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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3386-3390 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The combination of transmission diffraction grating (free-standing gold bars), pinhole and film can be used for quantitative measurements of the x-ray spectra in the 0.1–1.5-keV region by adopting the procedures described. The steps consist of film calibration and deconvolution of overlapping contributions from different spectral orders. In addition, spatial resolution is available in the direction perpendicular to the dispersion axis for each x-ray energy. The working example presented is the characterization of an x-ray source created by a laser-target interaction, for possible use in x-ray microscopy or x-ray lithography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2041-2046 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Lagrangian fluid model (cold plasma, fixed ions) is developed for analyzing the coupling between electron plasma waves. This model shows that a small wave number electron plasma wave (ω2,k2) will strongly affect a large wave number electron plasma wave (ω1,k1), transferring its energy into daughter waves or sidebands at (ω1+nω2,k1+nk2) in the lab frame. The accuracy of the model is checked via particle-in-cell simulations, which confirm that the energy in the mode at (ω1,k1) can be completely transferred to the sidebands at (ω1+nω2,k1+nk2) by the presence of the electron plasma mode at (ω2,k2). Conclusive experimental evidence for the generation of daughter waves via this coupling is then presented using time- and wave number-resolved spectra of the light from a probe laser coherently Thomson scattered by the electron plasma waves generated by the interaction of a two-frequency CO2 laser with a plasma. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The propagation of high-power short-pulse laser beams over considerable distances in air is studied both experimentally and via numerical simulations. Filaments are formed after 5–10 m and their propagation over distances in excess of 200 m is reported for the first time. The lateral dimensions of the filaments are found to range from about 100 μm to a few millimeters in diameter. The early values of plasma electron density have been inferred to be a few times 1016 cm−3 using longitudinal spectral interferometry. For 500 fs pulses and a wavelength of 1053 nm, the energy in the filament can be quite high initially (∼8 mJ) and is found to stabilize at about 1.5–2 mJ, after about 35 m. A simple model based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation coupled to a multiphoton ionization law appears to describe several experimental results quite well. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For understanding self-focusing and filamentation of electromagnetic beams in plasmas (and other media) when the beam power is well over critical, considerable success has recently been achieved using the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger equation with saturating nonlinearities. Sufficiently large isolated high-power beams with noticeable structure can break up into numerous filaments, which emerge from the phase of filament creation rather close to the known filament equilibria having lost excess power while forming and pulsating. However, the periodic boundary cases more characteristic of laser beam coverage of inertial confinement fusion targets show asymptotic states more complicated than a noninteracting ensemble of equilibrium filaments. While the filament density can be estimated in terms of the average intensity, considerable filament interaction and activity is the usual result. At extremely high intensities very complicated self-focusing structures are formed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3518-3519 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Following earlier analyses for the planar and spherical cases, nonlocal electron radial transport is treated for cylindrical high-Z plasmas. Comparison of the result with earlier ones shows that, for the same parameters, the magnitude of the nonlocal heat flux for the cylindrical case is intermediate between the planar and spherical cases, and somewhat closer to the spherical case. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1280-1283 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of spherical geometry on nonlocal radial electron heat transport has been studied using perturbation analysis . The nonlocal expression for the radial heat flux is obtained in the limit of large ion charge. The deviation of the spherical nonlocal heat transport from the planar theory has been investigated and it has been found that the space curvature can significantly modify the heat flux compared to the planar result when the delocalization length (that associated with the faster electrons which dominate energy transport) is comparable to the radius. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3570-3576 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements are presented of electron heat transport with non-Maxwellian (flattopped) distributions due to inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of intense microwaves in the University of California at Davis Aurora II device [Rogers et al., Phys. Fluids B 1, 741 (1989)]. The plasma is created by pulsed discharge in a cylindrical vacuum chamber with surface magnets arranged to create a density gradient. The ionization fraction (∼1%) is high enough that charged particle collisions are strongly dominant in the afterglow plasma. A short microwave pulse (∼2 μs) heats a region of the afterglow plasma (ne/ncr≤0.5) creating a steep axial (LT∼1–10λei) temperature gradient. Langmuir probes are used to measure the relaxation of the heat front after the microwave pulse. Time and space resolved measurements show that the isotropic component of the electron velocity distribution is flat topped (∼exp[−(v/vm)m], m(approximately-greater-than)2) in agreement with Fokker–Planck calculations using the measured density profile. Classical heat transport theory is not valid both because the isotropic component of the electron velocity distribution is flattopped and the temperature gradients are very steep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the first time, beatwave simulations relevant to the UCLA experiment (University of California at Los Angeles) [see Clayton et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 37 (1993), and also Phys. Plasmas 1, 1753 (1994)] have been made with a relativistic Eulerian Hilbert–Vlasov code for a realistically high ratio of driver frequency to plasma wave frequency (ω0/ωp≈30). Some of the more striking features that have emerged from the Hilbert–Vlasov simulations are discussed in this paper, with particular emphasis on particle dynamics in phase space with beam injection, and action transfer results obtained from the derivation of the integrated Manley–Rowe relations derived for a finite causal system. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The kinetic theory of ion-acoustic waves in multi-ion-species plasmas is discussed. Particular application is made to hydrocarbon (CH) plasmas, which are widely used in laser–plasma experiments. The mode frequencies and Landau damping of the two, dominant, ion-acoustic modes in CH plasmas are calculated by numerical solution of the kinetic dispersion relation. In addition, some useful results are obtained analytically from expansions of the kinetic dispersion relation and from fluid models. However, these results disagree with the numerical results in domains of particular practical interest. When ion temperatures exceed two-tenths of the electron temperature, the least damped mode is the one with the smaller phase velocity, and this mode is then found to dominate the ponderomotive response of the CH plasma. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The triggering and guiding of leader discharges using a plasma channel created by a sub-joule ultrashort laser pulse have been studied in a megavolt large-scale electrode configuration (3–7 m rod-plane air gap). By focusing the laser close to the positive rod electrode it has been possible, with a 400 mJ pulse, to trigger and guide leaders over distances of 3 m, to lower the leader inception voltage by 50%, and to increase the leader velocity by a factor of 10. The dynamics of the breakdown discharges with and without the laser pulse have been analyzed by means of a streak camera and of electric field and current probes. Numerical simulations have successfully reproduced many of the experimental results obtained with and without the presence of the laser plasma channel. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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