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  • 1
    ISSN: 0165-0327
    Keywords: Blood analysis ; Estradiol ; Polactin ; Postpartum blues ; Progesterone
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 34 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of organosilicone surfactants on the physico-chemical properties of spray solutions, and on foliar uptake and field performance of agrochemicals are reviewed. Aqueous solutions of organosilicone surfactants frequently have lower equilibrium surface tensions (down to 20 mN m−1) than conventional surfactants. Dynamic surface tension of silicone surfactants, however, is not consistently lower than that of conventional surfactants. On leaf surfaces of many plant species spray droplets containing organosilicone surfactants spread completely. Organosilicone surfactants are ineffective in lowering surface tension when mixed with most conventional surfactants. However, poly-alkylene oxide surfactants do not interfere with surface tension lowering by organosilicone surfactants. Some organosilicone surfactants degrade rapidly in acidic or alkaline spray solutions and degradation adversely affects performance. Generally, organosilicone surfactants increase foliar uptake and field performance of agrochemicals more rapidly, but final uptake is not consistently different from conventional surfactants. Frequently, mass flow of the spray solution through open stomata accounts for rapid enhancement of uptake and performance. The studies reviewed suggested that some organosilicone surfactants may offer advantages over conventional surfactants, but require some precautions if their full potential is to be utilized. Revue: les tensio-actifs de type organosilicone dans la pulvérisation phytosanitaire Les effets des tensio-actifs de type organosilicone sur les propriétés physicochimiques des bouilles de pulvérisation, ainsi que sur la pénétration foliaire et l'efficacité au champ des produits phytosanitaires, sont examinés. Les solutions aqueuses de tensio-actifs organosilicones ont souvent des tensions superficielles à l'équilibre plus basses (20 nN m−1) que celles des tensio-actifs conventionnels. Ce n'est cependant pas toujours le cas de leur tension superficielle dynamique. Sur la surface foliaire de beaucoup d'espèces végétales, les gouttelettes contenant des organosilicones s'étalent complètement. Les tensio-actifs organosilicones perdent leur faculité de baisser la tension superficielle lorsqu'ils sont mélangés à la plupart des tensio-actifs conventionnels. Cette restriction ne concerne pas les tensio-actifs de type polyalkylène oxyde. Certains tensio-actifs organosilicones se dégradent rapidement si la bouillie est acide ou alcaline, ce qui affecte leur efficacité. En général, ils accélèrent la pénétration foliaire et l'efficacité au champ des produits phytosanitaires mais la pénétration finale n'est pas différente de celle quiest obtenue avec des adjuvants conventionnels. Souvent, la pénétration de la bouillie par l'ouverture stomatique rend compte de l'augmentation de pénétration et d'efficacité. Certains surfactants organosilicones pourraient offrir des avantages par rapport aux tensio-actifs conventionnels mais qu'ils demandent certaines précautions pour que leur potentiel soit pleinement exprimé. Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Silikon-Tensiden in Formulierungen und Spritzlösungen Es wird ein überblick über den Einfluß von Silikon-Tensiden auf die physikochemischen Eigenschaften von Spritzbrühen, die Blattaufnahme und die Wirkung von Agrarchemikalien gegeben. Wäßrige Lösungen von Silikon-Tensiden haben oft eine niedrigere Gleichgewichtsoberflächenspannung (20 mN m−1) als solche herkömmlicher Tenside. Die dynamische Oberflächenspannung ist mit Silikon-Tensiden jedoch nicht immer niedriger als mit herkömmlichen. Auf den Blattflächen vieler Pflanzenarten spreizen Spritztröpfchen von Lösungen mit Silikon-Tensiden vollständig. Werden Silikon-Tenside mit herkömmlichen Tensiden gemischt, so sind die Lösungen weniger oberflächenaktiv als die reiner Silikon-Tenside. Lediglich in Mischungen mit Polyalkylenoxid-Tensiden bleibt die niedrige Oberflächenspannung der Silikon-Tenside erhalten. Einige Silikon-Tenside zerfallen in saurer oder basischer Spritzbrühe schnell, wodurch ihre Wirkung beeinträchtigt wird. Der Zusatz von Silikon-Tensiden beschleunigt zwar allgemein die Blattaufnahme und Wirkung von Agrarchemikalien, doch unterscheidet sich die insgesamt aufgenommene Dosis oft nicht von der mit herkömmlichen Tensiden. Die schnellere Aufnahme und Wirkung ist in vielen Fällen auf das Eindringen der Spritzbrühe durch offene Stomata ins Blattgewebe zurückzuführen. Silikon-Tenside können gegenüber herkömmlichen Tensiden in einigen Situationen Vorteile bieten, wenn ihre spezifischen Eigenschaften beim Einsatz berücksichtigt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Scientia Horticulturae 46 (1991), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0304-4238
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; ethylene ; growth ; surfactants
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Crop Protection 11 (1992), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 0261-2194
