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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and histochemical evaluation of tryptase in various human tissues (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 281 (1989), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Tryptase ; Histamine ; Chymase ; Cathepsin D ; Histamine-N-methyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of tryptase in various human tissue high-salt extracts (skin, lung, pancreas, liver, kidney, and spleen) was studied. Tryptase activity was compared with tissue histamine concentration, chymase activity, and cathepsin D, and histamine-N-methyltransferase (HMT) activities. Tryptase activity, found biochemically in tissue extracts, was localized in tissue sections by an enzyme-histochemical method using peptide 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide substrates and Fast Garnet GBC as the chromogen. The highest levels of tryptase activity were found in lung and skin extracts. Liver, kidney, and spleen extracts displayed only a little activity. The distribution of histamine was similar to that of tryptase, whereas distributions of cathepsin D and HMT were quite different from that of tryptase. High-salt extracts of lung contained no detectable chymase activity, but in skin extracts this activity was high. Using an enzyme-histochemical method, the tryptase activity in tissue sections seemed solely to be confined to cells, which were granular and Giemsa positive after the red azo dye had been removed with Tween 20. Skin and lung sections contained the highest number of positively stained cells. The inhibition properties of tryptase, found in both tissue extracts and sections, and the substrate profile in tissue sections were identical. Human leukocyte preparation was negative for tryptase when stained enzyme-histochemically. The present results suggest that tryptase in human tissues is found only in the mast cells. The enzyme seems to be identical in the various human tissues studied because the different high-salt extracts were immunologically cross-reactive when tested with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against skin tryptase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methionine adenosyltransferase activity in cultured cells and in human tissues
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Basis of Disease 1097 (1991), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-4439
    Keywords: (Human) ; Cell line ; Methionine adenosyltransferase ; S-Adenosylmethionine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0925-4439(91)90098-T
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and T-cells express CD40 and CD40L in fatty streaks and more advanced human atherosclerotic lesions (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 437 (2000), S. 396-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords CD40-CD40L ; Atherogenesis ; T cells ; Macrophages ; Smooth muscle cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  CD40–CD40L receptor–ligand interaction plays a central role in antigen presentation, immunological reactions, and in T-cell and macrophage activation. Since all these mechanisms are important for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we studied the expression profile of CD40–CD40L in different types of human atherosclerotic lesions using double immunostaining techniques with cell type-specific antibodies. Normal human intima did not contain CD40 or CD40L immunoreactivity. From type-II lesions (fatty streaks) to advanced type-VI lesions (complicated plaques), colocalization of CD40 and CD40L was observed in T cells (CD3+ cells), macrophages (CD68+ cells), and smooth muscle cells (HHF35+ cells). No correlation was found between the lesion type and CD40–CD40L expression. Positive lesions had dense infiltrations of macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells together with T cells. The most intensive immunoreactivity for the CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L was found in macrophage- and T-cell-rich pockets, where both cell types were in close contact with each other. The majority of macrophages, and especially those of macrophage-derived foam cells, were positive for both CD40 and CD40L. A small subset of the lesion macrophage population (10–20%) consisted of cells positive only for either CD40 or CD40L, suggesting the presence of a subpopulation of macrophages more active in inflammatory processes than in lipid uptake. Intimal smooth muscle cells in and around the macrophage-rich areas as well as some of the medial smooth muscle cells near the lesions stained positive for CD40 and CD40L. Moderate to faint expression of these proteins was also found in endothelium. In addition, CD40–CD40L immunoreactivity colocalized with epitopes characteristic of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, scavenger receptor class A, and CD16 (FcγRIII), thus suggesting the involvement of CD40–CD40L and these pathogenetic mediators in foam cell formation, progression of atherosclerotic lesions, and differentiation of immunologically active subsets of macrophages. These results support the hypothesis that CD40–CD40L interaction is involved in atherogenesis and that it might provide a target for future therapeutic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280000239
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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