Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Pupillary autonomic function, pupillary parameters, factor analysis, pupillary unrest.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pupillary test data of 103 normal and 119 diabetic subjects (47 IDDM, 72 NIDDM) were evaluated by factor analysis. From a total of nine pupillary parameters three factors were extracted in the analysis. Factor 1 represents maximal pupillary area, contraction velocity at 1 s, dilation velocity at 6 s and minimal pupillary area – static and simple dynamic parameters; factor 2 amplitude of pupillary unrest, area under the detrended curve of pupillary unrest and period of pupillary unrest – parameters of pupillary unrest; factor 3 fusion frequency of pupillary response following flicker stimuli and latency time of pupillary light reflex – second order dynamic parameters. Factor analysis was then applied to investigate diabetic patients with a high percentage of autonomic neuropathic participants (about 39 % had pupillary and about 35 % had cardiorespiratory function disorders), which revealed the same three factors as those identified in normal subjects. Furthermore, an age-related database of parameters of pupillary unrest is given. It demonstrates that normal subjects and diabetic patients did not differ in the period of pupillary unrest (normal vs diabetic (mean ± SEM): 1550±29 vs 1536±27 ms; 2p〉0.5). The difference in amplitude (47.8±2.8 vs 41.0±2.6 % percentile; 2p =0.071) and area under the detrended curve of pupillary unrest (47.9±2.8 vs 40.8±2.6 % percentile, 2p =0.062) seems to show a trend but was not significant. In conclusion, factor analysis revealed three different pupillary test factors. From the comparison of normal and diabetic subjects factor 1 which accounts for the highest percentage of variance (≅ 43 %) and factor 3 (≅12 %) appear to be useful for investigating the pupillary light reflex. Factor 2 is not useful because of the insignificant differences between the normal and diabetic group. From factor analysis and partial correlation we believe that pupillary autonomic function in diabetic patients can be best assessed by using only two parameters, maximal pupillary area and latency time. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 414–419]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pupillary autonomic function ; pupillary parameters ; factor analysis ; pupillary unrest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pupillary test data of 103 normal and 119 diabetic subjects (47 IDDM, 72 NIDDM) were evaluated by factor analysis. From a total of nine pupillary parameters three factors were extracted in the analysis. Factor 1 represents maximal pupillary area, contraction velocity at 1 s, dilation velocity at 6 s and minimal pupillary area — static and simple dynamic parameters; factor 2 amplitude of pupillary unrest, area under the detrended curve of pupillary unrest and period of pupillary unrest — parameters of pupillary unrest; factor 3 fusion frequency of pupillary response following flicker stimuli and latency time of pupillary light reflex — second order dynamic parameters. Factor analysis was then applied to investigate diabetic patients with a high percentage of autonomic neuropathic participants (about 39 % had pupillary and about 35 % had cardio-respiratory function disorders), which revealed the same three factors as those identified in normal subjects. Furthermore, an age-related database of parameters of pupillary unrest is given. It demonstrates that normal subjects and diabetic patients did not differ in the period of pupillary unrest (normal vs diabetic (mean±SEM): 1550±29 vs 1536±27 ms; 2p〉0.5). The difference in amplitude (47.8±2.8 vs 41.0±2.6 % percentile; 2p=0.071) and area under the detrended curve of pupillary unrest (47.9±2.8 vs 40.8±2.6 % percentile, 2p=0.062) seems to show a trend but was not significant. In conclusion, factor analysis revealed three different pupillary test factors. From the comparison of normal and diabetic subjects factor 1 which accounts for the highest percentage of variance (≅43 %) and factor 3(≅12 %) appear to be useful for investigating the pupillary light reflex. Factor 2 is not useful because of the insignificant differences between the normal and diabetic group. From factor analysis and partial correlation we believe that pupillary autonomic function in diabetic patients can be best assessed by using only