    Keywords: Gibberellin A"3 ; Prunus cerasus ; foliar absorption ; light ; pH ; temperature
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Crop Protection 11 (1992), S. 51-56 
    ISSN: 0261-2194
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Brassica oleracea ; Hordeum vulgare ; Triticum aestivum ; Vicia faba ; Zea mays ; ethylene production ; phytotoxicity ; surfactants ; tissue damage
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Crop Protection 13 (1994), S. 163-178 
    ISSN: 0261-2194
    Keywords: canopy penetration ; efficacy ; impaction ; retention ; spray application ; uptake
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of women's mental health 1 (1998), S. 45-47 
    ISSN: 1435-1102
    Keywords: Keywords: Postpartum psychoses; cycloid psychoses; cerebral computered tomography; ventricular abnormalities.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ventricular and cisternal CSF spaces were quantified in 14 women 12 of whom had cycloid psychoses with postpartum onset. When compared to age-matched female patients with cycloid psychoses or bipolar affective disorders outside the puerperium and neurological controls left ventricular area, planimetric VBR, and superior cerebellar cistern volume were significantly larger in the postpartum psychosis group. This finding could reflect an unspecific brain structural vulnerability marker in some patients with psychoses of the puerperium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. M269 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Testicular cancer ; Chemotherapy ; Cisplatin resistance ; Paclitaxel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Paclitaxel represents a novel antitumour agent with demonstrated activity in cisplatin-sensitive tumours, particularly ovarian cancer. In addition, responses to pacliaxel have been observed in patients with cisplatin-refractory ovarian cancer. The role of paclitaxel in the treatment of testicular cancer has not been explored so far. Despite the generally high cure rates in patients with metastatic testicular cancer, patients with relapsed disease not responding to platin-based salvage chemotherapy have an extremely poor prognosis. In a phase I/II trial 10 patients with relapsed, cisplatin-refractory malignant germ-cell tumours were treated with paclitaxes as 6-h infusions (8 patients) or 3-h infusions (2 patients) at doses from 135 mg/m2 to 310 mg/m2 at 3-week intervals. Three patients achieved a response to paclitaxel, but disease recurred shortly in two patients after two and four cycles of therapy, respectively. One patient has remained in marker-negative partial reponse for more than 5 months. The toxicity of paclitaxel was tolerable for a dose range from 135 mg/m2 to 225 mg/m2. Granulocytopenia, WHO grades 3 and 4, occurred in all patients but was of short duration (median 3 days; range: 2–7 days). Other toxicities such as mucositis (5 patients grade 1), neurotoxicity (1 patient grade 1, 1 patients grade 2), infection (1 patient grade 3) and diarrhoea (1 patient grade 2) were not dose-limiting. There were no hypersensitivity reactions, but 1 patient developed severe myalgias during therapy with paclitaxel. Six patients with documented cisplatin-refractory disease were retreated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy after paclitaxel treatment and, in 4 of these, tumour responses of 3, 4, 5 and more than 5 months duration were achieved. In order to explore the role of paclitaxel in relapsed and/or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer a phase II study using a 3-h infusion of 225 mg/m2 paclitaxel every 3 weeks, conducted by the German Testicular Cancer Study Group, is ongoing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 10-14 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wochenbett ; Laktation ; Stillen ; Psychopharmaka ; Key words Puerperium ; Lactation ; Breast-feeding ; Psychotropic drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Whilst the incidence of psychiatric disorders decreases during pregnancy, the risk during the postpartum period increases significantly, often leading to the necessity of psychopharmacological intervention during the puerperium, and subsequently during lactation and breast-feeding. The necessity for lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive women after childbirth has been identified, and it is recommended that weaning rather than omission of psychopharmacological treatment is preferable during the puerperium.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während die Inzidenz für die meisten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen während der Schwangerschaft sinkt, steigt sie unmittelbar postpartal um ein Vielfaches an. Daraus kann sich die Notwendigkeit einer Therapie mit Psychopharmaka im Wochenbett und/oder während der Laktation bzw. des Stillens ergeben. Es wird insbesondere auch auf das evtl. Erfordernis einer Lithiumprophylaxe bei Wöchnerinnen mit einer manisch-depressiven Erkrankung hingewiesen und die Empfehlung ausgesprochen, bei einer psychiatrischen Therapie im Wochenbett eher abzustillen als auf Psychopharmaka zu verzichten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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