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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP), an Endogenous Anticholinergic Peptide: Its Exocytotic Secretion and Inhibition of Catecholamine Secretion in Adrenal Medulla (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells, stimulation of nicotinic receptors by carbachol evoked the Ca2+-dependent exocytotic cosecretion of proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) (EC50 = 50.1 µM) and catecholamines (EC50 = 63.0 µM), with the molar ratio of PAMP/catecholamines secreted being equal to the ratio in the cells. Addition of PAMP[1–20]NH2 inhibited carbachol-induced 22Na+ influx via nicotinic receptors (IC50 = 2.5 µM) in a noncompetitive manner and thereby reduced carbachol-induced 45Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (IC50 = 1.0 µM) and catecholamine secretion (IC50 = 1.6 µM). It did not alter high K+-induced 45Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels or veratridine-induced 22Na+ influx via voltage-dependent Na+ channels. PAMP seems to be a novel antinicotinic peptide cosecreted with catecholamines by a Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in response to nicotinic receptor stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64010459.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectra and hydrogen bonding of diphenylcyclopropenone (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 89 (1967), S. 3814-3817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00991a023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HAEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO RAT ADRENOMEDULLIN IN ANAESTHETIZED SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The haemodynamic effects of rat adrenomedullin (AM), a novel hypotensive peptide, were examined in anaesthetized 16–18 week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).2. An intravenous injection of rat AM dose-dependently reduced the mean blood pressure (MBP) with a concomitant fall in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) and an increase in cardiac index (CI) in both strains of rats. Per cent changes in MBP, TPRI and CI were not different between SHR and WKY.3. The plasma half-life of rat AM in SHR was similar to that in WKY when it was administered at the dose of 1.0 nmol/kg.4. These findings indicate that AM has a potent vasorelaxant activity in both SHR and WKY. The haemodynamic responsiveness to exogenous AM and its pharmaeokinetics in SHR were comparable with those in WKY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02075.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ROLES OF ADRENOMEDULLIN IN CIRCULATION CONTROL AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Adrenomedullin (AM) is found ubiquitously in tissues and organs, especially in cardiovascular tissues and in the kidney, lung and endocrine glands. It has multifunctional biological properties, of which, its effects on the control of circulation and body fluid volume regulation seem to be the most outstanding and characteristic.2. Acute administration of a high dose of AM induces a vasodilator depressor response, cardiac inotropic effects, diuresis and suppression of aldosterone secretion in experimental animals.3. Long-term continuous administration of a very low dose of AM causes vasodilation in sheep (0.5 μg/kg per h) and hypotension in rats (0.8 μg/kg per h).4. The plasma concentration of AM increases under pathological conditions such as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and hypertensive and renal diseases. Under these disease conditions, AM may be produced in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and in cardiac myocytes in response to volume expansion, hypertension and activated humoral factors, such as catecholamine and the renin–angiotensin system.5. Increased AM in the circulating blood and cardiovascular tissues may counteract pathological deviation in the system that controls circulation and body fluid volume, acting against cardiovascular damage and disease.6. Because of these beneficial properties in the cardiovascular system, AM and its pharmaceutical ligands should prove useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03047.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF CHRONICALLY INFUSED ADRENOMEDULLIN IN CONSCIOUS WISTAR-KYOTO AND SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The hypotensive effect of chronically infused human adrenomedullin (hAM), a potent vasodilator peptide that has been reported to have a natriuretic action, was examined in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).2. Conscious WKY rats and SHR were infused with 200 ng/h synthetic hAM for 14 days by means of osmotic minipumps. Control groups were infused at the same schedule with 0.9% saline. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and daily urinary excretion of Na+ and K+ were measured before and during the infusion period. In addition, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and hAM concentrations were measured on day 14 of infusion.3. A significant reduction in SBP was observed in hAM-treated SHR at day 2 and SBP remained significantly lower throughout the experiment compared with control SHR. Similarly, SBP in the hAM-treated WKY rats was found to be significantly lower than in control WKY rats during infusion. However, the hypotensive effect was not accompanied by any significant increase in urinary volume or Na+ excretion in hAM-treated rats of either strain. Chronic infusion with hAM significantly suppressed PRA and lowered the concentration of plasma aldosterone in WKY rats but not in SHR. The plasma hAM levels in treated WKY rats and SHR were 0.0 ± 9.4 and 0.6 ± 0.2 fmol/mL, respectively.4. These findings demonstrate that chronically infused hAM has a hypotensive effect in both WKY rats and SHR without an increase in urinary volume or Na+ excretion at a plasma AM concentration within the physiological limit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01796.