two parameters, maximal pupillary area and latency time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 35 (1998), S. 66-76 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Sudden cardiac death ; arrhythmia ; implantable cardio-verter-defibrillator ; Schlüsselwörter Plötzlicher Herztod ; Arrhythmien ; implantierbarer Cardioverter-Defibrillator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die adäquate Versorgung von Patienten, die bereits einmal einen Herz-Kreislaufstillstand durch tachykarde Arrhythmien überlebt haben, war lange Zeit auf eine Behandlung mit Antiarrhythmika beschränkt, wenn der Rhythmusstörung keine behebbare orga-nische Ursache zugrunde lag. Trotz optimierter Pharmakotherapie sterben 30% dieser Patienten innerhalb von drei Jahren durch eine erneute maligne Arrhythmie. Deshalb wurde in den letzten Jahren die Implanta-tion von automatischen, implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillatoren (ICD) der Standard bei der Versorgung dieser Patienten. Zunehmend werden ICDs auch bei Patienten mit stark erhöhtem Risiko für einen plötzlichen Herztod ohne überlebten Kreislaufstillstand implantiert, ins-besondere bei Patienten mit Kardio-myopathie oder angeborenen ar-rhythmogenen Anomalien des Herzens. In neuen klinischen Studien konnte bei selektierten Patienten ein deutlicher Überlebensvorteil gegen-über der Behandlung mit Anti-arrhythmika gezeigt werden [7]. Die Implantation von ICDs wird bei den neuen transvenösen Systemen ohne Thorakotomie durchgeführt, wodurch das Operationsrisiko wesentlich verringert wurde. Moderne ICDs werden unter den linken M. pectoralis major implantiert, eine mehrpolige Elektrode im rechten Ventrikel dient der Wahrnehmung, der Stimulation und der Schockab-gabe. Die Geräte sind in weiten Bereichen patientenspezifisch programmierbar und erlauben so eine differenzierte Erkennung und mehrstufige Therapie von ventrikulären Tachykardien und Kammerflimmern. Neben der Defibrillation und der synchronisierten Kardioversion stellt die antitachykarde Stimulation eine hocheffektive und für die Patienten angenehme Methode zur Beendigung von langsamen ventrikulären Tachykardien dar. Der interne Speicher moderner ICDs dokumentiert nicht nur die Anzahl der Arrhythmien und die abgegebene Therapie, auch intrakardiale EKGs vor und nach den Episoden können ausgelesen werden. Diese Eigenschaften erlauben heute eine sehr spezifische und individuelle Anpassung der Therapie an die zugrundeliegende Arrhythmie.
    Notes: Summary During the last decade the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has become the standard for treating survivors of cardiac arrest. Recently ICDs are also used in patients at high risk for cardiac arrest without a prior event, e. g., patients with severe congestive cardiomyopathy, congenital “long-QT” syndrome or right ventricular dysplasia. The first controlled studies [7] provided increasing evidence for a survival-benefit in selected patients compared with patients treated with anti-arrhythmic drugs alone. Due to improvements in surgical techniques, especially the development of non-thoracotomy transvenous lead systems, the perioperative mortality and morbidity has become low. Modern ICDs are operatively placed under the left pectoralis muscle and connected to a single multipolar lead which is inserted into the right ventricle via the subclavian vein and the v. cava superior. These multipolar leads have one or two coils in the superior v. cava and in the right ventricle. During defibrillation or cardioversion, these two coils and the housing of the ICD form an electrical field. As current ICD are individually programmable and several minutes of intracardiac ECGs are stored before and during arrhythmias, the detection and the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias can be customized to each patient. This is especially important for the evaluation of antitachycardiac pacing, which is an important method for terminating hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia. Low energy cardioversion shocks are used for fast ventricular tachycardia or those refractory to antitachycardic pacing. As antiarrhythmic drug therapy has proven to be poorly effective in most patients and often is associated with severe side effects, the implantation of ICDs has become an important therapeutic option for the prevention of recurrent cardiac arrest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...