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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coda-Q before and after the 1986 Andreanof Islands earthquake (1992)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 138 (1992), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Coda-Q ; subduction earthquakes ; Aleutian Islands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coda-Q values before and after the May 7, 1986 Andreanof Islands earthquake in the central Aleutian subduction zone were calculated from microearthquake seismograms on the basis of Aki's single backscattering model. Digital waveforms from 329 microeathquakes in 5.4 years before the mainshock and 40 aftershocks recorded by 11 stations of the Central Aleutians Seismic Network were utilized. Before the mainshock, coda-Q in the rupture zone west of the mainshock epicenter was 15% higher than theQ outside the rupture zone to the west. A lowQ in the region east of the mainshock epicenter is inferred, but lacks solid evidence. The highQ region accords with the part of the rupture zone where most seismic moment was released. During approximately two months after the mainshock, coda-Q in the rupture zone decreased about 10%. PrecursoryQ changes were not found in the 5.4 years before the mainshock. It is deduced that a coda-Q precursor, if it existed, was of small magnitude (〈10%), or its duration was either shorter than one year or longer than four years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876711
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case 23 nomination of precursory seismic quiescence as a significant precursor (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 79-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions Several cases of extremely strong quiescences have been investigated in great detail, and it was found that they are statistically highly significant and that they cannot be reasonably explained by catalog heterogeneity. Several additional cases of quantitatively measured quiescence have been documented. The method of measuring quiescence has progressed from using visual means to using a quantitative approach, and the understanding of the noise sources has significantly advanced during the last few years. Therefore I feel that quiescence is a real phenomenon and the method to detect it has matured to a point that is acceptable for the List of Significant Precursors, although considerably more work needs to be done to understand this parameter and its role in the earthquake generation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00945162
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress transfer and nonlinear stress accumulation at subduction-type plate boundaries — Application to the Aleutians (1984)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 122 (1984), S. 812-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study of stress accumulation in seismic gaps and of stress transfer along linear plate boundaries is presented. Time-dependent reloading of plate boundaries following seismic ruptures is modeled by a modified Elsasser model of a coupled lithosphere/asthenosphere plate system. This model is applied to study a series of large earthquakes in the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska peninsula in 1938–1965. It is found that the Rat Island earthquake and the 1948 earthquake in the central Aleutians are likely to have been triggered by adjacent ruptures, in the sense that their occurrence would have come at a later time had their neighboring segments not been ruptured. Stresses in the Unalaska Gap and the Shumagin gap are at a relatively high level and these segments of the plate boundary may be expected to rupture in the near future. In general, in the ten years (about 16% of the earthquake cycle for the Aleutians) following an earthquake, the stress recovery in the rupture zone is highly nonlinear, resulting in a much more rapid stress accumulation than the linear case. Even at a later stage of an earthquake cycle, adjacent ruptures can cause an acceleration of loading rate in addition to the coseismic stress jump. A good example is the influence of the 1964 Alaska earthquake on the 1938 rupture zone. A general conclusion of this work is that long term earthquake prediction models must take into account the nonlinear stress accumulation behavior in seismic gaps. Also, we have shown the interaction of adjacent plate boundary segments, which suggests that some large earthquakes may have been triggered by nearby ruptures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876386
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismicity in subduction zones from local and regional network observations (1993)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 140 (1993), S. 257-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Network seismology ; subduction zone ; Wadati-Benioff zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The data provided by local and regional seismograph networks are essential for the solution of many problems of subduction-zone seismology. The capabilities of such networks are limited by the instrumentation currently in common use and the unfavorable source-station geometry often imposed by the regional geography. Nevertheless, important contributions have come from the data gathered in many of the earth's subduction zones. The accuracy of hypocenter locations based on regional data is affected by the complex velocity structures characteristic of subduction zones, but the problems are now well-understood. Examples of numerous studies of the spatial configurations of the seismicity in subduction zones and consequent interpretations of seismogenesis and subduction processes are reviewed. Studies of the distributions of earthquakes in time and with magnitude, for events down to the microearthquake level, have the potential for clarifying the earthquake-generating processes and, possibly, a basis for earthquake prediction. Other uses of local and regional network data have been for investigations of coda-Q and the identification of asperities in subduction zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimate of the stress field in Kilauea's South Flank, Hawaii (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 123 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We estimated stress and seismic strain tensors for the Kilauea volcano's south flank. the stress orientation inversion and the seismic strain calculation were performed using fault-plane solutions. the principal stress and seismic strain directions are approximately uniformly distributed in space and time during the interval covered by the data. However, the σ1, σ3 plane is approximately orthogonal to the 1, 3 plane. Therefore, a weak layer may exist beneath the south flank. σ1 has a plunge of 59° and an azimuth of 152°, with a 10° 95 per cent confidence range. We also developed a stress magnitude inversion to estimate magnitudes of boundary and interior stresses. In this inversion, the principal stress directions were taken as constraints in the seismic volume, and surface geodetic observations were used as data. the maximum magmatic pressure in Kilauea's rift zone is about 160 MPa. the direction of σ1 can be interpreted as the superposition of hydrostatic stress (pgh) and magmatic pressure. Without the constraint imposed by the direction of σ1, the estimated pressure is only 60MPa, the distribution of magmatic pressure may be similar to that of pgh. In contrast, the upper rift zone may be in tension. the shear stress in the rift zone is about one order of magnitude smaller than the maximum compressive stress, supporting the interpretation of magmatic flow as fluid in dikes or channels. the combination of stress orientation inversion, seismic strain calculation, and stress magnitude inversion performed in this study provides a means by which to estimate the stress state in seismic areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06671.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EARTHQUAKES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 216 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb41367.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sizing up the threat (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 355 (1992), S. 18-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FHow does the number of small earthquakes that occur compare with the number of big ones? Even a cursory examination of earthquake counts reveals that the small ones are much more frequent. But Pacheco, Scholz and Sykes show on page 71 of this issue1 that it is not possible simply ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/355018a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Portents and predictions (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 337-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] How are earth scientists or public officials to evaluate predictions of damaging earthquakes and to decide whether measures to mitigate the effects are called for? Predictions of the place, time and magnitude of earthquakes have been made in several countries during the past two decades. Some have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339337a0
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