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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late labelled regions in relation to Q- and C-bands in chromosomes of Lilium longiflorum and L. pardalinum (1980)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 76 (1980), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Root tips were pulse-labelled with tritiated thymidine. Late-labelled regions were mapped by quantitative autoradiography of metaphase chromosomes collected 11 h after the pulse for longiflorum (mean G2=14 h), and 13 h for pardalinum (mean G2=18 h). Late label in both species was preferentially located in sub-distal regions of the longer chromosome arms. Minimal labelling occurred in centromeric areas. — Some brightly Q-banded regions were late labelled, and some dull areas were not. However, late patterns were considerably more localised than bright Q-bands, and late regions were closely similar between species whereas Q-band patterns are not. Therefore bright Q-bands are apparently not consistently late replicating in Lilium, as they are in mammals, and they may therefore represent a different category of chromosomal substructure. — Centromeric C-bands and those at most nucleolar organisers were not late labelled. Only the more distal intercalary C-bands replicated late, and they were not significantly later than the chromatin surrounding them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293414
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oncogene impact on haemopoietic cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (1989), S. 178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0922-3371(89)90540-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The zygotic mutant tailless affects the anterior and posterior ectodermal regions of the Drosophila embryo
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 113 (1986), S. 64-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(86)90108-9
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular responses to chitosan in vitro: The importance of deacetylation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 773-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Chitin and chitosan (a deacetylated derivative of chitin) have been proposed for biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility and abundance in nature. We have investigated the effect of the percentage of deacetylation (%DD) of chitosan on biocompatibility from two sources, shrimp and cuttle fish, with two cell lines, L929 and BHK21(C13). The difference in %DD for each source was approximately 10% in the range of 76–90%. Biocompatibility was investigated for: (1) cell adherence and growth on the chitosan samples as substrate; (2) the effect of extract media on 2d and 7d growth; and (3) the presence of an inhibition zone. The results were similar for both cell lines. The chitosan samples were air-dried on to tissue culture-grade petri dishes to provide a substrate for the adherent-cell cultures. The higher %DD substrates from each source supported attachment of the cells, while the lower %DD did not. Cells cultured in medium conditioned by each substrate (i.e. extract medium) displayed an initial difference in growth which was abrogated in cultures incubated for 7 days. No inhibition zone was apparent. However, after 7 days, some cells were noted migrating on to the low %DD substrate disks. The morphology of these cells was changed with the presence of pseudopodia being apparent. Thus, especially with regard to attachment the %DD has a very important effect on the biocompatibility of the chitosan and should be monitored carefully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008997311364
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Q-bands in Lilium and their relationship to C-banded heterochromatin (1977)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 60 (1977), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In L. pardalinum, narrow bands of quinacrine fluorescence are distributed throughout the chromosomes. These vary in intensity from dull to bright, and their constant pattern allows all chromosomes to be recognized. Bright bands occur at some centromeres, and near all three nucleolar constrictions. In L. longiflorum, similar Q-bands occur along chromosomes, but they are less distinctive and their pattern does not closely match that of L. pardalinum. Also, L. longiflorum does not have bright regions at or near primary and secondary constrictions. Most Q-bands do not coincide with dark Giemsa C-bands, except for the bright nucleolar and centromeric regions in L. pardalinum. All C-banded heterochromatin stains identically after SSC pretreatment, dark with Giemsa and bright with quinacrine.— The many Q-bands of varying intensity, wide distribution and constant pattern, unrelated to C-bands, may be analogous to mammalian Q-bands. Such universality is expected if Q-bands area fundamental component of chromosome architecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA loss during C-banding of chromosomes of Lilium longiflorum (1978)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 68 (1978), S. 59-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Root tip chromosomes were uniformly labelled with 3H-thymidine and replicate squashes were made. One set was untreated, one incubated in Ba(OH)2 solution, and a further set treated sequentially in Ba(OH)2 and hot saline-citrate (2 × SSC) to reveal C-bands. All replicates were autoradiographed and comparative grain counts made. Differences in grain numbers per metaphase cell showed that Ba(OH)2 extracted 40% of label, and that a further 23% was lost in the subsequent SSC incubation. The distribution of grains was mapped along a sample of each of five individually-recognisable chromosomes at the three treatment stages. Within each chromosome, the number of grains per segment did not differ significantly from a random distribution. This was true for all five chromosomes at all three stages of treatment, whether or not the regions were C-banded. — We conclude that DNA extraction occurs progressively during C-banding in Lilium, but that C-bands are not dark because of their relatively high retention of DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330372
