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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 77 (1993), S. 35-40 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Aktuelle Probleme und Resultate der Forschung über optisch-gepumpte gepulste Ferninfrarot (FIR)- resp. THz-Gaslaser werden erläutert. Diese betreffen sowohl die neuartigen “Distributed Feedback” (DFB) und “Helical Feedback” (HFB) FIR Gaslaser, als auch FIR Gaslaser, die gepumpt werden mit den 50 ns 10 μm Pulsen von Hybriden CO2 Lasern, welche mit neu entwickelten, Lasergesteuerten Plasmaschaltern innerhalb ca. 10 ps im Maximum abgeschnitten werden. Damit erzielt man Subnanosekunden-FIR Einzelpulse. Diese Laser zeigen interessante Phänomene, wie normale und verstärkte Superstrahlung oder antikorrelierte Fluktuationen der FIR Strahlung und 10 μm Pumpstrahlung im Raman-Emissionsstadium. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde festgestellt, daß FIR Laser-Gase, z. B. CH3F, NH3, D2O, CH3CN, erfolgreich als Spektralfilter in “Optical-Free-Induction-Decay” 10 μm CO2 Lasersystemen das übliche heiße CO2 Gas ersetzen können. Die einzelnen ultrakurzen FIR-Pulse werden zur Zeit zum Test neuer FIR resp. THz “Quantum-Well”-Detektoren und zur Untersuchung ihrer Einwirkung auf Hoch-T c -Supraleiter verwendet.
    Notes: Contents A short survey is presented on the recent development of optically pumped pulsed far-infrared (FIR) or THz gas lasers. This includes the new distributed-feedback (DFB) and helical-feedback (HFB) FIR gas lasers as well as the subnanosecond-single-pulse FIR gas lasers pumped by 50 ns 10 μm pulses of hybrid CO2 lasers truncated within ca. 10 ps at their maximum by a novel ultrafast laser-triggered plasma shutter. These lasers show interesting phenomena such as standard and swept-gain superradiance as well as anticorrelated oscillations of the far-infrared emission and the 10 μm pump radiation in the Raman regime. In this context it was discovered that FIR laser gases, e.g., CH3F, NH3, D2O, CH3CN, can be used successfully as spectral filters in “Optical-Free-Induction-Decay” 10 μm CO2 laser systems instead of the standard hot CO2 gas. Finally, the single ultrashort FIR pulses are presently applied to FIR or THz quantumwell detectors and to high-T c superconductors to gain further information on their exciting and complicated features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: TEA-CO2 laser ; Laser interaction with solids ; Laser-induced fission and fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A drastic enhancement of shock-waves and compression in insulators and metals produced by TEA-CO2-laser pulses is achieved if liquid inorganic and organic layers are spread over the surface. This effect is of interest for laser-induced nuclear fission and fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 329-341 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 42.70 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on the development of antenna-coupled thin-film nanometer Ni-NiO-Ni diodes which are used to detect 10.6 μm CO2-laser radiation. The Ni-NiO-Ni diodes have a minimum contact area of 0.056 μm2. This is smaller than those of any previously fabricated thin-film Metal-metalOxide-Metal (MOM) diodes. By measuring the second derivative of the dc current-voltage characteristics I(V), we demonstrate that the nonlinearity of the dc I(V) characteristics of our Ni-NiO-Ni diodes is larger than that of the dc I(V) characteristics of thin-film MOM diodes fabricated before by other authors. It is comparable to the nonlinearity of the dc I(V) characteristics of point-contact MOM diodes. Furthermore, we show that the polarisation-dependent infrared response of the Ni-NiO-Ni diodes is due to antenna coupling and that the polarisation-independent response is mainly of thermal origin. Consequently, the heating of the Ni-NiO-Ni diodes is due to the absorption of the incident CO2-laser radiation in the SiO2, and dissipation of the laser-induced ac antenna currents in the antenna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3317-3320 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The response times of nonresonant p-Ge detectors and of resonant photon-drag detectors made from AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs multiquantum well systems are measured with intense 300-ps optical pulses of 10-μm wavelength generated with the aid of an improved laser system based on optical free induction decay. A response time limited by the oscilloscope-amplifier bandwidth is reached with the quantum well systems. Their response time is shorter than that of a p-Ge photon-drag detector. The light-pulse traveling time limits the performance of the large p-Ge photon-drag detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The solar brightness temperature was measured at wavelengths between 208μ and 660μ with a lamellar-grating interferometer. In order to avoid terrestrial absorption due to water vapor the measurement of the absolute spectral brightness was performed at altitudes of 30 km and 35 km with a balloon borne gondola. A cylindrical black body radiation source served as absolute calibration standard. Its wall temperature lay between 1100 K and 1300 K. Since the box of the interferometer and the black body could not be evacuated for the calibration, the air in the system was replaced by dry nitrogen. Nevertheless, residual water vapor absorption lines hampered the precision of the absolute calibration. The corresponding error could not be reduced to less than ±100 K. The present experimental temperature profile is compared to results obtained from other measurements. The results agree with the empirical HSRA model and with those of other research groups in the spectral range between 208μ and 660μ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 23 (1972), S. 497-498 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 19 (1968), S. 530-530 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.62 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mixing experiments with 30 THz CO2-laser radiation as well as the detection of 35 ps 30 THz pulses of an optical-free-induction-decay CO2-laser system have been performed with the first nanometer thin-film Ni-NiO-Ni diodes with a minimum contact area of 0.012 µm2. Difference frequencies up to 85 MHz were detected by mixing two different CO2-laser beams coupled to the diode with an integrated bow-tie antenna. The dependence of the beat signal on bias voltage, laser power and polarization of the infrared laser radiation was determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (1968), S. 261-283 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les spectres d'absorption de rubis à différentes concentrations en Cr ont été étudiés aux températures de l'hélium et de l'azote liquide pour les longueurs d'onde de 50 μ à 1 mm. Aux températures de l'hélium liquide on a observé deux fortes absorptions à 37,7 et 106 cm−1 et des faibles absorptions à 18,8; 30,7; 33,2 et 43,0 cm−1. Ces raies qui dépendent de la concentration en Cr disparaissent à la température de l'azote liquide. Les deux raies intenses ont été également observées aux cristaux d'Al2O3 dopés au Ti ou V. Le saphir ne présente aucune de ces raies. L'origine des deux raies intenses des cristaux d'Al2O3 dopés au Ti, V ou Cr est discutée en considerant les transitions magnétiques de paires d'ions Cr3+ couplés par l'interaction d'échange, les transitions entre les niveaux du Ti3+ séparés par l'action du champ crystallin et les vibrations du réseau contenant des impuretés. Les absorptions faibles, au contraire, peuvent être attribuées aux transitions entre les niveau d'échange des seconds et quatrièmes paires d'ions Cr3+ en utilisant les données de la résonance paramagnétique et de la fluorescence. Pour les seconds paires, la théorie des groupes prédit les transitionsΔS=2. Pour les quatrièmes paires, par contre, il n'existe aucune restriction pourΔS.
