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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall formation in zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Cell wall carbohydrates ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carbohydrate composition was determined in isolated cell walls of meiospores of Allomyces arbuscula after incubation for 15 min (encysted meiospores: cysts), 150 min (germlings: cysts + rhizoids) and 24 h (cysts + rhizoids + hyphae). The principal constituent in all cell wall samples is chitin, accounting for about 75% of the recovered carbohydrates. In addition, cell walls of all stages examined contain polysaccharides which release galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, fucose, and rhamnose on acid hydrolysis. While different developmental stages show minor quantitative changes in chitin, the ratio of galactose to glucose decreases sharply during differentiation of ungerminated cysts into germlings with rhizoids and hyphae. The increase in glucose is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of xylose and/or fucose and of galactose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428583
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall formation in zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Development of meiospores ; Cell wall structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Development of haploid meiospores of Allomyces arbuscula into germling cells with rhizoids and hyphae was followed during incubation in complete growth medium. The surface structure of encysted meiospores, rhizoids and hyphae before and after extraction of amorphous materials with ethanolic KOH was studied by means of carbon-platinum replicas. After 2–3 min incubation in complete medium 10% of the meiospores were surrounded by a cell wall containing microfibrils embedded in a matrix. Structure of cell walls of encysted meiospores, rhizoids, and hyphae differ from one another by the location of amorphous materials and by the arrangement of chitin microfibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall formation in zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell Wall ; Wall Formation ; Lomasome ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural observations on encysting haploid zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula are presented with special reference to cell wall deposition. Multivesicular bodies are observed in the cytoplasm of zoospores 15 min after inoculation, lomasomes after 30 min and fine membrane profiles between the plasmalemma and the cyst wall are observed after 4 h indicating a possible system for secretion of cell wall components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425277
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assembly of a cytosolic pine glutamine synthetase holoenzyme in leaves of transgenic poplar leads to enhanced vegetative growth in young plants (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Over-expression of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, may be a reasonable approach to enhance plant nitrogen use efficiency. In this work phenotypic and biochemical characterizations of young transgenic poplars showing ectopic expression of a pine cytosolic GS transgene in photosynthetic tissue (Gallardo et al., Planta 210, 19–26, 1999) are presented. Analysis of 22 independent transgenic lines in a 6 month greenhouse study indicated that expression of the pine GS transgene affects early vegetative growth and leaf morphology. In comparison with non-transgenic controls, transgenic trees exhibited significantly greater numbers of nodes and leaves (12%), and higher average leaf length and width resulting in an increase in leaf area (25%). Leaf shape was not altered. Transgenic poplars also exhibited increased GS activity (66%), chlorophyll content (33%) and protein content (21%). Plant height was correlated with GS content in young leaves, suggesting that GS can be considered a marker for vegetative growth. Molecular and kinetic characterization of GS isoforms in leaves indicated that poplar GS isoforms are similar to their counterparts in herbaceous plants. A new GS isoenzyme that displayed molecular and kinetic characteristics corresponding to the octomeric pine cytosolic GS1 was identified in the photosynthetic tissues of transgenic poplar leaves. These results indicate that enhanced growth and alterations in biochemistry during early growth are the consequence of transgene expression and assembly of pine GS1 subunits into a new functional holoenzyme in the cytosol of photosynthetic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00972.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescences of oil palm (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Somatic Embryogenesis ; Oil Palm ; Inflorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Immature inflorescences of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) var. Pisifera were inoculated onto modified MS medium containing 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal and 475 μM 2,4-D. After 2—3 months of culture, a hard yellow callus proliferated at the base of the shoot-like structures. The high incidence of phenolic oxidation required the use of increased levels of activated charcoal (0.5% w/v) and 2,4-D (500 μM). Development of floral structures from inflorescence expiants was frequently observed during the culture period. After 81 weeks of culture, an embryogenic tissue characterized by compact consistency and pearly white color was observed in tissues derived from very young inflorescences. This compact embryogenic tissue differentiated into normal somatic embryos when transferred onto regeneration medium containing NAA (15 μM) and ABA (2 μM). Normal plantlets were recovered from these somatic embryos after 8 weeks on regeneration medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The localized incorporation of 3H-L-fucose into cell-wall polysaccharides of the cap and epidermis of corn roots (1971)
    Springer
    Planta 99 (1971), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When 3H-L-fucose is provided to corn roots, a large proportion of the radioactivity is recovered in the polysaccharides extracted from the cell wall. Hydrolysis of this material yields 3H-L-fucose as the sole radioactive product. Two metabolites, identified tentatively as L-fucose-1-phosphate and a nucleoside diphosphate derivative of L-fucose have been isolated from the ethanol soluble fractions of the roots and are possibly precursors of the polysaccharide. Autoradiographs of tissue sections indicate that the synthesis of polysaccharides containing L-fucose is confined largely to the root-cap and epidermis. The outer epidermal wall and root-cap slime are particularly radioactive and, therefore, likely to be relatively rich in fucose. By contrast the cell walls from more deeply lying tissues incorporate negligible amounts of the sugar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386839
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of oil palm cell suspensions and plant regeneration (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 40 (1995), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: embryogenic suspensions ; oil palm ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Primary globular callus from immature zygotic embryos and friable embryogenic tissue derived from mature zygotic embryos were used to establish suspension cultures. Callus cultures were established either on modified Y3 or MS medium containing 475–500 μM 2,4-D or 250 μM picloram and 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal. Suspension cultures of both cell lines were established in modified Y3 medium containing 10 μM 2,4-D. The establishment of cell suspensions from friable embryogenic tissue took only 2 months, in contrast with suspensions from primary globular callus which took 3–5 months to establish. Embryo differentiation was observed only in cell suspensions derived from the friable embryogenic tissue after plating aliquots on regeneration medium. Germinated embryos were recovered and plantlets were successfully established under greenhouse conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037662
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of oil palm (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 34 (1993), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Elacis guineeses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immature zygotic embryos at different developmental stages were used for callus induction and regeneration studies. Immature embryos excised from fruits 77, 91, 100, 114, 128, 140 and 193 days after pollination and mature embryos were cultured on modified Y3 medium containing 500 mgl−1 cysteine, 0.5% (w/v) PVP-40, 500 μM 2,4-d and 0.3% (w/v) charcoal. Compact embryogenic tissue began differentiating directly from embryo explants after 2 weeks of culture. The percentage of embryos forming compact embryogenic tissue ranged from 28.6% for 91-day-old embryos to 0% for 140-day-old and older embryos. Friable embryogenic tissue was observed in callus cultures derived from 100-day-old embryos. Although both compact and friable embryogenic tissues were successfully isolated, normal embryo and plantlet development was observed only from friable embryogenic tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029711
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