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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 273-275 (Feb. 1998), p. 595-600 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Allgemeinanästhesie – Bewußtes und unbewußtes Gedächtnis – Monitoring – Akustisch evozierte Potentiale ; Key words: General anaesthesia – Explicit and implicit memory – Monitoring – Auditory evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. There is a high incidence of intraoperative awareness during cardiac surgery. Mid-latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) reflect the primary cortical processing of auditory stimuli. In the present study, we investigated MLAEP and explicit and implicit memory for information presented during cardiac anaesthesia. Patients and methods. Institutional approval and informed consent was obtained in 30 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia was induced in group I (n=10) with flunitrazepam/fentanyl (0.01 mg/kg) and maintained with flunitrazepam/fentanyl (1.2 mg/h). The patients in group II (n=10) received etomidate (0.25 mg/kg) and fentanyl (0.005 mg/kg) for induction and isoflurane (0.6 – 1.2 vol%)/fentanyl (1.2 mg/h) for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Group III (n=10) served as a control and patients were anaesthetized as in I or II. After sternotomy an audiotape that included an implicit memory task was presented to the patients in groups I and II. The story of Robinson Crusoe was told, and it was suggested to the patients that they remember Robinson Crusoe when asked what they associated with the word Friday 3 – 5 days postoperatively. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded awake and during general anaesthesia before and after the audiotape presentation on vertex (positive) and mastoids on both sides (negative). Auditory clicks were presented binaurally at 70 dBnHL at a rate of 9.3 Hz. Using the electrodiagnostic system Pathfinder I (Nicolet), 1000 successive stimulus responses were averaged over a 100 ms poststimulus interval and analyzed off-line. Latencies of the peak V, Na, Pa were measured. V belongs to the brainstem-generated potentials, which demonstrates that auditory stimuli were correctly transduced. Na, Pa are generated in the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe and are the electrophysiological correlate of the primary cortical processing of the auditory stimuli. Results. None of the patients had an explicit memory of intraoperative events. Five patients in group I, one patient in group II, and no patients in group III showed implicit memory of the intraoperative tape message. They remembered Robinson Crusoe spontaneously when they were asked their associations with Friday. In the awake state AEP peak latencies were in the normal range. During general anaesthesia in group I, the peaks Na, Pa did not increase in latency or decrease in amplitude before and after the audiotape presentation. The primary cortical complex Na/Pa could be identified as in the awake state. In contrast, in group II Na, Pa showed a marked increase in latency and a decrease in amplitude or were completely suppressed. Conclusions. During general anaesthesia auditory information can be processed and remembered postoperatively by an implicit memory function, when the electrophysiological conditions of primary cortical stimuli processing is preserved. Implicit memory can be observed more often when high-dose opioid analgesia is combined with receptor-binding agents like the benzodiazepines than under non-specific anaesthetics like isoflurane. Non-specific anaesthetics seem to provide a more effective suppression of auditory stimuli processing than receptor-specific agents.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Die Inzidenz intraoperativer Wahrnehmungen ist bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen besonders hoch. In der vorliegenden Studie sollten explizite und implizite Erinnerungen an intraoperative Information untersucht und zu akustisch evozierten Potentialen mittlerer Latenz (AEPML) in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Untersucht wurden 30 Patienten, die sich einer elektiven aortokoronaren Bypassoperation unterziehen mußten. Bei den Patienten der Gruppe I (n=10) wurde die Anästhesie mit Flunitrazepam/Fentanyl (0,01/0,01 mg/kg) eingeleitet und mit Flunitrazepam/Fentanyl (1,2 mg/h) aufrechterhalten. Die Patienten der Gruppe II (n=10) erhielten zur Einleitung Etomidat (0,25 mg/kg) und Fentanyl (0,005 mg/kg) und zur Narkoseaufrechterhaltung Isofluran (0,6 – 1,2 Vol.-%) und Fentanyl (1,2 mg/h). Die Gruppe III (n=10) diente als Kontrollgruppe, in der die Anästhesie wie bei I oder II durchgeführt wurde. Nach der Sternotomie wurde den Patienten der Gruppen I und II ein Tonbandtext vorgespielt, der eine implizite Gedächtnisaufgabe enthielt. Den Patienten der Gruppe III wurde kein Tonband vorgespielt. Explizite und implizite Erinnerungen wurden 3 – 5 Tage postoperativ abgefragt. Die Ableitung der AEPML erfolgte wach, vor und nach Tonbandeinspielung. Kein Patient hatte eine explizite Erinnerung an intraaoperative Ereignisse. Als Ausdruck einer unbewußten, impliziten Gedächtnisfunktion erinnerten 5 Patienten der Gruppe I, 1 Patient der Gruppe II und kein Patient der Gruppe III das intraoperativ dargebotene Zielwort. Die AEP der wachen Patienten zeigten normale Latenzen der Gipfel V, Na, Pa. Während Anästhesie, vor und nach Tonbandeinspielung waren bei den Patienten der Gruppe I die Latenzen Na, Pa nur geringfügig verlängert. Bei den Patienten der Gruppe II waren