesis ; Smoking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility were assessed in 173 patients with cancers statistically associated with smoking, i.e., squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomas, at various sites. In 34 patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity, 41 patients with laryngeal carcinomas, and 22 patients with pulmonary carcinomas there was a highly significant overrepresentation of high inducers, whereas 30 patients with carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter and 46 patients with urinary bladder carcinomas did not differ significantly in this respect from a control population comprising 92 subject with no history of neoplastic disease. The results add further support to the concept of AHH as a major activator of carcinogens belonging to the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) when these affect·the oral cavity and/or the respiratory tract. The role of AHH in urothelial carcinogenesis seems to be less explicit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of GGT, COHb% and body weight on the 2-H glucose and insulin response after a standardized oral glucose load (1981)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 18 (1981), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Alcohol consumption ; Blood glucose ; Carboxyhemoglobin ; Dietary factors ; γ-gluta-myltransferase ; Oral glucose tolerance test ; Plasma insulin ; Relative body weight ; Smoking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Relative body weight (A/I weight), serum γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb%) were related to glucose and insulin values at 0 and 120 min in a sizable, consecutive series of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in middle-aged males. Partial and multiple correlation coefficients were calculated, and the squared stepwise multiple correlation coefficient was used to estimate how much of the variability of glucose and insulin could be accounted for by the three factors. No less than 14% of the glucose variability and 25% of the insulin variability at 2 h could be attributed to them, emphasizing the importance of keeping these three factors in mind when interpreting the results of OGTTs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099001
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk of relapse in new cases of ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 1019-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Extent ; Indeterminate colitis ; Inflammation ; Relapse ; Ulcerative colitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Changes in morbidity pattern of ulcerative colitis have created a need to update understanding of the course of the disease. METHOD: A follow-up study was done of relapse rates and progression of inflammation in 571 nonselected patients with ulcerative and indeterminate colitis. RESULTS: Relapse rate ten years after diagnosis was 70 percent in definite ulcerative colitis, 22 percent in probable ulcerative colitis, and 77 percent in indeterminate colitis. During the study period, there was no change in the relapse rate. In relapsing proctitis, 52 percent developed more extensive inflammation. Fifty-four percent of patients with only one attack of colitis had persistent signs of inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS: Shift in morbidity pattern to a greater proportion of patients with proctitis at diagnosis and a shorter time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis had no influence on the relapse rate. Indeterminate colitis has a worse prognosis than definite ulcerative colitis. Considering the documented efficacy of sulfasalazine, the high relapse rate calls for studies of the effectiveness of such treatment in everyday practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054693
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breast cancer incidence in relation to smoking cessation (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 61 (2000), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; ex-smokers ; smoking ; smoking cessation ; tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High plasma levels of oestrogens are associated with increased breast cancer risk. If smoking, as has been suggested, have both a tumour initiating mutagenic effect and a protective anti-oestrogenic effect, one would assume that smokers who give up smoking have the highest incidence of breast cancer. This was evaluated in the follow-up of a cohort of 10,902 women of whom 4,359 were premenopausal. Record-linkage with official cancer registries yielded 416 incident cases during an average follow-up of 13.6 years. The adjusted relative risk in all ex-smokers was 1.31 (1.02–1.69), as compared to never smokers, and in premenopausal ex-smokers it was 1.57 (1.07–2.30). Breast cancer incidence in premenopausal ex-smokers was inversely related to time since cessation, (p for trend = 0.01), and was highest among the women who had given-up smoking less than 12 months before screening: 2.76 (1.55–4.91). There was no significant association between current smoking and breast cancer risk. We conclude that incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women who have given up smoking is higher than it is in smokers and never smokers. To what extent this may be related to endocrine effects associated with smoking cessation remains to be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006448611952
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and nucleotide sequence of the delta-lysin gene, hld, adjacent to the accessory gene regulator (agr) of Staphylococcus aureus (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 219 (1989), S. 480-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Transcriptional control ; DNA sequence ; Delta-lysin ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A Tn551 insertional mutation in the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus of the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome resulted in the decreased production of at least seven extracellular toxins and enzymes and a simultaneous increase in the production of protein A and coagulase (Recsei et al. 1986). Adjacent to this locus we have now identified another gene, hld, transcribed into a 0.5 kb RNA which codes for the staphylococcal delta-lysin. The expression of hld, was totally repressed in a strain carrying the agr insertional mutation. Hybridization with strand-specific probes and primer extension analysis revealed that hld, and agr are transcribed in opposite directions, starting 188 nucleotides apart. The hld, gene is mainly expressed during the post-exponential growth phase and is totally repressed during early exponential growth. Determination of hld, mRNA half-life in different growth phases indicated that this regulation is at the level of transcription.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259623
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