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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 341-347 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Frog ; Habenulae ; HRP ; Connections ; Asymmetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of the habenular nuclei connections by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has never been carried out in amphibia. In the present paper we have investigated the afferent projections of the left and right habenular nuclei of the frog Rana esculenta using this technique. Cells, labelled by HRP, were either in a Golgi-like pattern or in a granular pattern. It appears that the habenular nuclei on the two sides of the epithalamus do not show different connections even though they are morphologically asymmetric. In fact, each habenula is connected bilaterally with the septal area and the bed nucleus of the hippocampal commissure, and ipsilaterally with the hypothalamic areas, the entopeduncular nucleus, the periventricular gray of the third ventricle and the interpeduncular nucleus. However, the habenular commissure has typical commissural fibres which apparently do not involve the medial portion of the left habenula. The habenular connections in the frog are generally similar to those reported in the literature for mammals. In addition, our results show the possibility that HRP is transported both retrograde and anterograde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rana esculenta ; Spinal cord ; Granular vesicles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of large granular vesicles have been demonstrated in the spinal cord of the frog Rana esculenta. Each type is contained in different fibres located in the neuropil of the ventral horn. The two types of vesicles differ in their diameter and quantity, in the smoothness of their limiting membrane and the electron density of their core. The possibility that they contain peptides is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 45 (1982), S. 349-356 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Frog ; ITP ; HRP ; Connections ; Asymmetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HRP was injected into the ITP of the frogRana esculenta. Golgi-like labelled cells were consistently demonstrated bilaterally in the dorsal habenular nuclei and in a dorsolateral tegmental nucleus of the mesencephalic central grey. A few labelled cells of this type were also observed in the lateral hypothalamus, in the epiphysis and medial to the nucleus isthmi. Granular deposits of HRP were observed in cells of the bed nucleus of the hippocampal commissure, in the dorsal hypothalamus and in the dorsal midline of the midbrain and isthmic tegmentum. Accumulations of granules were also apparent in suprachoroidal cells. A quantity of labelled fibres were observed bilaterally in the fasciculus retroflexus (FR) and a few in the periventricular grey, the pineal recess and the ependymal layer of the third ventricle. The frog dorsal habenulae, homologous to the mammalian medial habenulae, are morphologically asymmetric. HRP labelling occurred in the right habenula as well as in both subdivisions of the left habenula. The labelling pattern remained unchanged in those specimens in which the habenular commissure was cut immediately prior to HRP injection in the ITP. In no case were the ventral habenular nuclei, homologous to the lateral habenulae in mammals, found labelled. Our results demonstrate that the habenulo-inter-peduncular afferents originate solely from the dorsal habenular nuclei and that labelling of the asymmetric portion of the left dorsal habenula is effected through the FR, which seems to be of the same size on both sides of the brain. In addition, the possibility is raised that there exists a connection between ITP, the pineal and the third ventricle choroid plexus in the frog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Frontal organ ; Rana esculenta ; Cobaltfilling ; Connections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central connections of the frontal organ of the frog Rana esculenta were studied by means of the cobalt-filling technique using the cobaltic lysine complex. The results showed that the frontal organ has suprisingly more extended connections than those demonstrated after the application of other techniques. In fact, we found that it is connected to the pineal, the hypothalamus, the brain stem and the retina. These connections, which neuroanatomically have not been reported before, suggest that the frontal organ of the frog participates, in some way, in several different functions, such as neuroendocrine activities, motor responses and lateral eyes photoreception interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 96 (1990), S. 421-424 
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 481-482 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Substance P ; immunohistochemistry ; spinal ganglia ; frog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity was studied in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia of the frogRana esculenta by immunohistochemistry. Substance P-like immunoreactivity was contained in approximately 50% of primary sensory neurons. The immunoreactive fibers arising from the cell bodies are collected in small bundles within the ganglia neuropil before entering the central and peripheral roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 51-67 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myelin ; Ventral habenular nuclei ; Interpeduncular nucleus ; Rana esculenta ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural analysis of myelin in the ventral habenular and in the interpeduncular nuclei of the adult frog Rana esculenta has been carried out. In the ventral habenular nuclei, in addition to normally myelinated fibres, some myelin irregularities have been observed. They consist of myelin enwrapping the perikarya of some neurons and of isolated flaps of collapsed myelin. In the interpeduncular nucleus numerous myelinated fibres occur but few redundant myelin irregularities have been noticed. The morphological data suggest that myelination of fibres in these sites is due to the spiral wrapping mechanism from a glial cell process while the myelin irregularities described in the ventral habenular nuclei are probably due to membrane synthesis within the cytoplasm of the myelinated neurons and of the oligodendrocytes which are sometimes observed in contact with the ensheathed neurons. In the interpeduncular nucleus myelinated fibres indenting astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated neurons ; Habenula ; Interpeduncular nucleus ; Electron microscopy ; Rana esculenta, tadpole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cilia of the 9+2 pattern are found electron microscopically in nonependymal cells of the habenulae and the interpeduncular nucleus of the tadpole of Rana esculenta at an early stage of development (8 mm length, head to tip of tail). A comparison is made between these and the ependymal and sensory cilia in the same specimens. The cilia project into the neuropil emerging from a perikaryon rich in free ribosomes and displaying a prominent Golgi apparatus. These perikarya contain dense core vesicles. Synapses with vesicles of the clear spherical type have been observed along the ciliary shaft. On a purely morphologic basis the authors hypothesize that these cilia, at least in this early ontogenetic stage, may extend considerably the conducting surface of the cell and represent a sensory structure which could be stimulated by terminal processes belonging to distantly located cells. In addition, they could also be involved in the trophic exchange of material with the adjacent structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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