vor und nach Tonbandeinspielung die Latenzen Na, Pa erheblich verlängert. Während Anästhesie kann es zur Aufnahme und Verarbeitung akustischer Information kommen, die postoperativ unbewußt erinnert werden kann. Diese ist häufiger während Anästhesie mit Benzodiazepinen und Opioiden, unter denen die primäre akustische Reizverarbeitung weitgehend erhalten ist, nachweisbar, als unter der Kombination von Isofluran und Opioiden, bei der die primäre auditive Reizverarbeitung unterdrückt ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 276 (1990), S. 331-335 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 1270-1275 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report measurements of the thermoelectric power and conductivity of "new'' polyacetylene doped with iodine. In highly doped samples in which the conductivity extrapolates to finite values at zero temperature, we observe a nonlinearity in the thermopower very similar to that characteristic of the electron–phonon effect in metallic diffusion thermopower. The size of this nonlinearity is unusually small in the most highly conducting samples, as expected when the intrinsic conductivity is very large. For samples with additional sp3 defects or lower doping levels, in which the conductivity follows variable-range hopping behavior, we also find evidence for a hopping contribution in the thermopower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6223-6227 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report thermopower measurements for the nickel titanium shape memory alloy Ni0.507Ti0.493. Our measurements reveal abrupt changes in the temperature dependence of thermopower, which correlate well with the structural phase transition between the austenitic and martensitic phases. These transition effects in thermopower are more clearly defined than in the resistivity, which is also reported. In the martensitic phase, thermopower exhibits standard metallic diffusion behavior with a nonlinearity, which is consistent with either a small peak in the density of states just below the Fermi level, as calculated by Kulkova, Egorushkin, and Kalchikhin [Solid State Commun. 77, 667 (1991)], or else electron–phonon mass enhancement. For thermally or mechanically treated samples, the magnitude of the transition effects in thermopower are reduced. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 114 (1976), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 103 (1992), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Woodstock, Md., etc : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Theological Studies. 54:4 (1993:Dec.) 757 
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 795-799 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: nanocomposites ; alloy particles ; metal complexation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nanocomposites of the composition Cu0.6Ni0.4·5SiO2 were prepared from nickel and copper acetate, (EtO)3Si(CH2)3NHCH2CH2NH2 (DIAMO), and Si(OEt)4 (TEOS). To study the influence of the complexing silane on the composition and size distribution of the alloy particles, the DIAMO/metal ratio in the starting mixtures was varied, while the molar equivalents of DIAMO plus TEOS was kept constant. UV investigations showed that up to 2–2.5 equivalents of DIAMO are used for complexation of the metal ions. After drying, and oxidation of the metal-containing xerogels, separate NiO and CuO particles were observed by XRD. Their dispersion decreased with an increasing DIAMO/metal ratio in the starting mixtures. After reduction of the oxide particles only one crystalline alloy phase was observed when the DIAMO/metal ratio was≤1. For higher ratios a Cu-rich and a Ni-rich phase was found, their composition approaching pure Cu or Ni with an increasing portion of DIAMO. The size of the alloy particles was about the same as that of the NiO and CuO particles before reduction. However, complexation by one or two DIAMO moieties per metal atom lead to particularly narrow size distributions of the alloy particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 795-799 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: nanocomposites ; alloy particles ; metal complexation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nanocomposites of the composition Cu0.6Ni0.4 · 5SiO2 were prepared from nickel and copper acetate, (EtO)3Si(CH2)3NHCH2 CH2NH2 (DIAMO), and Si(OEt)4 (TEOS). To study the influence of the complexing silane on the composition and size distribution of the alloy particles, the DIAMO/metal ratio in the starting mixtures was varied, while the molar equivalents of DIAMO plus TEOS was kept constant. UV investigations showed that up to 2–2.5 equivalents of DIAMO are used for complexation of the metal ions. After drying, and oxidation of the metal-containing xerogels, separate NiO and CuO particles were observed by XRD. Their dispersion decreased with an increasing DIAMO/metal ratio in the starting mixtures. After reduction of the oxide particles only one crystalline alloy phase was observed when the DIAMO/metal ratio was ≤ 1. For higher ratios a Cu-rich and a Ni-rich phase was found, their composition approaching pure Cu or Ni with an increasing portion of DIAMO. The size of the alloy particles was about the same as that of the NiO and CuO particles before reduction. However, complexation by one or two DIAMO moieties per metal atom lead to particularly narrow size distributions of the alloy particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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