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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1985), S. 823-830 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The velocity filter system consists of an electrode array (n electrodes), a set of analog delay circuits and a linear adder. When properly adjusted, the delays shift the recording signals of each electrode channel such that spikes of the same propagation direction and velocity are enhanced up ton-fold over the remaining signals. The influence of electrode parameters on the system's performance is investigated experimentally, and key design considerations are given. A working model (n=4) is described featuring a new type of en passant extracellular electrode array with low noise and good reproducibility. Recordings on the thoracal connectives of the stick insectAcrophylla wulfingii are presented demonstrating the expected performance of the system. A velocity resolution ofΔV/V=15% was achieved. An experimental example of the automatic decomposition of overlapping spike complexes is presented. The system is capable to work on line in real time without the need of templates and computers. Once adjusted, the system can select spikes of specified conduction velocities from overlapping complexes continuously in real time without intervention of an operator, and thus decompose overlapping complexes automatically. Already in the present state of development, applications in invertebrate and vertebrate electrophysiology are possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 141 (1981), S. 283-296 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A closed sound field system for independent stimulation of both cricket hearing organs is described. The system was used to measure acoustic parameters of the peripheral auditory system inGryllus campestris and to analyze inhibitory responses of the omega cell, a segmental auditory interneuron in the prothoracic ganglion. 1. Best sound transmission in the tracheal pathway occurs at 5 kHz. Closing of the prothoracic spiracles results in increased sound transmission but does not influence the frequency of best transmission in most animals (Fig. 6 B). Sound transmission is modulated by abdominal contractions associated with the respiratory cycle (Fig. 7). 2. AttenuationΔ and phase shift ϕ in the tracheal pathway have been determined for the frequency range of 2 to 10 kHz in animals with closed spiracles.Δ shows a minimum at 5 kHz and ϕ increases almost linearly with frequency (Fig. 11). 3. Sound components acting on each side of the large tympanal membrane form a resultant sound pressure based on linear superposition. This resultant sound pressure represents the effective stimulus of the auditory sense organ (Fig. 12). 4. The response of the omega cell is dependent upon both intensity and relative phase of sound signals applied to the tympanal membranes (Fig. 10). 5. At 5 kHz, the response of the omega cell decreases linearly with increasing contralateral (inhibitory) stimulus intensity over a wide range of intensities. The latency between stimulus onset and response is nearly independent of contralateral inhibition (Figs. 15 and 16). 6. Response (spike number) differences between an omega cell and its complementary mirror image cell due to different stimulus intensities at both ears are enhanced by the neuronal mechanism of contralateral inhibition. In one animal the gain in spike number difference at 5 kHz was calculated to be 60% relative to the response difference when contralateral inhibition was disabled. 7. Evidence for a low frequency (f≦2 kHz) ipsilateral inhibition of the omega cell is presented (Fig. 17).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 136 (1980), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A miniature angle measuring system is described which uses 0.4 mg sense coils in a three-dimensional high-frequency magnetic field. Rotations of the sense-coil-winding axis can be recorded using three phase-sensitive rectifier/filters (lock-in-principle). Principles of operation and simplified evaluation methods are described in detail. The measuring system is applied to the analysis of wing movements in a stridulating cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer). The results show that in both the calling and the courtship song the tooth impact frequency is equal to the frequency of the acoustically produced sound. This excludes the possibility that the high frequency of courtship song is produced via excitation of a resonator by a higher harmonic component of the tooth impact frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1988), S. 213-223 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Details in the stridulatory movement ofGryllus campestris were investigated using an improved high resolution miniature angle measurement system. The following results were obtained: During the closing (sound producing) stroke, the speed of the plectrum always has the same value (within measuring accuracy) at a given position. Plectrum speed is directly proportional to tooth spacing, which is known to vary along the file. The only exception to this rule were occasions when closing velocities of precisely 2 times the standard value were found. In between values were never recorded. While temperature has a large effect on the opening speed and duration, the closing speed has a very smallQ 10 (0.07) which is equal to theQ 10 of the resonance frequency of the harp. When the harps are removed, the proportionality between tooth spacing and scraper velocity is lost; the velocity is much increased (up to 3-fold) and the