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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in the gyrA and parC genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 154 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We determined partial sequences of the gyrA and parC genes of Citrobacter freundii type strain, and then examined 38 C. freundii clinical strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections for the association of alterations in GyrA and ParC with susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Our results suggest that in C. freundii DNA gyrase may be a primary target of quinolones, that an amino acid change at Thr-83 or Asp-87 in GyrA is sufficient to decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, and that accumulation of changes in GyrA with the simultaneous presence of an alteration at Ser-80 or Glu-84 in ParC may be associated with the development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in C. freundii clinical isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12675.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Evaluation of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen-Alpha1 - Antichymotrypsin Complex Values in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Cooperative Study (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 5 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background We studied the clinical significance of serum prostate-specific antigen bound to α1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT) values determined with a newly developed enzyme immunoassay. Methods Serum PSA-ACT values were determined in a total of 652 sera. Clinical utility for the diagnosis of prostate cancer was compared to that of Tandem-R PSA and y-seminoprotein (μgm- Sm). The new enzyme immunoassay is based on the use of the Stanford reference as an international standard for PSA assays. Results Serum PSA-ACT values ranged from less than 0.10 to 1.4ng/mL in healthy males (n = 100) while values in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 1 55) averaged 3.4 ± 3.8ng/mL (mean ± SD). In patients with prostate cancer, serum PSA-ACT values increased significantly with progression of the clinical stage and there were statistically significant differences between benign prostatic hyperplasia and each stage of prostate cancer except for stage A. Using BPH levels as controls (4.8ng/mL for PSA-ACT, 7.2ng/mL for PSA, 3.8ng/mL for y-Sm, and 2.4ng/mL for thecomplexed/free PSA ratio of PSA-ACT/μtgM-Sm), specificity was 80%. The sensitivity of prostate cancer detection was 79% for PSA-ACT, 77% for PSA, 57% for γ-Sm, and 46% for the ratio between PSA-ACT/γ-Sm. Conclusion Although the determination of serum PSA-ACT showed essentially the same utility as that of PSA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, PSA-ACT may allow prediction of the clinical stage. The PSA-ACT assay may therefore replace PSA in the detection of prostate cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1998.tb00234.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a rapid assay for screening point mutations associated with quinolone resistance in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa parC gene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 6 (2000), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: Key wordsPseudomonas aeruginosa ; parC mutations ; Fluoroquinolone resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To detect quinolone resistance-associated mutations within the Ser-80 and Glu-84 codons of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa parC gene, we developed a rapid and simple assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the region of the parC gene containing the mutation sites and digestion of the PCR products with a restriction enzyme. The mutations generating alterations at Ser-80 and Glu-84 were detected as restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the PCR products digested with HinfI. Among 22 clinical isolates tested by this assay, mutations at the Ser-80 and Glu-84 codons were detected in all 10 isolates in which the presence of the mutations had been confirmed previously by DNA sequencing. This rapid and simple assay could be a useful screening device for genetic alterations associated with resistance to quinolones in the P. aeruginosa parC gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101560050045
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary report on DU-6859a for urinary tract infection (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 1 (1995), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: DU-6859a ; new quinolone ; clinical study ; urinary tract infection ; efficacy ; safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy safety, and clinical value of DU-6859a, a novel new quinolone antimicrobial, were evaluated in a multicenter study. The subjects were selected from among patients aged 20 to 79 years with mild to moderate uncomplicated or complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). DU-6859a was administered orally after meals at a dose of 50–100 mg once or twice daily for 3–7 days. The clinical efficacy rate for all target infections was determined to be 88.5%, (100/113) by the attending physicians. The efficacy rate was 100% (21/21) for acute uncomplicated cystitis, 84.9% (62/73) for complicated cystitis, and 88.9% (16/18) for complicated pyelonephritis. The overall clinical efficacy rate and the eradication rate for urinary pathogens were determined according to the Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents for UTI proposed by the Japanese UTI Committee. The rates were, respectively, 100% (9/9) and 100% (11/11) for acute uncomplicated UTI and 88.0% (66/75) and 91.2% (93/102) for complicated UTI. Clinical adverse reactions were experienced in seven (5/7%) out of 123 evaluable patients, but all symptoms were mild. Laboratory adverse reactions, such as slight