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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The exposure of healthy volunteers to 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane increases the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions (1999)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 485-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words 1 ; 1 ; 1-Trichloroethane ; Nasal mucosa ; Interleukins ; Prostaglandin E2 ; Mucociliary transport ; Ciliary beat frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Irritating effects of organic solvents have usually been measured by means of questionnaires. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of different methods of detecting subclinical irritating effects. Methods: Twelve healthy, non-smoking students were exposed to 200 ppm and to 20 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane in an exposure chamber, using a crossover design. The amounts of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in nasal secretions were measured. Mucociliary transport time was determined with the saccharine test. Ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelial cells was measured with video-interference contrast microscopy. Subjective symptoms were assessed by questionnaire. Results: Concentrations of ILs were significantly elevated after exposure to 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane (IL-1β 82.4 vs. 28.8 pg/ml (medians), P=0.003; IL-6 12.2 vs. 7.2 pg/ml, P=0.01; IL-8 549 vs. 424 pg/ml, P=0.007), whereas the other parameters remained unchanged. Conclusion: The interleukins measured proved to be sensitive indicators of irritating effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The German threshold limit (MAK value) of 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane does not prevent the subclinical inflammation of nasal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effects on the human EEG after an external exposure to 200 ppm methanol (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 74 (2000), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Methanol ; EEG ; Threshold limit value ; Color word stress test ; Exposure chamber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Even low concentrations of organic solvents may cause acute effects on the human central nervous system. The German MAK (threshold limit value) of methanol is 200 ppm. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute exposure to 200 ppm methanol causes adverse effects, measured by EEG, and moreover, whether it is possible to differentiate between sedative and excitatory effects with this method. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were exposed for 4 h to 200 ppm and to 20 ppm (control) in an exposure chamber in a cross-over design. The EEG was recorded before (reference) and at the end of each exposure with, the subject's eyes closed and opened and during a choice reaction test (color word stress test). Spectral power was calculated by fast Fourier transformation. Subjective symptoms and effects of blinding with 20 ppm methanol were assessed by questionnaires. Results: The study was a single-blind one. During subjects' exposure to 200 ppm, their scores for prenarcotic and irritating symptoms were not different from controls. In the closed-eye condition of subjects, the spectral power of the θ-band and of some electrodes of the δ-band was significantly less at the end of exposure to 200 ppm, than that of controls. In the open-eye condition and during the color word stress test no significant changes were found. Conclusion: The changes in the θ-band suggest a slight excitatory effect of 200 ppm methanol. The effect was weak, as scores of acute symptoms did not change. With respect to our results, it is not necessary for the MAK value to be decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200000191
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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