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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin and ribavirin upon hantavirus (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 1571-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Bovine lactoferrin (LF) and ribavirin (Rbv) were tested as antiviral agents against Seoul type hantavirus (SR-11 strain) in vitro. Hantaviral foci number in Vero E6 cells infected with SR-11 was reduced with LF treatment by 5 days post infection to obtain a 50% effective dose (ED50) of 2500 μg/ml, while pretreatment with LF was highly efficacious having an ED50 of 39 μg/ml. Conversely, 1 h pretreatment with Rbv revealed no inhibition of viral focus formation but could significantly reduce the number of viral foci (ED50: 10 μg/ml) when used from the time of viral infection. One hour pre-treatment of the cell monolayer with LF and subsequent addition of Rbv revealed a synergistic anti-hantaviral effect against SR-11, 〈20 FFU/ml as compared to 105 foci/ml in the control. One hour treatment of SR-11 with LF prior to cell inoculation gave an ED50 of 312.5 μg/ml. Whereas, washing the LF-pretreated cell monolayer with PBS demonstrated minimal focus reduction, suggesting LF lightly adheres to cells. These results indicate that LF has anti-hantaviral activity in vitro and inhibition of virus adsorption to cells which play an important role in revealing the anti-hantaviral activity of LF. This paper reports for the first time the anti-hantaviral effect of LF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050070077
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urine-associated horizontal transmission of Seoul virus among rats (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  To understand the mode of transmission of Seoul type hantavirus in Wistar rats, we examined the shedding of the virus and antibody production in infected rats. When 1-day-old rats were inoculated with KI-83-262 strain of Seoul virus, the S segment of the viral genome was detected in lungs, clots, urine, saliva, submaxillary glands, rectums, and kidneys by nested reverse transcriptase PCR. On the other hand, when 8-week-old rats were infected with the virus, viral genome was detected only in the lungs and rectum. In uninfected newborn rats intranasally administered urine from infected newborn rats, four of six rats shed the virus into their urine. In addition, three of eight rats kept in a same cage with infected animals also shed the virus into urine. Moreover, the virus genome was detected in the urine of urban rats (Rattus norvegicus) in an enzootic focus. These findings suggest that the urine containing virus from infected rats is an actual source of Seoul virus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050292
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Borna disease virus replication by ribavirin in persistently infected cells (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 2039-2044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Ribavirin at concentrations from 1 to 10 μg/ml exihibited inhibitory effects on transcription of Borna disease virus (BDV) in persistently infected cells. Our present study indicates that ribavirin is a candidate anti-BDV drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050440
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urine-associated horizontal transmission of Seoul virus among rats (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  To understand the mode of transmission of Seoul type hantavirus in Wistar rats, we examined the shedding of the virus and antibody production in infected rats. When 1-day-old rats were inoculated with the KI-83-262 strain of Seoul virus, S segment of the viral genome was detected in lungs, clots, urine, saliva, submaxillary glands, rectums, and kidneys by nested reverse transcriptase PCR. On the other hand, when 8-week-old rats were infected with the virus, viral genome was detected only in the lungs and rectum. In newborn rats intranasally administered urine from infected newborn rats, four of six rats shed the virus into their urine. In addition, three of eight rats kept in the same cage with infected animals also shed the virus into urine. Moreover, the virus genome was detected in the urine of urban rats (Rattus norvegicus) in an enzootic focus. These findings suggest that the urine containing virus from infected † rats is an actual source of the Seoul virus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050264
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional control of Borna disease virus (BDV) in persistently BDV-infected cells (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 1937-1946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Regulation of viral RNA levels in infected cells is considered important in the investigation of viral transcription and replication. Amounts of Borna disease virus (BDV) RNAs were increased in confluent persistently BDV-infected MDCK cells (MDCK/BDV) cells, while maintained at low levels in growing cells. The amount of 1.9-kb RNA without cap formation and polyadenylation at the 5′ and 3′ ends respectively were remarkably increased (200% per day) in confluent MDCK/BDV cells. Both the full-length genomic and anti-genomic RNAs were increased accompained by 1.9-kb RNA, suggesting the transcription of the 1.9-kb RNA was important for replication of BDV. Ribavirin has an inhibitory effect on replication and transcription of BDV at concentrations from 1 to 10 μg/ml [Mizutani T et al., Arch Virol (1998)143: 2 039–2 044]. BDV transcripts were decreased with ribavirin treatment and increased after its removal which indicated that ribavirin has a reversible inhibitory effect on BDV transcription. Furthermore, BDV transcription was also decreased by two agents, RMNPA and EICAR, which selectively inhibit enzyme activity related to cap formation at the 5′ end of mRNA. On the contrary, when the growing MDCK/BDV cells were treated with actinomycin D, transcripts of BDV RNA were increased for 24 h. These agents and culture conditions in this study were found to be useful tools for up-and down-regulation of BDV transcription in persistently BDV-infected cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050716
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modes of Seoul virus infections: persistency in newborn rats and transiency in adult rats (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 2327-2338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To understand the mode of persistent infection of Seoul virus in rodents, we examined the distribution of the virus genome and antibody production in infected rats. When 1-day-old rats were inoculated with the KI-83-262 strain, the S segment of viral genome was detected in sera, clots, lungs and kidneys from 3 to 184 days post inoculation (d.p.i.) by nested reverse transcriptase PCR. On the other hand, when 7-week-old rats were infected with this virus, viral genome was detected only in the lungs from 3 to 50 d.p.i. The neutralizing antibody titers of rats inoculated at 1-day of age were higher than those of rats inoculated at 7 weeks of age. In both age groups, however, the IgG avidity of antibody increased along with the course of infection. We found that urban rats (Rattus norvegicus) infected early in life harbored the virus for more than 6 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718634
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody-dependent enhancement of hantavirus infection in macrophage cell lines (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 122 (1992), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of hantavirus infections (strains Hantaan 76–118 and SR-11) was studied using macrophage-like cell lines (J774.1, P388D1, and U937). Significantly higher virus titers (1,000 to 4,000 FFU/ml) were obtained by pretreatment of the virus with immune serum as compared to normal serum (〈20 FFU/ml). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to strain Hantaan 76–118 were employed to determine the antigenic determinants responsible for the ADE activity. ADE of the infection occurred with MAbs to both G1 and G2 envelope glycoproteins, but not with MAbs to nucleocapsid protein. Antigenic determinants related to haemagglutination or virus neutralization were found to cause ADE of the infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321121
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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