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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individualized aminophylline therapy in patients with obstructive airway disease: Oral dosage prediction from an intravenous test dose (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: aminophylline ; asthma ; individual aminophylline dose ; theophylline disposition ; intravenous test dose ; oral dosage prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Theophylline disposition after an intravenous test dose of aminophylline was determined in 83 subjects: 7 patients with and 58 without congestive heart failure (CHF), and 18 healthy controls. Based on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in the individual, the oral dosage of aminophylline was scheduled to attain steady-state trough theophylline concentrations (Cpred) near the therapeutic margin. Significant differences in theophylline clearance with a relatively constant volume of distribution were observed between various groups divided by age, smoking habit and CHF; the significantly different (p〈0.001) mean clearance values were: 0.042±0.0161/h/kg (mean ± SD) in patients without CHF (n=58) as opposed to 0.016±0.001 l/h/kg in patients with CHF(n=7), 0.038±0.013 l/h/kg in non-smokers (n=59) versus 0.054±0.015 l/h/kg in smoking subjects (n=17), and 0.030±0.010 l/h/kg in elderly (〉60 years) non-smoking patients (n=7) versus 0.057±0.017 l/h/kg in smoking patients (n=5) aged 40 to 59 years. No gender-related difference was detected in theophylline disposition. For all subjects together (n=83), there was no significant correlation between age and clearance (r=-0.111, p〉0.1). The multivariate analysis indicated that the overall variability in theophylline clearance was affected first by the smoking habit (t=4.960; p〈0.001) and second by CHF (t=-3.052; p〈0.001), but not by age (t=1.140) or by sex (t=0.069). 78% of the patients who did not have CHF required a daily dose of aminophylline of 600 to 900 mg, whereas a dose of 300 to 450 mg was the rule in patients with CHF. The measured steady-state minimum concentration (Cmeas) ranged from 5.4 to 14.6 µg/ml (9.0±2.2 µg/ml: mean ± SD) which was in good agreement with the Cpred (5.6 to 13.6, 9.0±1.6 µg/ml) in all patients (n=60) who received the oral dose of aminophylline calculated from the test dose. The overall prediction error was -0.08±1.83 µg/ml (−1.42±19.90%); only 3 of 60 measurements were found to be outside±2 SD. It is concluded that using a test dose to individualize aminophylline therapy is likely to remain the most reliable means to assure the maximum therapeutic benefit in patients with airway obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545964
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminophlline is effective on acute exacerbations of asthma in adults–objective improvements in peak flow, spirogram, arterial blood gas measurements and lung sounds (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb01141.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of recognition and utilization of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma in Japan (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: In Japan in 1993, the Japanese Society of Allergology (JSA) developed guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma (JGL), which were based on the concept that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. Methods: This survey study was intended to investigate the recognition and utilization of JGL among physicians who had treated asthma. The survey comprised two methods: a quantitative mail survey and a qualitative door-to-door survey conducted by trained interviewers. Results: In the mail survey, a total of 1028 physicians responded; 552 members of the JSA and 476 nonmembers. Ninety-four percent of JSA members were aware of adult asthma management guidelines, while 53 nonmembers were aware of them. Although approximately half of the physicians, both member and nonmember, found differences between the asthma management policies in JGL and their previous policies, most of them utilized JGL, once they read it. In the qualitative door-to-door survey, 80–90% of physicians evaluated JGL as good after they read it. Conclusions: JGL was recognized and utilized by most JSA members, but only half of nonmember physicians were aware of JGL, although they utilized JGL after they read it. Further action to implement JGL among nonspecialist physicians is needed to improve management of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00090.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 34 (1994), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To assess the feasibility and efficacy of rhGM-CSF in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, we conducted a double-blind placebo controlled phase III study in a multicenter setting. Patients were eligible if they had cytologically or histologically proven cancer, no prior chemotherapy, stage IIIB or IV disease, an Eastern Cooperativve Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 – 2, an age of less than 76 years, and no symptomatic brain metastasis, disseminated bone metastasis, or previous vertebral/pelvic irradiation. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of mitomycin given at 8 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 on day 1, and vindesine given at 3 mg/m2 i. v. on days 1 and 8 (MVP). If the granulocyte nadir count recorded after the first cycle of MVP was less than 1,000/mm3, patients were randomly assigned to receive recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) or placebo during the second cycle of MVP. The dose of rhGM-CSF was 125 μg/m2 given daily s. c. for 14 consecutive days starting on day 2. Of the 52 patients enrolled, 45 were evaluable. The nadir of granulocytes was significantly lower in the placebo group (P = 0.007). The period during which the granulocyte count was less than 1,000/mm3 was significantly longer in the placebo group (median, 6 vs 10 days; P = 0.04). The incidence of adverse effects related to rhGM-CSF, such as fever (≥38°C) and skin rash, was significantly higher in the rhGM-CSF group (P = 0.011). The rate of response to chemotherapy did not significantly differ between the two groups. In conclusion, rhGM-CSF reduced the duration of chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia. The clinical usefulness of this agent may be deminished because of the adverse effects encountered when it is used in combination with a moderately myelotoxic chemotherapy regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686109
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 34 (1994), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the feasibility and efficacy of rhGM-CSF in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, we conducted a double-blind placebo controlled phase III study in a multicenter setting. Patients were eligible if they had cytologically or histologically proven cancer, no prior chemotherapy, stage IIIB or IV disease, an Eastern Cooperativve Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–2, an age of less than 76 years, and no symptomatic brain metastasis, disseminated bone metastasis, or previous vertebral/pelvic irradiation. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of mitomycin given at 8 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 on day 1, and vindesine given at 3 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8 (MVP). If the granulocyte nadir count recorded after the first cycle of MVP was less than 1,000/mm3, patients were randomly assigned to receive recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) or placebo during the second cycle of MVP. The dose of rhGM-CSF was 125 μg/m2 given daily s.c. for 14 consecutive days starting on day 2. Of the 52 patients enrolled, 45 were evaluable. The nadir of granulocytes was significantly lower in the placebo group (P=0.007). The period during which the granulocyte count was less than 1,000/mm3 was significantly longer in the placebo group (median, 6 vs 10 days;P=0.04). The incidence of adverse effects related to rhGM-CSF, such as fever (≥38°C) and skin rash, was significantly higher in the rhGM-CSF group (P=0.011). The rate of response to chemotherapy did not significantly differ between the two groups. In conclusion, rhGM-CSF reduced the duration of chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia. The clinical usefulness of this agent may be deminished because of the adverse effects encountered when it is used in combination with a moderately myelotoxic chemotherapy regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686109
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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