variance of the speed is enhanced 5-fold. These results are discussed with respect to 3 hypothetical models explaining the function of the sound generator system. The model describing the cricket sound generator as a clockwork with an escapement system is capable of accommodating all experimental data without any extra assumptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: antagonist ; codlemone ; field electroantennogram recording ; inhibitor ; mating disruption ; pome fruit orchard ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mating disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, was studied in apple orchards treated with the main pheromone compound codlemone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol, and a blend of codlemone and codlemone acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, a strong pheromone antagonist. Codlemone alone and the pheromone/antagonist-blend had a similar effect on the behavior of males emerging into air-permeated orchards. Male flights within tree canopy and upwind orientation along tree rows were strongly enhanced by both formulations, compared to untreated plots. However, the codlemone/codlemone acetate-blend increased the rate of cross-wind and downwind flights within the orchard, compared to codlemone alone. The major difference between these two formulations was that males from nearby, untreated orchards were attracted towards orchards treated with codlemone, but not towards treatments with codlemone/codlemone acetate. Additional tests were done with an equilibrium blend of codlemone and its geometric isomers. Aerial pheromone concentrations in the orchards were recorded by the field electroantennogram technique. Decreasing pheromone concentrations towards the upper part of the tree canopy, together with the stimulation of male flight activity by synthetic pheromone explains failures to control codling moth at high population densities with current dispenser formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: EAG ; Cydia pomonella ; mating disruption ; pheromone concentration ; edge effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone concentrations were measured in an apple orchard using an advanced EAG device featuring short-term recalibration of the antenna with two calibration standards, a lightweight remotely operated probe and automated measurement cycles. The effects of wind direction on pheromone density and distribution at the edge of the orchard were studied as well as the change of pheromone density with height from 1 to 6.5 m. Results show that pheromone can be found at heights of up to 6 m when moderate winds are present. Very low wind speeds tend to reduce the height of the pheromone cloud. Clean wind entering the orchard creates a transition zone up to 15 m wide where the pheromone is depleted. At the down-wind edge of the orchard, pheromone signals were recorded at distances of up to 60 m downwind from the treated zone at concentrations in the same order of magnitude as within the treated orchards. The consequences of these results concerning the design and interpretation of mating disruption field tests are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 149 (1982), S. 31-42 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Food stimuli have been shown previously to elicit inAplysia an arousal state characterized by an increased tendency to bite and an increased strength of bitting. These overt behavioral changes have also been correlated with an increase in heart rate. 2. In the present study, we show that systemic blood pressure increases two-fold during food arousal. Blood flow through the artery that supplies the head is also increased about two-fold. Pressure and flow both increase within 1–2 min of food presentation, and both decay back to their baseline values within about five minutes after removal of the food stimulus. 3. Unlike the increase in heart rate during food arousal, the increases in blood pressure and blood flow are independent of the degree of satiation of the animal. 4. The increase in blood pressure during food arousal is neurally mediated. 5. During rhythmic biting, the vascular resistance of the abdominal and anterior aortae vary in an alternating pattern that is phase-locked to the biting cycle. This pattern of resistance changes is such that blood flow to digestive organs is maximal during the retraction phase of biting, whereas flow to the head is maximal during the protraction phase. 6. The increase in resistance of the abdominal aorta during protraction is mediated by neuronal input to vasoconstrictor muscle. 7. Strongly reducing blood flow to the head for even a few minutes significantly impairs the efficiency of biting movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of the Macrolide Antibiotic (-)-A2677IB Using Photolactonization as a Key Reaction and Computer Simulation as an Effective Aid in OptimizationThe title compound has been synthesized in a sequence of 21 steps starting from phenol. The cyclic skeleton has been built up in the earlier part of the synthesis by photolactonization. This reaction supplies C(6), with a functionality, not present in the target structure, but useful for oxygenation at C(4) and generation of the stereogenic center C(5). The Barton/McCombie reaction provides a product deoxygenated at C(6), but only after an adjacent oxirane ring has been opened at the cost of an increase in the number of overall steps. X-Ray structural information and computational modelling of appropriate molecules proved to be essential to selection of optimal conditions for various transformations.
