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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 110 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using roots from Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the recombinant calcium indicator aequorin, we show that NH3 uptake and alkalisation of plant cells act as a stimulus which induces transient elevations of the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c). The magnitudes of these [Ca2+]c elevations are dependent on the concentration of the membrane permeable form, NH3, and hence, particularly dependent on the pH in the external medium. EGTA and La3+ are able to significantly suppress the [Ca2+]c transients showing that Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane is likely to be involved. Verapamil and nifedipine had no inhibitory effects, which suggests that Ca2+ release from internal stores might not contribute significantly to the NH3-triggered [Ca2+]c response. Pre-incubation in l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine – an inhibitor of the glutamine synthetase – did not alter the NH3-induced [Ca2+]c responses at all. These results are consistent with previous studies where NH3-induced changes of cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH were investigated in maize roots. Furthermore, the similarity between the kinetics of NH3-driven cellular pH changes demonstrated in previous studies and the [Ca2+]c transients shown here suggests a direct relationship between [Ca2+]c and cellular alkalisation (cytoplasmic pH and/or vacuolar pH). However, the mechanism behind this possible causal relation remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; rbcS genes ; Leaf development ; Photoregulation ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rbcS1, 2 and 3 genes of Phaseolus vulgaris are identical in coding sequence and we have studied their expression using gene-specific probes derived from their 3′ non-coding regions. The genes differ in their relative levels of expression but show only minor qualitative differences in their regulation. Transcripts of the three genes are undetectable in primary leaves in the imbibed seed, accumulate early in leaf expansion reaching a maximum 7–10 d after sowing and decrease to low levels by the time expansion is complete. Both dark-grown and light-grown primary leaves exhibit this ontogenetic pattern of expression, although the light-grown leaves have two to three times more rbcS transcripts. Light can over-ride the ontogenetic control of rbcS expression; for example, when 7-d-old dark-grown primary leaves are illuminated there is a 6- to 12-fold increase in the transcript levels of the rbcS genes. Transfer of illuminated leaves to darkness results in the loss of transcripts of all three genes, but rbcS2 transcripts persist in the dark-adapted leaves. Possible physiological mechanisms of the ontogenetic regulation of expression are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Blue-light photoreceptor ; Gene expression (rbcS) ; Phaseolus ; Photoregulation ; Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The level of transcripts of genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcS genes) in the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. increases substantially when plants grown in a low fluence rate of white light (15 μmol m−2 s−1; 400–700 nm) are transferred to a tenfold higher fluence rate of identical spectral quality. To investigate which photoreceptor acts as the fluence-rate detector, plants grown for 16 d in low white light were transferred to blue-enriched or red light environments of various fluence rates. The results indicate that the fluence-rate-dependent increase in rbcS expression is mediated specifically by blue light. Red light of the same fluence rate, which was found to be equally effective in driving photosynthesis, had much less effect on expression, indicating that light absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments does not mediate the response. Moreover, there is no correlation of the transcript levels with either the cycling rate or photoequilibrium of the phytochrome system. Run-on assays with isolated nuclei indicate that blue light substantially increases the rate of rbcS transcription. Experiments with gene-specific probes show that individual members of the P. vulgaris rbcS gene family exhibit the fluence-rate-dependent, blue-light-mediated increase in expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The apoaequorin-coding region from complementary DNA clone pAEQl (ref. 7) was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CMV) 35S promoter8 and transferred to Nicotiana plum-baginifolia using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens pBIN19 binary vector system9 to provide constitutive expression (Fig. la). ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Free calcium ions stimulate a huge variety of processes inside the cell, eliciting specific responses that depend on their spatio-temporal concentrations. Here we investigate how these changes in calcium concentration are triggered in the cytosol and nucleus of plant cells, and find that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Active oxygen species (AOS) generated in response to stimuli and during development can function as signalling molecules in eukaryotes, leading to specific downstream responses. In plants these include such diverse processes as coping with stress (for example pathogen attack, wounding and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; photoregulation ; rbcS genes ; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) in the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. is encoded by a small gene family consisting of a minimum of three members. Three small subunit genes (rbcS genes) represented in a light-grown primary leaf cDNA library were characterised by sequencing two cDNAs which were full-length and one which was deficient in part of the sequence encoding the transit peptide. The cDNA clones are identical in their coding sequences, for both the transit peptide and the mature polypeptide, but divergent in their untranslated sequences. The derived amino acid sequence is very similar to that reported for other species, although the first amino acid of the mature polypeptide is isoleucine, which differs from the methionine found in all other higher plant rbcS genes. Surprisingly, one of the cDNA clones contains two introns, which are at positions conserved in rbcS genes from other species. It is concluded that this cDNA resulted from the cloning of an unprocessed transcript. Alternative polyadenylation sites are found for two of the genes. Expression of the rbcS genes in the primary leaves is stimulated by light, although transcripts can readily be detected in dark-grown leaves. Expression is also organ-specific, as in other species. The frequency of cDNA clones in the library indicates that the different genes show quantitative differences in expression and S1 nuclease analysis suggests that individual rbcS genes are photoregulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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