Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; NG monomethyl-l-arginine ; endothelium derived relaxing factor ; glyceryl trinitrate ; venous occlusion plethysmography ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endothelium plays a pivotal role in modulating the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle through the formation of several vasoactive substances. We examined the effects of endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilators on forearm blood flow in 29 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in 21 control subjects, using venous occlusion plethysmography. Via a brachial artery cannula, increasing amounts of acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate were infused in doses of 60, 120, 180 and 240 mmol per min and 3, 6 and 9 nmol per min respectively. NG monomethyl-l-arginine, a stereospecific inhibitor of endothelium derived relaxing factor, was infused to inhibit basal and stimulated release of this dilator substance. Reactive hyperaemic forearm blood flow did not differ between groups. Forearm blood flow responses to each dose of acetylcholine were significantly greater in control than diabetic subjects (p〈0.01 for all doses). NG monomethyl-l-arginine attenuated forearm blood flow from maximal stimulated values when responses were compared with the natural decline to acetylcholine in forearm flow in both control and diabetic subjects (p〈0.05 for both groups), but had no effect on basal blood flow responses. Forearm blood flow responses to each dose of glyceryl trinitrate were significantly greater in control than diabetic subjects (p〈0.05 for all). These data provide evidence for endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction in diabetes which may have important therapeutic implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429099
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary fish oil augments nitric oxide production or release in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; NG monomethyl-l-arginine ; nitric oxide ; glyceryl trinitrate ; fish oils ; Type 2 (non-insulin-de-pendent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Decreased release of nitric oxide from damaged endothelium is responsible for the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses found in animal models of vascular disease. Dietary supplementation with fish oils has been shown to augment endothelium-dependent relaxations, principally by improving the release of nitric oxide from injured endothelium. Using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography we studied vascular responses to 60, 120, 180 and 240 nmol/min of acetylcholine (an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and 3, 6 and 9 nmol/min of glyceryl trinitrate (an endothelium-independent vasodilator) infused into the brachial artery in 23 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. NG monomethyl-l-arginine was employed to inhibit stimulated and basal release of nitric oxide from the endothelium. On completion of the baseline studies patients randomly received either fish oil or matching olive oil capsules in a double-blind crossover fashion for 6 weeks followed by a 6-week washout period and a final 6-week treatment phase. Studies, identical to the initial baseline studies, were performed at the end of the active treatment periods at 6 and 18 weeks. Fish oil supplementation significantly improved forearm blood flow responses to each dose of acetylcholine when compared to the vasodilator responses recorded at baseline and after olive oil administration (p〈0.01). Neither fish oil nor olive oil supplementation produced any significant changes in forearm blood flow to the incremental infusions of glyceryl trinitrate when compared with responses recorded during the baseline studies. NG monomethyl-l-arginine significantly reduced forearm blood flow from maximal stimulated values to acetylcholine when compared to the uninhibited decline in flow to acetylcholine infusions at comparable time points (p〈0.01). Treatment with fish oils improved endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine without altering endothelium-independent responses to glyceryl trinitrate. By increasing stimulated nitric oxide release from the endothelium fish oils may afford protection against vasospasm and thrombosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399090
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the effects of low- and conventional-dose thiazide diuretic on insulin action in hypertensive patients with NIDDM (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 853-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin resistance ; hypertension ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; thiazide diuretic.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In conventional doses, thiazide diuretics impair glucose tolerance and decrease insulin sensitivity, making them an unpopular choice for treating diabetic patients with hypertension. However, use of low-dose thiazide diuretics may avoid the adverse metabolic effects seen with conventional doses. In a double-blind, randomised crossover study we assessed peripheral and hepatic insulin action in 13 hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients after a 6-week placebo run-in and following two 12-week treatment periods with either low (1.25 mg) or conventional (5.0 mg) dose bendrofluazide. There were no differences between doses in their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Bendrofluazide 1.25 mg had significantly less effect on serum potassium, uric acid, fasting glucose and HbA1 c concentrations than the 5.00 mg dose. Exogenous glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were significantly different between doses (p 〈 0.05) with conventional-dose bendrofluazide worsening peripheral insulin resistance