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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical-induced oxidative damage are critical factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, phospholipid breakdown by phospholipase D (PLD) has been recognized as an important signalling pathway in the nervous system. Here, we examined the expression of PLD and alteration of membrane phospholipid in scrapie brain. We have found that protein expression and enzyme activity of PLD1 were increased in scrapie brains compared with controls; in particular, there was an increase in the mitochondrial fraction. PLD1 in mitochondrial membranes from scrapie brains, but not from control brains, was tyrosine phosphorylated. Furthermore, the concentration of mitochondrial phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was increased and the content of phosphatidic acid, a product of PLD activity, was up-regulated in the mitochondrial membrane fractions. Immunohistochemically, PLD1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in activated astrocytes in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus of scrapie brains. Taken together, these results suggest that PLD activation might induce alterations in mitochondrial lipids and, in turn, mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in the brains of scrapie-infected mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the local atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitric oxide (NO) systems in the kidney were investigated.2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, every 12 h, i.p.) for 2 days. The expression of ANP and natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) mRNA was determined in the kidney, as was that of endothelial NO synthase (NOS) proteins. Particulate and soluble guanylyl cyclase activities were determined separately.3. Following treatment with indomethacin, urinary sodium excretion decreased significantly. Although the renal expression of ANP was not changed significantly, that of NPR-A decreased significantly. The expression of NOS increased significantly. Particulate guanylyl cyclase activity was decreased, whereas the activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase was increased. The catalytic activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was increased, with no significant changes in its expression. The expression of the type 3 Na/H exchanger and Na–K−2CL cotransporters increased significantly.4. The indomethacin-induced decrease in urinary sodium excretion may be attributed, at least in part, to decreased activity of the local ANP/cGMP system. The increased activity of the NO/cGMP system may be a compensatory response to the diminished activity of the prostaglandin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 10 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY:  The development of irreversible renal changes in diabetes mellitus, such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, are always preceded by the early hypertrophic processes in the glomerular and tubular compartment. However, the role of hypertrophy of podocyte in the diabetic nephropathy have not been fully elucidated yet. Observation came from a cross sectional study in diabetic Pima Indians suggests that subjects with clinical nephropathy had fewer podocytes per glomerulus than those without nephropathy. Since podocytes are thought to be incapable of replication, this observation suggests that podocyte loss, or perhaps a low podocyte number per glomerulus, contributes to the development and progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte hypertrophy caused by high glucose concentration leads to podocyte loss and is a new insight of pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy; and it also provides us with new therapeutic strategies in diabetic nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 1825-1828 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have demonstrated the growth of ZnO thin films with c-axis orientation at roomtemperature on various substrates such as Si(100), SiO2, and sapphire by the r.f. magnetron sputtering method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy altogether indicated that the larger grain size and the higher crystallinity were attained when the ZnO films were deposited on sapphire substrates, compared to the films on Si or SiO2 substrates. The c-axis lattice constant decreased by thermal annealing for the ZnO films deposited on Si or SiO2 substrates, while increased by the thermal annealing for the ZnO films grown on sapphire substrates
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 3377-3380 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have demonstrated the production of gallium oxide thin films on various substrates such as Si(111), SiO2, and sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using the trimethylgallium (TMGa) as a precursor in the presence of oxygen. The XRD data revealed that the as-deposited gallium oxide films were fully amorphous but very small crystallites with monoclinic structures were found with the thermal annealing at a sufficiently high temperature, regardless of substrate materials. The AFM analysis indicated that the surface roughness increased by the thermal annealing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 3923-3926 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have investigated the effect of annealing temperature on the structural property of Au thin films deposited on Si(100) substrate using the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction revealed that the relative intensities and FWHM of (111), (200), and (311) peaks increased and decreased, respectively, after thermal annealing at 600℃. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that after annealing at 600-700℃, Au structures agglomerated on Si(100) surfaces. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX) revealed that the agglomerated structure was composed of pure Au
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 312 (June 2006), p. 105-110 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two dimensional statistical characteristics of inter particle/void distance (ID) for various particle/void and dispersion types are studied in relation with toughening of plastics using computer generated three dimensional models. Particle/void size groups adopted were of log-normal distribution. Particles/voids were dispersed at uniform-random. It was found that IDs are (a) of approximately Gaussian distribution but; (b) not of Gaussian distribution for particle/void sizes ofbimodal log-normal distribution (created by mixing of two groups of articles/voids). It was also found that the degree of ID uniformity, which can be represented by the inverse of the coefficient of variation, for a single group of log-normally sized particles/voids is not sensitive to standard deviation of particle/void size.Mixing effect on ID characteristics using two groups of log-normally distributed particles/voids with similar mean particle/void diameters was simulated. It was found that, when a significant amount (36 vol %) of particles/voids of a small mean and standard deviation of ID, was mixed with a group of particles/voids of a large mean and standard deviation of ID, mean and standard deviation of ID for the mixture were not substantially lower than those of the group of particles/voids of the large mean and standard deviation of ID. It was also found that the degree of ID uniformity for the mixture of the two groups were lower than those of individual groups,indicating that the mixing has deleterious effect on toughening
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 312 (June 2006), p. 3-8 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Toughening of thermosets by creation of residual compressive stresses around microspheres is studied. Expandable hollow micro-spheres containing liquefied gas were used for the creation of residual compressive stresses. Microscopic compressive residual stresses around the micro-spheres in the vicinity of the crack tip were graphically analysed and related to macroscopic mechanical behaviour for mode I fracture. It was confirmed that toughening was due to residual compressive stresses rather post-cure effect
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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