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON PLASMA ADRENOMEDULLIN AND NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. We investigated the effect of exercise on plasma adreno-medullin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations and studied the relationship between these peptides and haemodynamic parameters in nine patients with old myocardial infarction (MI) and in eight normal subjects.2. The exercise protocol consisted of two fixed work loads (40 and 80 W) for 4 min each and venous blood samples were taken at rest, during each exercise stage and after exercise while monitoring the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). In MI, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and cardiac output (CO) were measured throughout exercise.3. Adrenomedullin levels did not significantly increase with exercise. Adrenomedullin levels correlated with PAP and PCWP at rest (P 〈 0.05). Atrial natriuretic peptide levels correlated with PAP, PCWP and LVEDP throughout exercise (P 〈 0.05) but, on multiple regression analysis, PCWP correlated only with ANP (P 〈 0.01). Brain natriuretic peptide levels correlated with LVEDP throughout exercise (P 〈 0.01) and its increment correlated closely with basal BNP levels at rest (P 〈 0.01).4. These results suggest that adrenomedullin does not respond to the acute haemodynamic changes of exercise, whereas ANP responds to it and PCWP is the major stimulus factor. Brain natriuretic peptide responds to exercise in proportion to the basal synthesis of BNP in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and LVEDP may play a role in increasing BNP during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01194.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging And Nano-Manipulation Of Single Actomyosin Motors At Work (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Muscle contraction is achieved by the sliding movement of myosin and actin using the energy of ATPase.2. Our research has focused on the question of how chemical energy is used to perform mechanical work. Recent developments of single molecule imaging and manipulation techniques have allowed us to study the chemical and mechanical events at a molecular level.3. There are many lines of evidence that show that the energy liberated from ATPase is stored in the actomyosin molecules for later use.4. The displacement produced by a single ATP molecule is made up of several steps, each of 5.3 nm. Sometimes the mechanical event is delayed after the ADP is released from myosin.5. This storage of energy may be explained by a slow conformational transition between the metastable states of the proteins. This suggestion has been supported by results obtained using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03226.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single myosin head moves along an actin filament with regular steps of 5.3 nanometres (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 397 (1999), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Actomyosin, a complex of actin filaments and myosin motor proteins, is responsible for force generation during muscle contraction. To resolve the individual mechanical events of force generation by actomyosin, we have developed a new instrument with which we can capture and directly manipulate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel distribution of adrenomedullin-immunoreactive cells in human tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 112 (1999), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Adrenomedullin (AM) is a novel hypotensive and vasodilator peptide. We previously examined the localization of AM in human, rat, and porcine tissues using a polyclonal antibody against synthetic human AM[40–52]. We demonstrated that AM is widely distributed in the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems, but not in the heart, kidney, or blood vessels, although high levels of AM mRNA were detected in the latter tissues. In this study, we further investigated the distribution of AM by using two newly developed monoclonal antibodies against synthetic human AM peptides, [12–25] and [46–52]. AM immunoreactivity was observed in cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and renal distal and collecting tubules. In addition, AM-immunoreactive (IR) cells were found in mucosal and glandular epithelia of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems, as well as the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems. These findings indicate that AM-IR cells are more widely distributed in human tissues and suggest that AM might play multiple biological roles in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical identification of adrenomedullin in human, rat, and porcine tissue (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 103 (1995), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The histological localization was investigated of adrenomedullin (AM), a novel vasorelaxant peptide originally isolated from human pheochromocytoma. The immunohistological distribution was examined of AM in human, rat, and procine tissues using a polyclonal antibody to a fragment comprising C-terminal amino acids 40–52 of human adrenomedullin [AM(40–52)NH2]. Almost all of the human pheochromocytoma and normal adrenal medullary cells of all three species were immunostained and found to be intensely positive for AM. Furthermore, AM-immunoreactive cells were present in the pancreatic islets, gastrointestinal neuroendocrine system, anterior pituitary, and choroid plexus with some degree of interspecies heterogeneity. These findings indicate that AM-immunoreactive cells are widely distributed in the endocrine and neuroendocrine system, suggesting that AM plays some important role in the control of systemic and local circulation and also of humoral secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01457408
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