compared to baseline (23.8 ± 2.9 vs 27.3 ± 3.5 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05) and low-dose bendrofluazide producing no change compared to baseline (26.8 ± 3.6 vs 27.3 ± 3.5 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p = NS). Postabsorptive endogenous glucose production was higher on treatment with bendrofluazide 5.0 mg compared to 1.25 mg (11.7 ± 0.5 vs 10.2 ± 0.3 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05) and suppressed to a lesser extent following insulin (4.0 ± 0.7 vs 2.0 ± 0.4 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05). Treatment with bendrofluazide 5.0 mg increased postabsorptive endogenous glucose production compared to baseline (11.7 ± 0.5 vs 10.6 ± 0.4 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05) whereas bendrofluazide 1.25 mg did not (10.2 ± 0.3 vs 10.6 ± 0.4 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p = NS). At a dose of 1.25 mg bendrofluazide is as effective as conventional doses but has less adverse metabolic effects. In contrast to conventional doses which worsen both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, low-dose bendrofluazide has no effect on insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 853–859]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050363
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral vascular effects of bufuralol in hypertensive and normal subjects: A comparison with propranolol and pindolol (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bufuralol ; propranolol ; pindolol ; peripheral blood flow ; systemic blood pressure ; beta-adrenoceptor antagonist ; hypertension ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind, single oral dose, crossover study, the effects of bufuralol (60 mg) on heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral vascular responses were compared with those of propranolol (160 mg), pindolol (10 mg), and placebo in a group of 12 healthy volunteers. All three beta-adrenoceptor antagonists reduced exercise tachycardia, but at the doses chosen the effects of bufuralol were less than those of propranolol. Forearm blood flow was reduced by propranolol and pindolol, but not by bufuralol. The antihypertensive and peripheral vascular effects of bufuralol (30–60 mg bd) were also compared with those of propranolol (40–80 mg bd) in a double-blind crossover study in 10 patients with mild hypertension. Propranolol and bufuralol produced comparable reductions in systemic blood pressure over a two-week period, but the decreases in forearm and finger blood flow were greater with propranolol. These studies suggest that bufuralol is a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with antihypertensive properties, and that it produces less peripheral vasoconstriction than propranolol or pindolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608210
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can digoxin prescribing be improved? A comparison between intuitive and assisted dose selection (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: digoxin ; therapeutic range ; intuitive prescribing ; prescribing aid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 37 patients on maintenance digoxin therapy were observed in hospital over an 8 day period. From day 1 to day 8 measurements of plasma digoxin and serum creatinine indicated that these patients were in the equilibrium state with regard to digoxin levels and renal function. Assuming a linear relationship between dose and plasma concentration, it was possible to calculate the doses which would have produced plasma concentrations of 1.5 ng/ml, and at the limits of the ‘usual therapeutic range’, 0.8 and 2.0 ng/ml. Doses obtained from six prescribing aids and those prescribed intuitively by the doctor were then compared. None of the methods used would have resulted in plasma digoxin concentrations within the ‘usual therapeutic range’ in more than 57% of the patients. The physicians' intuitive choice appeared to be better than the doses estimated from prescribing aids, in that they were correct as often as any assisted method, and when wrong tended to prescribe ‘too low’ rather than ‘too high’. The prescribing aids tended to overestimate dosage in many patients, as high as 65% with one. Plasma digoxin concentration measurement would appear to be the only way to ensure adequate therapeutic efficacy and avoid toxicity in patients receiving maintenance digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608400
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chronic captopril therapy on platelet angiotensin II receptor density and vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II infusion (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: angiotensin II ; captopril ; platelet receptor density ; vascular responses ; long term treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The density of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors on the platelet and the vascular responsiveness to infused angiotensin II before and after two weeks of captopril therapy were examined in ten healthy male volunteers. There was a significant increase in blood flow to the forearm, but no significant changes in either the density of angiotensin II receptors or the pressor response to infused angiotensin II following captopril therapy. The study demonstrates that long term reduction of angiotensin II formation by captopril in man does not increase the responsiveness of the receptors to infused angiotensin, nor results in an „up regulation“ of the angiotensin receptors. It also provides further evidence that some of the long term vasodilator effects of captopril may be mediated by mechanisms other than inhibition of angiotensin I (Ang I) converting enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606624