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICP27 immediate early gene, glycoprotein K (gK) and DNA helicase homologues of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus 1) SA-2 strain (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 623-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 4.8 kilobase segment located at the left-terminal in the unique long (UL) region of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) SA-2 strain contained three open reading frames (ORFs). The first of 421 amino acids (aa) was located at map units 0.065 to 0.07, and its predicted 48 kiloDaltons (kDa) protein product has significant homology to the immediate early regulatory protein ICP27 (UL54) of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ORF4 and to equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) ORF5. The zinc finger conserved in the C-terminal of the proteins from HSV-1, VZV and EHV-1, is poorly conserved in ILTV homologue. The second ORF of 336 aa, located at map units 0.075 to 0.08, has a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 38 kDa with significant homology to glycoprotein K (gK) of HSV-1 (UL53), ORF5 of VZV and ORF6 of EHV-1. ILTV gK has features characteristic of a membrane-bound glycoprotein. The 3′ region of a third ORF was located at map units 0.08 to 0.095. Translation of the sequence revealed significant homology to the 3′-region of the DNA helicase-primase complex protein (UL52) of HSV-1, ORF6 of VZV and ORF 7 of EHV-1. Northern blot analyses were used to characterize the ILTV ICP27, gK and DNA helicase mRNAs. The data revealed that ILTV ICP27 is an immediate early gene that encodes a 1.6 kb mRNA, ILTV gK encodes a late transcript of 1.8 kb, while ILTV DNA helicase encodes a late transcript of 3.7 kb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309954
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence analysis of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus gene corresponding to the US3 of HSV-1 and a unique gene encoding a 67 kDa protein (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The DNA sequence of 4005 nucleotides from the Kpnl O and part of Kpnl K fragments in the short unique region of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) was determined. The sequence contained two complete and one partial open reading frames (ORFs). The partial ORF was open at the 5′ end of the sequence and represented the NH2-terminal 118 amino acids (aa) of a polypeptide. Its partial predicted protein product exhibited significant homology to the US2 gene product of HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) and its homologs in other herpesviruses. ORF 2 is 471 aa long and could encode a protein of 53.8 kDa which shared aa homology with the protein kinases encoded by HSV-1 US3 and its gene homologs. Analysis of the ORF 2 aa sequence revealed domains characteristic of protein-serine/threonine (S/T) kinases of cellular and viral origin. The ORF 3 encoded a predicted protein of 601 aa (Mr 67.5 kDa) which exhibited limited homology (18% overall identity) with the UL47 protein (major tegument protein) of HSV-1. Northern (RNA) blot hybridization and metabolic inhibitors were used to characterize the ILTV protein kinase and the 67K mRNAs. The data revealed that protein kinase is a gamma-1 gene encoding a 1.6 kb mRNa, while the 67K ORF is a gamma-2 gene encoding a 2 kb mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309721
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the left-terminus of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus 1) SA-2 strain (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 1903-1910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The nucleotide sequence of 10.6 kilobase pairs (kbp) at the left-terminus of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) SA-2 vaccine strain was determined. Several features were elucidated, including, 102 base pair (bp) inverted repeats separated by 750 bp of unique sequence which contains an NF-1 binding site indicating that the terminal may be a site for an origin of replication. Other direct repeats were also found in this region. To the right of the inverted repeat region, a 2130 bp region was found to contain small open reading frames (ORFs) of less than 100 aa. Another potential ORF was found to the right of the region containing the small ORFs which consisted of two 184 bp direct repeats inserted into the reading frame, which would truncate the putative product. Only one copy of this repeat was found in the corresponding homologue of the wild type strain SA-0. Six other ORFs were found, which shared little or no identity to homologues of other alphaherpesviruses, suggesting that these putative genes are unique to ILTV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infectious laryngotracheitis virus growth, DNA replication, and protein synthesis (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 123 (1992), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The polypeptides associated with infection of primary chicken kidney (CK) cells with infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were examined by metabolic labelling with [35S]methionine and SDS-PAGE. Polypeptide synthesis was followed over the first 24 h post-infection (p.i.) as this was shown to be the period of viable virus production. A total of 16 ILTV encoded or induced polypeptides were identified using metabolic labelling. The use of inhibitors of protein and DNA synthesis in conjunction with metabolic labelling and viral DNA replication studies enabled a cascade pattern of gene expression, similar to that of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), to be established for ILTV. Representatives of alpha, beta, gamma 1 and gamma 2 classes of genes were identified. In contrast to infection with HSV types 1 and 2, which leads to a rapid inhibition of total host cell polypeptide synthesis, ILTV infection of CK cells did not result in a complete inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, with only a small number of host cell polypeptides absent from infected cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317148
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