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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Cell wall carbohydrates ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carbohydrate composition was determined in isolated cell walls of meiospores of Allomyces arbuscula after incubation for 15 min (encysted meiospores: cysts), 150 min (germlings: cysts + rhizoids) and 24 h (cysts + rhizoids + hyphae). The principal constituent in all cell wall samples is chitin, accounting for about 75% of the recovered carbohydrates. In addition, cell walls of all stages examined contain polysaccharides which release galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, fucose, and rhamnose on acid hydrolysis. While different developmental stages show minor quantitative changes in chitin, the ratio of galactose to glucose decreases sharply during differentiation of ungerminated cysts into germlings with rhizoids and hyphae. The increase in glucose is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of xylose and/or fucose and of galactose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Development of meiospores ; Cell wall structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Development of haploid meiospores of Allomyces arbuscula into germling cells with rhizoids and hyphae was followed during incubation in complete growth medium. The surface structure of encysted meiospores, rhizoids and hyphae before and after extraction of amorphous materials with ethanolic KOH was studied by means of carbon-platinum replicas. After 2–3 min incubation in complete medium 10% of the meiospores were surrounded by a cell wall containing microfibrils embedded in a matrix. Structure of cell walls of encysted meiospores, rhizoids, and hyphae differ from one another by the location of amorphous materials and by the arrangement of chitin microfibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell Wall ; Wall Formation ; Lomasome ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural observations on encysting haploid zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula are presented with special reference to cell wall deposition. Multivesicular bodies are observed in the cytoplasm of zoospores 15 min after inoculation, lomasomes after 30 min and fine membrane profiles between the plasmalemma and the cyst wall are observed after 4 h indicating a possible system for secretion of cell wall components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 17 (1978), S. 797-799 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; Solanaceae ; pectolytic enzymes. ; pollen
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 62 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The morphological changes in thin-layer tissues of Nicotiana labacum L. cv. Samsun, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with 1 μ M each of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA), were studied during the first 8 days of culture with light and scanning electron microscopy. The first three days of culture arc characterized by enlargement of all cells and cell divisions starling in the cortical parenchyma cells adjacent to the medium. Between days 3 and 6, epidermal and/or subepidermal cells start to divide, resulting in division centers, which lead to flower bud formation. The hormones NAA and BA in different concentrations affect the formation and distribution of flower buds, bud morphology and callus formation. BA influences particularly bud formation and bud morphology, while NAA affects callus formation in particular. In addition, polarity may occur in the formation of both callus and flower buds, the degree of which depends upon the hormone concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 87 (1956), S. 365-384 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 77 (1967), S. 250-260 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Produktion des Narbensekrets von Petunia hybrida steht im Zusammenhang mit dem endoplasmatischen Reticulum. 2. Das Sekret liegt im Cytoplasma in Tropfenform vor und wird in dieser Form zum Plasmalemma transportiert. 3. Die Sekrettropfen werden unter Beteiligung der Plasmamembran in die Cellulosewand geschleust. 4. Im Intercellularsystem des Narbengewebes und der pectinreichen Wandlamelle der Epidermis findet eine Anreicherung der Sekrettropfen statt. 5. Die Sekrettropfen fließen nach dem Durchbrechen der Cuticula zu einem Film zusammen.
