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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheologische Eigenschaften von wäßrigen nicht-ionischen Tensidlösungen in stationärer ScherströmungVortrag anläßlich der Sitzung des GVC-Fachausschusses „Rheologie“, 2./6. März 1998 in Aachen. (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 720-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710715
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheologische Eigenschaften von wäßrigen nicht-ionischen Tensidlösungen in oszillatorischer Scherströmung (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 1405-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330711213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of Emulsions of Explosive MeltsDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on his 65th Birthday (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 17 (1992), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the context of the waste disposal of explosives, generally the suitability of the processing method is of importance. When processing explosives, the choice method of treatment, after having melted out the explosive, is to emulsify the aqueous solution of the melt for the purpose of disposing the emulsified explosives by subsequent emulsions the first aim is to produce a multiple phase system consisting of two components that are practically immiscible. For this purpose, emulsifying machines that work according to the rotational-stationary principle are used. Colloid millsm, for instance, employ the viscous tensions in the laminar flow field to disrupt the droplets. Gear-ring dispersing machines, on teh other hand, will cause a disruption oif the droplets by turbulent eddies. In this work the emulsifying equipment along with the mechanisms of drop deformation with subsequent disruption will be trated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19920170414
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of Particles of Explosives with Supercritical FluidsDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The particle properties of components of explosives and propellants, i.e. the particle size, the particle size distribution and the particle shape, are very important. Especially with regard to insensitive explosives, the formation of crystals without spots, i.e. free of solvent inclusions, is aspired. New processes, taking advantage of the special characteristics of high-compressed respectively supercritical fluids, offer many possibilities to influence the properties of solid particles. For the RESS process (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions), the formation of particles results from the rapid expansion of a loaded supercritical fluid. The GAS process (Gas Anti-Solvent) uses a high-compressed fluid as anti-solvent to lower the solvent power of a common solvent and thus to recrystallize the solid. In this report, the different processes to form particles of explosives and propellants with supercritical fluids are explained, and the first results are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suitability of Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Solvent for polar substancesDedicated to Professor Dr. Hiltmar Schubert on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As solvent supercritical carbon dioxide offers unique possibilities, like non-toxicity and therefore reduction of environmental pollution or access of low-temperature processing resulting in additional process safety. Therefore, knowledge to the influence of modifiers due to better solubility of polar substances is important for evaluating novel manufacturing techniques like the RESS- or GAS-process. Dynamic supercritical fluid extraction of PETN, nitroguanidine (NIGU) and RDX, respectively, with pure as well as with modified carbon dioxide indicated that all explosives except nitroguanidine were extracted though for RDX and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole the use of modifiers proved to be necessary. The results show the high capacity of modified supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent in RESS- and GAS-processes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220315
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety investigations of trinitrotoluene/water emulsions (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 302-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the disposal of explosives, preparation of the dismantled material is necessary before subjecting it to a breakdown process. Knowledge of the material properties and determination of safety-related parameters are major prerequirements when designing a disposal facility and increasing handling safety. When TNT is treated using emulsion processing, a desensitization of the TNT melt via the aqueous phase is obtained, in addition to increasing the surface area of the TNT phase. During the entire process of TNT treatment, the system is exposed to a wide range of different stresses as a result of the mechanical energy applied. This study presents the results of an investigation on the sensitivity of pure TNT melts and TNT/water emulsions at different concentrations on exposure to the applied impact or shock energies. It is found that the impact sensitivity of a TNT/water emulsion is lower by a factor of 4 when the TNT concentration has been reduced from 50 wt % to 30 wt %. On exposure to stress from a detonation shock wave, a desensitization of the system due to the aqueous phase is also found, so that the safety of the TNT treatment process can be increased by using a TNT/water emulsion when applying mechanical breakdown methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19940190607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of Trinitrotoluene-Water Emulsions (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 20 (1995), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When disposing of trinitrotoluene (TNT), the TNT-melt must be pre-treated. One possibility is to emulsify the melt in water after the TNT has been dismantled from the explosive charge. Production of these emulsions can be accomplished using emulsifying machines based on the rotor-stator principle, e.g., ring gear dispersing machines or colloid mills. Droplet size reduction results from the normal and tangential stresses applied to the droplet as it is subjected to laminar or turbulent flow fields.Knowledge of the droplet size and droplet size distribution of the dispersed phase is important to determine the quality of an emulsion and the emulsification process. In this paper, results from the discontinuous production of TNT-water emulsions are presented. In addition, the use of laser diffraction spectrometry for analyzing TNT droplet size is described.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19950200507
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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