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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from starch by Azotobacter chroococcum (1998)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 20 (1998), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from starch was investigated in flask, batch, and fed-batch cultures of Azotobacter chroococcum. In flask culture, PHB content increased up to 74% of dry cell wt with increasing culture volume. In batch culture, PHB content increased to 44% with O2 limitation. In fed-batch culture, cell concentration of 71 g/l with 20% PHB was obtained without O2 limitation, whereas cell concentration of 54 g/l with 46% PHB was obtained with O2 limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005307903684
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microencapsulation of yeast cells in the calcium alginate membrane (1993)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 7 (1993), S. 879-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24858) were encapsulated in the calcium alginate membrane and cultured. Swelling of the capsule was prevented by adding 0.2 g CaCl2 to 1 L growth medium. The dry cell concentration based on the inner volume of the capsule reached 309 g/L, which was much higher than could be obtained by cell entrapment. All the cells remained inside the capsule during the cultivation. The flux of CO2 through the capsule membrane increased approximately twice by adding a nonionic surfactant to the CaCl2 solution during the step of capsule formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156366
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of glucose feeding using exit gas data and its application to the production of PHB from tapioca hydrolysate byAlcaligenes eutrophus (1995)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 9 (1995), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A method to estimate the glucose concentration in the culture broth using CO2 evolution rate (CER) data from a mass spectrometer was developed.Alcaligenes eutrophus was cultivated to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) from tapioca hydrolysate using this method. Thek value (g glucose/mol CO2), defined as the glucose consumption per CO2 evolution, decreased with culture time and was automatically changed using CER data. The glucose concentration in the culture broth could be controlled at 10 to 20 g/L. A final cell concentration of 106 g/L, PHB concentration of 61 g/L. and PHB content of 58 % of dry cell weight were obtained after 59 h of cultivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638861
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lysis of gram-negative Alcaligenes eutrophus and Alcaligenes latus by palmitoyl carnitine (1993)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 7 (1993), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The use of synthetic palmitoyl carnitine, naturally occurring in cellular membranes, was investigated for the lysis of Alcaligenes eutrophus and Alcaligenes latus. The optimal concentration of the lysin was 1.0 mM and the lysis was almost completed in 60 minutes. Alcaligenes latus was more susceptible to the lytic activity of palmitoyl carnitine than Alcaligenes eutrophus. Palmitoyl carnitine was found to be a more effective lysin than lysozyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curdlan gels as protein drug delivery vehicles (2000)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 22 (2000), S. 1127-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Keywords: curdlan ; gel ; hydroxyethylation ; protein drug delivery ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The use of curdlan, a natural β-1,3-glucan, in protein drug delivery vehicles was studied by carrying out in vitro release studies with curdlan gels containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Addition of urea (8 M) decreased the gel formation temperature to 37 °C. Curdlan was hydroxyethylated in order to form gels under mild conditions such as physiological temperature and pH. In gels formed in 8 M urea solution, urea was almost released after 2 h while BSA was completely released after 45–100 h. The total time for complete release of BSA increased with curdlan concentration within gels. The strength of hydroxyethylated curdlan gels (385.7 dyne cm−2) was weaker than that of curdlan gels formed in 8 M urea solution (6277 dyne cm−2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005636205036
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of microbial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) recover using dispersions of sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 256-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; PHB recovery ; sodium hypochlorite ; chloroform ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimization was carried out for the recovery of microbiol poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus. This process involved the use of a dispersion made of sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform. The dispersion enabled us to take advantage of both differential digestion by hypochlorite and solvent extraction by chloroform. The PHB recovery (%) from cell powder was maximized using a 30% hypochlorite concentration, a 90-min treatment time, and a 1:1 (v/v) chloroform-to-aqueous-phase ratio. Under these optimal conditions, the recovery was about 91% and the purity of recovered PHB was higher than 97%. The number average molecular weight, Mn of recovered PHB was about 300,000 and the weight average molecular weight Mw was about 1,020,000, compared to the original Mn of 530,000 and Mw of 1,272,000. The moderate decrease in both Mn and Mw might be ascribed to the shielding effect of chloroform. In addition, the relatively small decrease in Mw probably resulted from the loss of short PHB chains which might be water soluble. The crystallinity of recovered PHB was in the range of 60 to 65%although a slightly higher crystallinity was observed when the dispersion was used. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus with glucose concentration control (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 892-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) ; high cell density culture ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; on-line glucose analyzer ; mass spectrometer ; fed-batch culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcaligenes eutrophus NCIMB 11599 was cultivated to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) from glucose by the automatic fed-batch culture technique. The glucose concentration of the culture broth was controlled at 10 to 20 g/L by two methods: using exit gas data obtained from a mass spectrometer and using an on-line glucose analyzer. The effect of ammonium limitation on PHB synthesis at different culture phases was studied. The final cell concentration, PHB concentration, and PHB productivity increased as ammonia feeding was stopped at a higher cell concentration. High concentrations of PHB (121 g/L) and total cells (164 g/L) were obtained in 50 h when ammonia feeding was stopped at the cell concentration of 70 g/L. The maximum PHB content reached 76% of dry cell weight and the productivity was 2.42 g/L h with the yield of 0.3 g PHB/g glucose.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell retention culture with an internal filter module: Continuous ethanol fermentation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 677-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: internal filter feedback system ; high-density cell culture ; continuous ethanol fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new internal filter feedback system with a stainless steel filter was introduced and its application for continuous ethanol fermentation was investigated. The filter performance was highly influenced by agitation speed and yeast concentration. Retention coefficient with a filter of 2 μm pore size was found more than 97.5%, and the filter was suitable for yeast separation. Maximum yeast concentration was 157 g/L and the best operable cell concentration was between 90 and 150 g/L. Which was similar to that obtained in the external membrane cell recycle culture. The cell concentration in the fermentor was maintained by manipulation of dilution rate and bleed ratio with the growth rate. The internal filter feedback system was successfully operated for more than 10 days. This study shows that the internal filter feedback system with a stainless steel filter can be used high-density cell culture and ethanol fermentation. Furthermore, it can be scaled up more easily than the external cell recycle system. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410612
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate by fed-batch culture of recombinantEscherichia coli (1992)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 14 (1992), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A recombinantEscherichia coli strain harboring the PHB biosynthesis genes fromAlcaligenes eutrophus was used to produce poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by pH-stat fedbatch culture. Initial glucose concentration for optimal growth was found to be 20g/L from a series of flask cultures. A final PHB concentration of 88.8 g/L could be obtained after 42 hrs of cultivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029144
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