    Additional Material: 37 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 937-944 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Atomic multipole moments, calculated from ab initio wave functions, offer an attractive way toward an improvement of the description of electrostatic interactions in force-field programs. Accordingly, we have implemented the formulas for calculation of energies, forces, and torques resulting from the interactions of multipoles up to quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in our force-field program MOMO. The method was successfully applied to various problems, including conformational analysis, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La réinsertion professionnelle a gagné en importance pendant ces dernières années, bien que l'analyse de la littérature indique que ce thème a fait l'objet de peu de recherches, particulièrement dans les pays de langue allemande. Cette enquête porte sur les problèmes d'intégration professionnelle et les changements professionnels suite à un cancer. A partir d'un questionnaire, nous avons posé des questions à 380 anciens patients d'une clinique universitaire présentant différents types de cancer; les questions portaient sur leur traitement, leur réhabilitation médicale, les préjudices physiques et professionnels, leur estimation concernant le succès de leur réinsertion, leurs problèmes actuels au niveau du travail et les changements professionnels. Les résultats montrent que plus d'un tiers des patients avaient repris leur travail, souvent en réduisant les heures ou en changeant de poste. Ce sont avant tout des patients plus âgés avec des pronostics peu favorables qui bénéficient d'une assurance invalidité. Les programmes spécifiques de réhabilitation professionnelle ne jouèrent aucun rôle contrairement aux programmes de réhabilitation médicale touchant des patients ayant des diagnostics très différents. La réintégration professionnelle est avant tout déterminée par l'âge, la localisation cancéreuse, le pronostic et l'activité professionnelle avant le début de la maladie. Les résultats sont traités en tenant compte des problèmes spécifiques à la réintégration psycho-sociale des cancéreux.
    Abstract: Summary The importance of vocational integration has increased during the last years, whereas an analysis of the literature shows, that research in this field has been neglected especially in german speaking countries. This study investigates the situation and the problems of vocational integration after cancer. 380 former patients with different diagnoses treated in a university medical center have been asked by a self developed questionnaire for their experiences in treatment and medical rehabilitation, their actual impairment in physical and vocational functioning, their estimation of rehabilitation success, their actual employment problems and the changes of job conditions due to cancer. As the results show, more than one third of the sample returned to work often reducing working time or changing their job. Especially older patients with worse prognoses have been retired early. Special programs of vocational rehabilitation are not used by patients we examined, whereas programs of medical rehabilitation are used showing great differences between diagnostic groups. The return to work is influenced by age, tumor localisation, prognosis and the former status in job. The results are discussed with regard to the problems of psychosocial rehabilitation of cancer patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren gewinnt die Frage der beruflichen Integration nach einer Tumorerkrankung immer mehr an Bedeutung, wenngleich die Literatur-analyse zeigt, dass der Themenbereich in der Forschung vor allem in deutschsprachigen Ländern vernachlässigt wurde. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Frage der beruflichen Integration und Veränderung der beruflichen Situation infolge der Tumorerkrankung untersucht. Mit einem selbst entwickelten Fragebogen wurden 380 ehemalige Patienten einer Universitätsklinik mit unterschiedlichen Tumordiagnosen zu ihrer Behandlung und medizinischen Rehabilitation, zu ihren momentanen körperlichen und beruflichen Beeinträchtigungen, ihrer Beurteilung des bisherigen Rehabilitationserfolgs, ihren derzeitigen beruflichen Problemen und zu den beruflichen Veränderungen infolge der Tumorerkrankung befragt. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, kehrte mehr als ein Drittel in den Beruf zurück, wobei oft die Arbeitszeit reduziert oder der Arbeitsplatz gewechselt wurde. Vor allem ältere Patienten mit schlechterer Prognose wurden frühberentet. Spezifische Massnahmen der beruflichen Rehabilitation spielten keine Rolle, wohingegen Massnahmen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation mit grossen diagnosegruppenspezifischen Unterschieden wahrgenommen wurden. Die Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz wird insbesondere durch das Alter, die Tumordiagnose, die Prognose und die Art der beruflichen Tätigkeit bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der speziellen Probleme psychosozialer Rehabilitation bei Krebskranken diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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