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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emergent excitations in a geometrically frustrated magnet (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 856-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Frustrated systems are ubiquitous, and they are interesting because their behaviour is difficult to predict; frustration can lead to macroscopic degeneracies and qualitatively new states of matter. Magnetic systems offer good examples in the form of spin lattices, where all interactions between ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00964
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of topical α-hydroxyacids on the normal skin barrier of hairless mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background α-hydroxyacids (AHA), such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, have recently been used in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. However, the mechanisms of action of these substances have not been well documented. Objectives This study was done to investigate the effects of AHA on the skin barrier of hairless mice and to clarify the contribution of AHA to the formation and secretion of the lamellar bodies (LB), which are known to be the critical structure for barrier function in the epidermis. Methods 5% Lactic acid and 5% glycolic acid were applied to normal skin of the mice daily for 14 days. Results Changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance and electron microscopic findings of the epidermis of hairless mice were compared with those in which only the vehicle was applied. Conclusions There were no significant differences in TEWL, capacitance or epidermal thickness between the epidermis of the mice to which AHA or vehicle only had been applied. On electron micrographs, the normal epidermis to which AHA had been applied showed an increase in the number and secretion of LB and a decrease in the number of stratum corneum (SC) layers in comparison with the epidermis to which the vehicle only had been applied. The lipid layers of the SC intercellular spaces and calcium gradient in both the epidermis with application of AHA and that with vehicle only were normal. These results suggest that AHA, in low concentration (5%), may improve the skin barrier in hairless mice by inducing enhanced desquamation, and by increasing the number and secretion of LB without increasing TEWL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04011.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and structural properties of strained InAlAs/InAsxP1−x multi-quantum wells grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2622-2627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the optical and structural properties of strained InAlAs/InAsxP1−x heterostructures grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The incorporation of As4 into strained InAsP has been studied using x-ray diffraction and photoluminscence measurements. We find that the incorporation of As decreases as x in the InAsxP1−x increases due, presumably, to increased strain. In addition, we have examined the effect of interface growth conditions and barrier material on the quantum well properties. The 4.2 K photoluminescence spectra of InAlAs/InAsP multi-quantum wells grown with different As and P flux switching conditions at the interfaces were compared with that of higher quality InP/InAsP multi-quantum wells. This comparison shows that the interface quality of InAlAs/InAsP multi-quantum wells is highly dependent on the switching conditions at the interfaces, especially the exposure time of InAsP surface to an As4 overpressure. This sensitivity is due to the As–P exchange reaction at the interfaces of InAlAs/InAsP. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large room-temperature intergrain magnetoresistance in double perovskite SrFe1−x(Mo or Re)xO3 (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1737-1739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report significant intergrain magnetoresistance (IMR) in polycrystalline double perovskites of SrFe1−x(Mo or Re)xO3 at room temperature. Systematics of the temperature dependence of IMR indicates that the observed large room-temperature IMR in SrFe1/2Mo1/2O3 originates from the ferrimagnetic nature of insulating grain boundaries as well as the half-metallicity of this perovskite. Our results indicate that a new avenue for spin-polarized tunneling junctions is to utilize insulating interface layers with ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic coupling. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123672
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and magnetic properties of CoFe alloy films : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4764-4766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The investigation of the structural and magnetic properties of bcc Co1−xFex (0.1〈x〈0.4) alloy films prepared on MgO(001) substrates using e-beam evaporation and pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLAD) methods is reported. Both structural and magnetic properties seem to be strongly correlated to the deposition conditions, i.e., substrate temperatures (Ts) and deposition rates (DR). To identify the stability limits of the bcc structure in the phase diagram, our study is limited to the Co-rich compounds. For x≥0.3 at high Ts (500 °C), alloy films deposited by e-beam evaporation exhibit a bcc (001) growth, showing the magnetic anisotropy with easy axis parallel to the MgO [100] crystal axis. In the PLAD technique, the excellent bcc (001) film growth is observed at Ts=300 °C for x=0.25 which is close to the concentration limit of the bcc regime in the equilibrium bulk phase diagram, whereas the same compound films deposited at high Ts reveal the mixed phase of fcc (001) and bcc (001) structures. Magnetic hysteresis measurements of the film grown by the PLAD technique exhibit similar results to those of the films deposited by e-beam evaporation. These results show that, for the well-crystallized films with a bcc (001) texture, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy develops in-plane.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365457
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties and magnetic phase diagram of frustrated Co1−xFexPt3 compounds : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5273-5275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The investigation of the magnetic properties of the pseudobinary Co1−xFexPt3 L12 ordered compounds resulting from alloying ferromagnet CoPt3 and frustrated antiferromagnet FePt3 is reported. The magnetic phase diagram of this system shows the presence of a pure spin glass phase that separates the ferromagnetic region from the antiferromagnetic one. On the Co-rich side (x〈0.6), two re-entrant spin glass phases are found to emerge at low temperature in the ferromagnetic region. On the iron-rich side, an antiferromagnetic region with two antiferromagnetic [〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12 〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉120] and [〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉1200] structures is observed for 1≥x≥0.8. This magnetic phase diagram is discussed comparatively with the previously determined (Fe–Mn)Pt3 and (Co–Mn)Pt3 phase diagrams. The randomness of the average exchange interaction is suggested to arise from a competition between the three dominant magnetic interactions JCoCo, JFeFe, and JCoFe of 3d atoms in sites of second nearest neighbors in the L12 structure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364456
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial reproduction of atypical hydroa vacciniforme caused by latent Epstein–Barr virus infection (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishng, Ltd.