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chronic captopril therapy on adrenergic receptors, plasma noradrenaline and the vascular responses to infused noradrenaline (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: noradrenaline ; captopril ; adrenergic receptors ; pressor response ; healthy volunteers ; reninangiotensin system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenergic receptors (alpha2, beta2), plasma noradrenaline, heart rate and the pressor responsiveness to infused noradrenaline were examined in ten healthy male volunteers before and after 2 weeks of placebo or captopril therapy in a double blind cross-over study. No significant differences in these measurements were observed between the captopril and placebo treated groups. The study shows that in sodium replete normotensive subjects, long-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition does not lead to changes in adrenoceptor density. There is also no alteration in plasma noradrenaline levels nor in the pressor responsiveness to infused noradrenaline. These data suggest that the known interaction between the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system observed in animals is probably of little significance in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607568
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple aid to digoxin prescribing (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: digoxin ; nomogram ; prescribing aid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have designed a simple nomogram for predicting digoxin dosage and have tested it prospectively in two consecutive studies. These were both conducted in hospital inpatients who were not already taking digoxin but who required drug therapy for atrial tachyarrhythmias and/or cardiac failure. Study I. Sixty-seven patients received digoxin according to the nomogram and 50 completed the ten day course of the study. Fortyone of these patients were eligible for the final analysis. On the tenth day of treatment, 28 patients were within the therapeutic range for plasma digoxin (0.8 to 2.0 ng·ml−1), 12 were subtherapeutic (〈0.8 ng·ml) and one was potentially toxic (〉2.0 ng·ml−1). Study II. Thirty patients completed the second study. Digoxin was prescribed according to the nomogram with the addition of a dosage correction based on the plasma digoxin level on Day 3. On the tenth day of treatment, 24 patients were within the therapeutic range, one in the subtherapeutic and 5 in the potentially toxic. This simple digoxin nomogram, with or without the Day 3 dosage correction, should prove to be a useful aid to prescribing in patients who do not require rapid digitalisation. It is particularly relevant to elderly inpatients with atrial tachyarrhythmias and/or cardiac failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544232
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the haemodynamic and hormonal effects of low and conventional dose cyclopenthiazide in normal volunteers (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclopenthiazide ; renin-angiotensin system ; extracellular fluid volume ; vascular responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we compared low (125 μg) and conventional (500 μg) doses of cyclopenthiazide on the renin angiotensin system, plasma and extracellular fluid volumes and the pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II since we have previously shown that the two doses have the same antihypertensive effect but different effects on plasma renin activity. Following a two week placebo run-in period, 8 healthy male volunteers received 125 μg or 500 μg of cyclopenthiazide for 2 treatment periods of 4 weeks as part of a double blind, 2-part crossover study with treatment periods separated by a 4-week placebo washout phase. Measurements were made on two study days at the beginning and end of the active treatment periods. On the first day serum potassium, plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were measured after a 1 h period of supine rest. Plasma and extracellular fluid volumes were also measured after appropriate equilibration times. The blood pressure responses to angiotensin II were assessed on day 2. The 500 μg dose of cyclopenthiazide had a greater effect than the 125 μg dose on plasma renin activity, serum potassium, angiotensin II levels and extracellular fluid volumes. Neither drug had any effect on plasma volume or the responsiveness to infused angiotensin II. Low dose cyclopenthiazide failed to increase angiotensin II levels, contract body fluid volumes or attenuate vascular reactivity in normotensive volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315574
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of flosequinan in patients with heart failure (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Heart failure ; Flosequinan; pharmacokinetics ; drug toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The pharmacokinetics of flosequinan were studied in a group of 18 patients with chronic cardiac failure. Results: After a single dose of 100 mg, Cmax of the parent compound (2.52 mg ⋅ l−1) was recorded at 1.4 h, and of the sulphone metabolite flosequinoxan at 21.7 h. The plasma elimination half lives of the parent compound (6.4 h) and of the metabolite (54.3 h) were prolonged compared to previous studies in normal volunteers. After repeated dose administration for 36 days, the kinetics of the parent compound and metabolite remained essentially unchanged with an expected significant accumulation of metabolite (Cmax 8.4 vs 3.21 mg ⋅ l−1). No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: It is possible that altered drug kinetics in patients with heart failure, probably related to altered hepatic blood flow, could contribute to drug toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050110
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...