elevations of GOT and/or GPT, were noted in 13 (12.1%) out of 107 evaluable patients. DU-6859a showed excellent clinical efficacy against acute uncomplicated and complicated UTI which reflected its high antibacterial activity in vitro and did not cause any clinically significant adverse reactions. These results show that DU-6859a is worthy of further clinical studies for the treatment of UTI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection ofUreaplasma urealyticum in urethral swab samples from asymptomatic men and men with urethritis by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 2 (1996), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: polymerase chain reaction ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; male urethritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay with primers specific for the 16S rRNA gene ofUreaplasma urealyticum with culture techniques for detectingU. urealyticum from urethral swab samples obtained from 256 asymptomatic men. Of 24 samples positive forU. urealyticum by culture, 23 samples were positive by the PCR-based assay, whereas 2 of 232 samples with a negative culture were positive by the PCR-based assay. The sensitivity and specificity for the PCR-based assay compared to culture were 95.8% and 99.1%, respectively. Our results confirmed the validity of the PCR-based assay for identifying this pathogen from urethral swab samples. In this study, we also examined urethral swab samples obtained from 195 men with urethritis for the detection ofU. urealyticum by this assay.U. urealyticum was detected in 1 (3.4%) of 29 men with gonococcal urethritis and 23 (13.9%) of 166 men with nongonococcal urethritis. This assay may be a relevant tool to diagnose urethralUreaplasma infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02355117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-arterial chemotherapy using a reservoir for endocrine-refractory prostate cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 35 (1994), S. S27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Prostate cancer ; Endocrine refractory tumor ; Intra-arterial chemotherapy ; Reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For local control in patients with endocrinerefractory prostate cancer, an intra-arterial chemotherapy regimen comprising methotrexate (MTX), Adriamycin (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP) was evaluated. A total of 19 patients having a mean age of 66.4±8.8 years and a mean performance status (PS) of 1.3±1.0 were enrolled. Of these patients, 3 had proved to be resistant to initial endocrine therapy and the remaining 16 had relapsed from disease stabilization after endocrine therapy. The catheter tip was placed in the internal iliac artery in 16 cases, in the common iliac artery in 2 cases, and in the aorta in 1 case after occlusion of the contralateral feeding artery. The intra-arterial chemotherapy was performed mainly using MTX (30 mg/m2), ADM (30 mg/m2), and CDDP (50 mg/m2) as one course and was repeated for a mean of 2.9±2.3 courses. Then, in an outpatient clinic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ADM, or MTX was given intra-arterially as maintenance chemotherapy until re-relapse. As based on the criteria for evaluation of nonsurgical therapy in prostate cancer proposed by the Japanese Urological Association, the prostatic lesion showed a partial response (PR) in 9 cases and no change (NC) in 10 cases. As judged from the response of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a complete response (CR) was obtained in 6 cases, a PR, in 3 cases; and NC and progressive disease (PD), in 2 cases each. Therefore, the overall response rate was 63%. Improvement in the symptoms was observed in 83% of patients. The duration of the response was 15.1±10.5 months for the PR cases and 7.4±5.7 months for the NC cases. Furthermore, the mean survival time observed in the PR group was 38.9 months, which was better than that seen in the NC (16.4 months) and PD (10.5 months) groups. These results suggest that intra-arterial chemotherapy may become and option for the treatment of locally advanced and endocrine-refractory prostate cancers. Using a reservoir, this chemotherapy can be easily given in an outpatient clinic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686915
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-arterial administration of methotrexate, Adriamycin, and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 30 (1992), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer, the intra-arterial administration of methotrexate (MTX), Adriamycin (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP; IA-MAC) was evaluated. A total of 48 patients with bladder cancer (≧T2 or CIS) were selected and received 30.1 mg MTX, 34.5 mg ADM, and 89.1 mg CDDP as an average course. The mean tumor-regression rate after 2 or 3 weeks was 52.3%, and patients with grade 3 transitional-cell carcinoma showed the best results, achieving a 69.6% regression rate. In 30 cases (63%), downstaging was observed. Among the 46 patients who underwent subsequent surgical therapy, the bladder could be preserved in 26 cases by transurethral resection or segmental resection. According to the criteria of the Japanese Association of Cancer Therapy, a histological effect of GIII or better was obtained in 15 cases (29%). The histological effect correlated well with the tumor-regression rate. As compared with intravenous therapy with MTX, vinblastine, ADM, and CDDP (M-VAC), IA-MAC treatment was well tolerated due to its lower degree of bone marrow suppression, and it resulted in a longer disease-free interval and better survival. In addition, the period prior to surgical therapy was shortened in this study. These results suggest that IA-MAC chemotherapy can be useful as an arm of multidisciplinary treatment of advanced bladder tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686932
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