    International journal of dermatology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Cases of hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions caused by latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection have been reported in Asia and Mexico, some of which progressed to lymphoproliferative disorders. The precise clinical features of the disease are not, however, clear.Methods We performed an artificial provocation test with repeated exposures of ultraviolet A (UVA) and UVB in an 8-year-old Korean girl who had severe hydroa vacciniforme-like skin eruptions on exposed areas.Results The patient showed features of latent EBV infection serologically, and an in situ hybridization study indicated that most infiltrating mononuclear cells in the dermis were positive for EBV. After three exposures to UVA irradiation with a total dose of 90 J/cm2, erythema and vesicles appeared on the UVA-irradiated site but not on the UVB-irradiated site.Conclusions Atypical hydroa vacciniforme caused by latent EBV infection could be reproduced by repeated UVA irradiation. Further study on the photo-protection would be necessary to prevent its progression to lymphoproliferative malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01307_2.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of CO2 laser beam absorptance as a function of temperature for steels by the numerical method (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 784-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Temperature distributions were measured during the irradiation of a CO2 laser beam at one end of a rod-shaped specimen and at the centre of a thin plate-shaped specimen. Regarding the measured temperature distributions as one-dimensional and two-dimensional unsteady state heat transfer solutions, CO2 laser beam absorptances were calculated using a modified finite difference method. Temperature dependence of thermal properties, heat loss due to convection and latent heat during melting of the specimen were taken into account in this numerical calculation. Increasing the specimen temperature from room temperature to melting point, absorptances of STS304 stainless steel and SM45C steel were calculated as 8 ∼ 40% and 6 ∼ 41% for the one-dimensional calculation, and as 9.3 ∼ 41% and 5 ∼ 41% for the two-dimensional calculation, respectively. These calculated absortances were very close to theoretical values at relatively low temperature, which were calculated from the electrical resistivities of the specimens. Increasing the temperature of the specimens, absorptances increased considerably due to oxidation of the specimens. Regardless of specimen composition and specimen dimension, both absorptances showed nearly the same value of 41% at their melting points, in which the structures of both metals became amorphous phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356343
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of the neurological complications of infective endocarditis (1998)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain embolism ; Endocarditis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the findings on CT or MRI in five patients with neurological symptoms and underlying infective endocarditis (IE). We noted the size, number, and distribution of lesions, the presence or absence of haemorrhage, and contrast enhancement patterns. The number of lesions ranged from 4 to more than 10 in each patient. Their size varied from punctate to 6 cm; they were distributed throughout the brain. The lesions could be categorized into four patterns based on imaging features. A cortical infarct pattern was seen in all patients. Patchy lesions, which did not enhance, were found in the white matter or basal ganglia in three. Isolated, tiny, nodular or ring-enhancing white matter lesions were seen in three patients, and parenchymal haemorrhages in four. In addition to the occurrence of multiple lesions with various patterns in the same patient, isolated, tiny, enhancing lesions in the white matter seemed to be valuable features which could help to differentiate the neurological complications of IE from other thromboembolic infarcts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050549
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wegener’s Granulomatosis Presenting as Mediastinal Soft Tissue Mass Invading the Tracheal Wall (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 19 (2000), S. 495-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Key words:Mediastinal mass – Tracheal invasion – Wegener’s granulomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a clinicopathologic entity of unknown cause characterised by a necrotising granulomatous vasculitis affecting multiple organs, especially the upper and lower respiratory tracts, lung and kidney. The lung is the most frequently, and sometimes the only involved organ. Single or multiple nodules, with or without cavitation, are the most common pulmonary manifestations in WG, but mediastinal involvement is atypical. The sole tracheal involvement is rare and hilar and mediastinal involvement has been thought not to be part of the clinical feature. We experienced a rare case of WG presenting as paratracheal mediastinal lesions with tracheal wall invasion, which responded dramatically to corticosteroid treatment. We present this case with a review of the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100670070016
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