    Notes: Summary 1. The production of the stigmatic exudate of Petunia is related to the endoplasmic reticulum. 2. In the cytoplasm the exudate is present in the form of droplets and is transported in this form to the plasmalemma. 3. The plasmalemma acts in transporting the exudate-droplets into the cellulose wall. 4. There is an accumulation of exudate-droplets in the intercellular system of the stigmatic tissue and in the pectin-rich wall layer of the epidermis. 5. The exudate-droplets flow together to form a film after penetrating the cuticle of the epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callose ; Cellulose ; Nicotiana ; Pectin ; Pollen tube wall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tobacco pollen tubes grown in vitro and from pollinated tobacco styles were treated by chemical solvents to remove one or more of the following polysaccharides from the tube walls: pectin (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid); hemicellulose (alkali); callose (alkali; potassium hypochlorite); cellulose (cuprammonium); and all polysaccharides with exception of cellulose (H2O2/glacial acetic acid). Both the inner tube wall, which we had regarded as the secondary wall, and the plugs contained, in addition to callose, microfibrils of cellulose and “non-cellulosic” microfibrils that had “pectin-like” properties. When using the expressions callosic or callose layer and callose plugs in reference to pollen tubes, one should realize that they do not imply the exclusive presence of callose in the inner tube wall layer and its localized thickenings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 166 (1985), S. 287-299 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell wall (secondary), deposition ; Exocytosis ; Nicotiana (pollen tube, exocytosis) ; Plasmolysis ; Pollen tube ; Vesicle fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Exocytosis occurring during deposition of secondary wall material was studied by freeze-fracturing ultrarapidly frozen non-plasmolyzed and plasmolyzed tobacco pollen tubes. The secondary wall of tobacco pollen tubes shows a random orientation of microfibrils. This was observed directly on fractures through the tube wall and indirectly as imprints of microfibrils on fracture faces of the plasma membrane of non-plasmolyzed tubes. About half of the plasmatic fracture faces from non-plasmolyzed and plasmolyzed pollen tubes carried hexagonal arrays of intramembraneous particles in between randomly distributed particles. Deposition of secondary wall material was often accompanied by an undulated plasma membrane and the presence of membrane-bound vesicles in invaginations of the plasma membrane, between the plasma membrane and secondary wall and-especially in plasmolyzed tubes-within the secondary wall of tube flanks and wall cap. The findings are discussed in connection with published schemes of membrane behaviour during exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 36 (1966), S. 185-189 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anlaß für die Untersuchung war die Frage, ob eine aktive Pollencutinase nach Selbstbestäubung irreversibel inaktiviert, oder ob eine inaktive Pollencutinase nach Kreuzbestäubung irreversibel aktiviert wird. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden Pollenkörner der selbstinkompatiblen Cruciferenarten Arabis arenosa und Brassica nigra kurze Zeit nach Bestäubung auf eine zweite Narbe mit anderen Inkompatibilitätsgenen übertragen und ihr Verhalten beobachtet. Die Pollenkörner wurden unter folgende Bestäubungsbedingungen gebracht: I. Kreuzung → Kreuzung (Kontrolle), II. Selbstung → Kreuzung, III. Selbstung → Selbstung (Kontrolle), IV. Kreuzung → Selbstung. Während die beiden Kontrollen zeigten, daß der Pollen durch den Vorgang des Übertragens in seiner Reaktion nicht verändert wird, war bei der Kombination IV ein Eindringen der Pollenschläuche in die zweite Narbe (Selbstbestäubung) zu beobachten. Dieses Ergebnis spricht für eine irreversible Aktivierung der Pollencutinase durch die erste Narbe (Kreuzbestäubung). Da für die Aktivierung der Cutinase unter günstigen Umständen nur ein kurzer Kontakt des Pollenkorns mit der Narbe notwendig ist, nehmen wir an, daß sich die Reaktion, welche die Cutinasetätigkeit auslöst, zwischen spezifischen, in der Wand von Pollen und Papille gelegenen Strukturen abspielt. Die Frage der S-Allel-Abhängigkeit von Aktivierung und Blockierung der Aktivierung des Cutinasesystems wird im Zusammenhang mit der Vorstellung von Sampson über das Zustandekommen einer “Species-Areal”-Kombination und einer “S-Allel-Areal”-Kombination zwischen Pollen und Narbe diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The investigation dealt with the question, whether after self-pollination active pollen cutinase is irreversibly inactivated, or if after cross-pollination, inactive pollen cutinase is irreversibly activated. To answer this question, a short time after pollination pollen grains of the self-incompatible Cruciferae species Arabis arenosa and Brassica nigra were transferred onto a second stigma with other incompatibility genes and their behavior observed. The pollen grains were used under the following pollination conditions: I. crossing → crossing (control), II. selfing → crossing, III. selfing → selfing (control), IV. crossing → selfing. While the two controls indicated that the reaction of pollen is not changed by the mode of transfer, penetration of the pollen tubes into the second stigma (selfing) could be observed in combination IV. This result suggests an irreversible activation of pollen cutinase by the first stigma (crossing). Because under favourable conditions only short contact of the pollen grain with the stigma is necessary for the activation of cutinase, we suppose that the reaction which induces activity of cutinase takes place between specific structures situated in the wall of pollen grain and papilla. The question whether activation and blockage of activation of the cutinase system is dependent on S-alleles is discussed in connection with the concept of Sampson (1962) on „species-area“- and the „S-allele-area“-combination between pollen and stigma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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