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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 6 (1990), S. 153-165 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many descriptions of the design process do not include the specifications as part of the process, but rather as an input to the design. Once the specifications are considered to be the input, the assumption is made that they are in a form that is suitable for the design process to proceed. The need for a design always starts with ill-defined objectives. The process by which this information is transformed into well-defined design objectives is called the design specification extraction process. An attempt to expose the underlying structure of the first step in the design process—the design specifications—is presented in this paper. The extraction of specifications is divided into four major tasks—diagnosis or information gathering, interpretation and assessment, classification and decomposition, and information patching. The conceptual framework for the design specification extraction and synthesis is implemented in the expert system program SEISD (specification extraction interface for structural design) developed in the LISP programming language. A few examples are presented to demonstrate the implementation strategies. These examples are drawn from the specific problem of a beam design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 26 (1961), S. 3714-3717 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 26 (1961), S. 946-948 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 57 (1985), S. 1023-1026 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 2222-2224 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Nimesulide gel ; Anti-inflammatory ; Carrageenan ; Formalin ; Freund's adjuvant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1|Objective and Design The anti-inflammatory activity of topically applied nimesulide gel was compared in different experimental models with that of diclofenac and piroxicam gels. 2|Material Wistar albino rats of either sex were used. 3|Treatment In acute models, 50 mg of nimesulide or diclofenac were applied to right hind paws 1 h (carrageenan) or immediately before (formalin) irritant injection (sub-plantar). In adjuvant arthritis, 50 mg of nimesulide, diclofenac or piroxicam were applied daily to injected paws for 14 days. 4|Methods Paw volume was measured by plethysmograph. Statistical significance was tested with Student's t-test. 5|Results In the carrageenan paw odema, topical nimesulide gel exhibited similar anti-inflammatory activity to diclofenac gel, and was more effective than diclofenac gel in formalin-paw odema. In both acute (18h) and chronic (14d) phases of adjuvant arthritis, nimesulide gel was more effective than diclofenac or piroxicam gels. 6|Conclusion Topical nimesulide gel possesses higher anti-inflammatory activity than that of diclofenac or piroxicam gels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 14 (1989), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Several water and surface microlayer samples from Lake St. Clair, the Niagara River, and the North Shore of Lake Ontario collected during 1983–1986 have been assayed for a variety of radionuclides. In addition, the foam accumulating in the pool just below Niagara Falls was also analyzed and found to be the most efficient aqueous phase collector of137Cs,210Pb, and226Ra. The order of radioisotope specific activities from highest to lowest is: Lake Ontario sediment, Niagara River suspended solids, Niagara River foam, surface microlayer water, and subsurface water. Radiological dose rates to the sediments from137Cs,226Ra, and228Th total about 5 mGy/y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 19 (1992), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sedimentation rates and diffusive sediment mixing coefficients at several Lake Ontario locations have been derived from measurements of unsupported210Pb profiles in sediment cores. The values of mixing coefficients obtained in the present study are significantly lower than those obtained previously through an analysis of porosity profiles. The present estimates, however, are consistent with the rather well-preserved pollutant profiles at some of these locations. It is observed that the more realistic value of the mixing coefficient, obtained by inclusion of the sedimentation rate parameter, follows the sign opposite to that for the constant obtained by regression analysis of the porosity data. Further work is required to delineate this apparent relationship between two important physical characteristics of deposited sediments. Analysis of available suspended sediment data shows that Niagara River supplies about 1.8 million tonnes of sediment annually to Lake Ontario. This value is significantly lower than that (4.6 mt/yr) used previously in constructing sediment and pollutant budgets for Lake Ontario. From the presently derived sedimentation rate and suspended solid discharge estimates, an average value of 441 km2 (range 220-938 km2) is obtained for the minimum area of Lake Ontario over which the Niagara River-supplied fine sediment is deposited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 14 (1989), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Both linear and polynomial regression analysis techniques are used to assess the CIC (constant initial concentration) model of210Pb dating. Results obtained using published210Pb and porosity profiles in 12 freshwater sediment cores show that linear regression affords more reliable results. The polynomial regression, while capable of predicting the values of the constant β or β′ derived from porosity data, gives reasonable results only when all the coefficients of the polynomial are of appropriate sign. Lower values for all the parameters are obtained in all cases if the effect of compaction is not considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 14 (1989), S. 203-207 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Four possible sources of analytical error in the measurement of unsupported210Pb and/or nuclear fallout radionuclide (such as137Cs) profiles in sediment cores are pointed out. Each of these errors, if present, can significantly alter the true profile of the radionuclide under consideration. It is shown that simple procedural modifications can substantially improve the quality of analytical data that are subsequently used to develop intricate mathematical models to aid the interpretation of observed radionuclide profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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