    Abstract: Abstract The absorption spectra of ruby with various Cr concentrations have been studied in the wavelength region between 50 μ and 1 mm at liquid helium and nitrogen temperatures. At liquid helium temperatures two strong absorptions have been found at 37.7 and 106 cm−1 and weak absorptions at 18.8, 30.7, 33.2 and 43.0 cm−1. These lines depend on the Cr concentration and vanish at N2 temperatures. The two strong absorptions have also been observed in Al2O3 crystals doped with Ti or V. Sapphire did not show any of these absorptions. The origin of the two strong absorptions in Al2O3 crystals doped with Ti, V or Cr are discussed by consideration of magnetic dipole transitions of exchange coupled Cr3+ - pairs, the crystal field splitting of Ti3+ impurities and impurity — induced lattice modes. The weak absorption lines, on the other hand, may be assigned to transitions between the exchange levels of the second-nearest and fourth-nearest Cr3+ pairs if one makes use of the data obtained from the EPR and fluorescence spectra. For the second-nearest Cr3+ pairs group theory of the exchange interaction predicts transitions withΔS=2, whereas for the fourth-nearest neighbours no restriction forΔS exists.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Rubine verschiedener Konzentrationen von Cr-Ionen wurden im Wellenlängenbereich zwischen 50 μ und 1 mm bei den Temperaturen des flüssigen He und N2 spektroskopisch untersucht. Bei He-Temperaturen wurden bei 37,7 und 106 cm−1 starke, bei 18,8; 30,7; 33,2 und 43,0 cm−1 schwache Absorptionslinien beobachtet. Diese Linien verschwinden bei 77°K und sind von der Konzentration der Cr-Ionen im Al2O3 abhängig. Bei den dotierten Kristallen Al2O3: Ti und Al2O3: V treten ebenfalls beide starken Absorptionen auf, während die schwachen Linien verschwinden. In Saphir wurden keine Linien festgestellt. Die Herkunft der beiden starken Absorptionslinien wird diskutiert unter Berücksichtigung der Austauschresonanzen von Cr3+-Paaren, Übergängen zwischen Kristallfeldaufspaltungen von Ti-Verunreinigungen und defekt-induzierten Gitterschwingungen. Die schwachen Linien hingegen werden unter Berücksichtigung der Daten aus der paramagnetischen Resonanz und der Fluoreszenzspektroskopie Austauschresonanzen zweitnächster und viertnächster Nachbarn zugeordnet. Dabei benützt man die Resultate der Gruppentheorie der Austauschwechselwirkung, wonach für die zweitnächsten Nachbarn die AuswahlregelΔS=2 gilt und für die viertnächsten NachbarnΔS beliebig ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 4 (1965), S. 230-246 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On compare les différents formalismes de la résonance paramagnétique: Le spin-Hamiltonien, la matrice deKoster etStatz, les opérateurs tenseurs deGrant etStrandberg et ceux deHuang et al. Pour ce but la théorie des groupes du spin-Hamiltonien est perfectionnée. Pour des basses symétries des centres paramagnétiques, les ambiguités entre les spin-Hamiltoniens et les spectres existent aussi pour les autres formalismes. Nous préférons le formalisme du spin-Hamiltonien pour sa simplicité.
    Abstract: Abstract Several formalisms related to electron paramagnetic resonance are compared: The spin-Hamiltonian, the KS-matrix, tensor operators ofGrant andStrandberg and those ofHuang et al. For this purpose the group theory of the spin-Hamiltonian is extended. For low symmetries of the paramagnetic centers the ambiguities between the spin-Hamiltonians and the spectra also exist in the other formalisms. We prefer the spin-Hamiltonian for its simplicity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Formalismen der paramagnetischen Resonanz werden verglichen: Spin-Hamiltonoperator, KS-Matrix, Tensoroperatoren vonGrant undStrandberg sowie vonHuang et al. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Gruppentheorie des Spin-Hamiltonoperators ausgebaut. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei niederen Symmetrien den Vieldeutigkeiten der Kopplungstensoren im Spin-Hamiltonoperator entsprechende Vieldeutigkeiten der Parameter in den anderen Theorien gegenüberstehen. Der Spin-Hamiltonoperator erweist sich anschaulicher als die übrigen Formalismen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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