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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Burning Behaviour of Gas Generators with High Boron ContentDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 17 (1992), S. 161-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas generators with high boron content of interest for ducted rockets were prepared and characterized. The parameters tested were:-combustion residue-pressure exponent-flow and temperature of the ejected boron particles-mechanical properties.The results of the experments (optical bomb, high speed camera, two-color pyrometer, thermal analysis, tensile test) are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19920170403
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposal of Energetic Materials by Alkaline Pressure Hydrolysis and combined techniquesDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Due to the reduction of armament and especially due to the German reunification we are met by the objective of the disposal of energetic materials. Environmentally friendly disposal methods available for the different propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics are urgently needed. The main component of gun and rocket propellants is the energetic polymer nitrocellulose. One method to dispose nitrocellulose containing propellants is the combination of rapid chemical destruction by pressure hydrolysis and the biological degradation of the reaction mixture. The study describes the results of pressure hydrolysis of different gun and rocket propellants. Under alkaline conditions (propellant to NaOH ratio 2.3:1; reaction temperature 150 °C; pressure below 30 bar) biological degradable reaction products were formed. The main products in the liquid phase were simple mono- and dicarboxylic acids. Dependent on the reaction conditions 30-50 % of the nitrogen content of the propellants was transformed to nitrite and nitrate. The gaseous nitrogen containing products were N2 (16-46 %), N2O (2-23 %), NOx (0-5 %). Overall 40%-60% of the propellant nitrogen was transformed to gaseous products. In the solid residues a nitrogen content between 2 % and 9 % was found. The residues were mostly due to additives used in propellant manufacturing. In the case of nitrocellulose pressure hydrolysis below 30 bar and reaction temperature about 150 °C are sufficient.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220312
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suitability of Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Solvent for polar substancesDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As solvent supercritical carbon dioxide offers unique possibilities, like non-toxicity and therefore reduction of environmental pollution or access of low-temperature processing resulting in additional process safety. Therefore, knowledge to the influence of modifiers due to better solubility of polar substances is important for evaluating novel manufacturing techniques like the RESS- or GAS-process. Dynamic supercritical fluid extraction of PETN, nitroguanidine (NIGU) and RDX, respectively, with pure as well as with modified carbon dioxide indicated that all explosives except nitroguanidine were extracted though for RDX and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole the use of modifiers proved to be necessary. The results show the high capacity of modified supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent in RESS- and GAS-processes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Analysis of Ammonium Dinitramide DecompositionDedicated to Professor Dr Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 184-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The new energetic material ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2, has been investigated with regard to its thermal properties and decomposition behavior. Thermal decomposition of ADN is observed after complete melting at 91.5 °C. The main decomposition pathway is based on the formation of NH4NO3 and N2O followed by the thermal decomposition of NH4NO3 to N2O and H2O at higher temperatures. Side reactions forming NO2, NO, NH3, N2 and O2 are described and a mechanism for the acid-catalized decomposition of hydrogen dinitramide, dissociation product of ADN, is proposed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220317
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Rate Decomposition of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)Dedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 17 (1992), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: RDX products obtained at high heating rates are discussed. RDX was decomposed by combustion in pressurized bomb and by short laser pulse irradiation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19920170406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of Particles of Explosives with Supercritical FluidsDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The particle properties of components of explosives and propellants, i.e. the particle size, the particle size distribution and the particle shape, are very important. Especially with regard to insensitive explosives, the formation of crystals without spots, i.e. free of solvent inclusions, is aspired. New processes, taking advantage of the special characteristics of high-compressed respectively supercritical fluids, offer many possibilities to influence the properties of solid particles. For the RESS process (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions), the formation of particles results from the rapid expansion of a loaded supercritical fluid. The GAS process (Gas Anti-Solvent) uses a high-compressed fluid as anti-solvent to lower the solvent power of a common solvent and thus to recrystallize the solid. In this report, the different processes to form particles of explosives and propellants with supercritical fluids are explained, and the first results are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220313
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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